EFFECTIVENESS OF INTEGRATED CARBON CAPTURE TECHNOLOGY IN WASTE TO ENERGY PLANTS AND IMPLEMENTATION PROSPECTS

The population in ASEAN is projected to increase to 722 million by 2030. This massive population increase had an impact not only on population quantity but also on the environment. This is reflected in the increasing number of pollution results such as waste products and carbon pollution. Waste to Energy Plants has been successful in converting waste to electrical energy by incineration, but there are still carbon emissions that has to be dealt with and on the other hand carbon pollution has been a major problem for ASEAN this past 10 years, with the data from Global Carbon Atlas showing 1671.7 MtCO2 are emitted from the combined 10 countries in 2019. The industry categories of petroleum refineries, chemicals and others are responsible for contributing the most greenhouse gases. Analysis from the International Energy Agency shows comparison between few of the most promising solutions for carbon emission, one of them being Carbon Capture Storage (CCS). This technology captures CO2 that has been emitted to the atmosphere. Indonesia, the biggest country in ASEAN is also the region’s most contributing country in terms of carbon emission where the CCS technology should be developed more. In this paper, the author uses a descriptive qualitative method and data reference from previous research. The results indicate that the usage of CCS is very effective to reduce the CO2 emissions emitted from Waste-to- Energy Plants with 95% accuracy. This, in effect, will ensure effective expert knowledge communication to the general public and foster social acceptance of this technology. Keywords: Carbon dioxide, Carbon Capture and Storage, WtE Plants, and Process Integration

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Comparative International Law: The Scope and Management of Public Participation Rights Related to CCS Activities

Journal of Public Administration and Governance ◽

10.5296/jpag.v9i2.14559 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 93 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Raíssa Moreira Lima Mendes Musarra ◽

Hirdan K. de Medeiros Costa

Keyword(s):

Public Participation ◽

Carbon Capture ◽

International Energy Agency ◽

The United States ◽

The European Union ◽

Energy Agency ◽

Legal Norms ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

Regulatory Standards ◽

Deductive Method

The paper proposes the presentation of the public participation item in the regulatory standards of CCS in Australia, Canada, the European Union, the United Kingdom and the United States and their possible relations with the Brazilian configuration. The choice of territories is due to the existence of the item in its legal norms and or regulations. The standards available from the International Energy Agency (IEA) database on Carbon Capture, Transport and Storage were used. The methodology used is the comparative, cumulatively with the deductive method, assuming that public participation is a fundamental issue for the governance of CCS activities and that Brazil, when inserting such activities into its code, should take into account the adoption of the best practices of public participation, which, in addition to being consultative, provides deliberative powers to citizens.

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International Energy Agency (IEA) urges major funding boost for carbon capture

International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management ◽

10.1108/ijccsm.2009.41401bab.003 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

Keyword(s):

Carbon Capture ◽

International Energy Agency ◽

Energy Agency

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Commercialization of Al Reyadah – World's 1st Carbon Capture CCUS Project from Iron & Steel Industry for Enhanced Oil Recovery CO2-EOR

10.2118/207676-ms ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Fathesha Sheikh

Keyword(s):

Enhanced Oil Recovery ◽

Oil Recovery ◽

Steel Industry ◽

Carbon Capture ◽

International Energy Agency ◽

Abu Dhabi ◽

Hydrocarbon Gases ◽

Energy Agency ◽

The World ◽

Co2 Eor

Abstract As fossil fuels will continue to be a key source of energy for the world, the role of carbon capture utilization and storage (CCUS) has become increasingly important in addressing climate change by limiting emissions and by establishing a pathway to reaching net-zero. In spite of its significance, the deployment of CCUS globally in the past decade has not met expectations. It is largely due to the challenges in commercializing the technology. On the contrary, ADNOC successfully deployed CCUS in 2016 and has been operating Al Reyadah - the world's first CCUS project in Iron & Steel Industry and Middle East's first commercial CCUS project for enhanced oil recovery (CO2-EOR). Similar to other industrialized economies, Abu Dhabi has various sources where carbon dioxide (CO2) is emitted. It also has an advanced oil & gas industry which requires CO2 for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) in order to improve production output. ADNOC synergized these two industries to create a business case. The concept of a CO2 network, linking CO2 producer (source) and CO2 user for EOR (sinks) was developed as far back as 2008. Various studies where undertaken and a steel facility was identified as an ideal choice for a 1st project, given availability of CO2 and proximity to the ADNOC oil fields. In 2012, Al Reyadah was formed to develop the facility and pipeline that is operating today. This is the first step in a vision that would see multiple sources within Abu Dhabi that will be connected via a pipeline network to supply the CO2 needs of ADNOC for EOR, sequestering CO2 and reducing the UAEs greenhouse footprint, whilst freeing up vital hydrocarbon gases (used currently in EOR) for use in commercial industry. From inception, Al Reyadah has been referenced for decarbonization by many global organizations including International Energy Agency (IEA) and International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) and has won prestigious recognitions from Carbon Sequestration Leadership Forum (CSLF) and Emirates Energy Awards (EEA). This paper discusses the various strategies and commercialization tactics that ADNOC applied to deploy this unique project, which is only among 21 CCS/CCUS projects operating in the world in 2020 and a precursor to thousands of CCS/CCUS projects that are expected to be built globally in the coming years.

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The use of ternary cements to reduce the environmental impact of concrete

RILEM Technical Letters ◽

10.21809/rilemtechlett.2016.19 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1 ◽

pp. 88 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Kim-Séang Lauch ◽

Vinciane Dieryck ◽

Valérie Pollet

Keyword(s):

Fly Ash ◽

Environmental Impact ◽

Carbon Capture ◽

International Energy Agency ◽

Carbon Capture And Storage ◽

Cement Industry ◽

Cement Clinker ◽

Energy Agency ◽

Blended Cements ◽

The World

In the current context of climate change, reducing the greenhouse gas emissions is one of the greatest challenges of our society. As concrete is the second most used material in the world after water, its environmental impact is significant, especially because of the production of cement. Clinker substitution is according to the International Energy Agency and the World Business Council for Sustainable Development one of the four main reductions levers for the cement industry. Unlike Carbon Capture and Storage technology, replacing clinker with by-products such as fly ash and blast-furnace slag is technically feasible and applicable today. The use of blended cements is nowadays more and more commonly widespread. Ternary cements is particularly advantageous to benefit the synergetic action of two substitutes such as fly ash and limestone filler. Cement standard EN 197-1 is evolving towards more ternary binders but their impact on concrete properties are not thoroughly investigated yet. This paper presents some effects of newly developed ternary cements on concrete. The use of composite cements is a compelling solution to reduce the environmental impact of concrete but it is necessary to always assess their suitability in concrete.

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The Geo-Energy Trilemma and Its Mismanagement

Survival Governance ◽

10.1093/oso/9780197534755.003.0004 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 65-83

Author(s):

Peter Drahos

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Renewable Energy ◽

Energy Security ◽

Carbon Capture ◽

Fossil Fuels ◽

International Energy Agency ◽

Climate Mitigation ◽

Energy Agency ◽

The Creation ◽

Military Development

States, motivated by military concerns, have mismanaged the geo-energy trilemma with the result that they face a much deeper climate emergency than they otherwise might. The geo-energy trilemma consists of climate mitigation, energy security, and economic/military development. The International Energy Agency (IEA) has been central to the creation of a data path that prioritizes fossil fuels over the development of renewable energy. The International Energy Agency sent states down the track of more coal development even though carbon capture storage was never a realistic prospect. The IEA failed to build trust among states on energy and climate change issues. The creation of the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) is an important step forward globally for the renewable energy industries.

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Steam Turbine Modernizations at Operating Fossil Power Plants: An Approach to Maximize Efficiency and Optimize Coal Power Plants

ASME 2011 Power Conference, Volume 1 ◽

10.1115/power2011-55232 ◽

2011 ◽

Author(s):

Michael W. Smiarowski

Keyword(s):

Steam Turbine ◽

Carbon Capture ◽

Power Plants ◽

Effective Means ◽

International Energy Agency ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Life Extension ◽

Energy Agency ◽

Natural Gas Markets ◽

Generating Capacity

In 2010, according to the International Energy Agency, coal fired power plants provided 49% of U.S. electricity — far higher than its 31.2% share of electric generating capacity — due to coal plants being run at higher capacity rates. This was due to the stable costs associated with coal as compared with the volatility of the natural gas markets. The remaining coal plants, which represents over 200GW of capacity, will likely require significant investment in air quality control systems (AQCS) and efficiency upgrades to survive. One of the fastest and most cost effective means to achieve greater energy efficiency and add capacity is through modernization of the steam turbine components. In many cases, modernized turbines can be manufactured and ready for installation in less than two years. Coal plants that will continue to operate for the next 20 or more years will likely have to have AQCS, which can consume up to 30% parasitic load (i.e. carbon capture). This load loss can be recovered in part through modernizing the original steam turbine with the latest technology. This paper will provide a commentary on trends and observations on the direction coal plants are taking and provide industry goals. An example of a steam turbine modernization will be discussed and the benefits it provides, such as improvement in performance, availability, reliability, life extension, and reduced life cycle costs. Opinions will be presented on the dynamic nature of the market.

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Liability in Civil and Environmental Subjects for Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) Activities in Brazil

International Journal for Innovation Education and Research ◽

10.31686/ijier.vol7.iss10.1799 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (10) ◽

pp. 501-524

Author(s):

Raíssa Musarra ◽

Silvia Andrea Cupertino ◽

Hirdan Katarina de Medeiros Costa

Keyword(s):

Carbon Capture ◽

Environmental Law ◽

International Energy Agency ◽

Carbon Capture And Storage ◽

Social Risk ◽

Energy Agency ◽

Environmental Liabilities ◽

Environmental Liability ◽

Current Scenario ◽

And Storage

This article intends to organize and understand the theories and norms related to civil and environmental liability in the Brazilian legal system and its relations with the potential implementation of CCS (Carbon Capture, Transport and Storage) projects in Brazil. Thus, in view of the protection of the environment, safeguarded as a Brazilian constitutional norm and related normative organization, the questions concerning civil and environmental liability are introduced. In addition, international guidelines on the subject in selected country standards are exposed through the composition criteria of the International Energy Agency (IEA) CCS normative repository. Then, notes are made on the fundamental importance of Civil and Environmental Liabilities in the prevention and control of environmental accidents, social risk management and safety in storage and carbon activities, as well as conclusions drawn from the current scenario of Brazilian Environmental Law.

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Global clean energy transition will be slow

Emerald Expert Briefings ◽

10.1108/oxan-db232090 ◽

2018 ◽

Keyword(s):

Energy Demand ◽

Carbon Capture ◽

Fossil Fuels ◽

International Energy Agency ◽

Energy Transition ◽

Clean Energy ◽

Status Report ◽

Energy Prices ◽

Energy Agency ◽

Content Type

Subject Carbon reduction strategies. Significance The International Energy Agency (IEA) in March published its latest status report on trends in energy demand and greenhouse gas emissions. The report found that demand increased by 2.1% in 2017 (more than in previous years) and that most of that increase was met with fossil fuels. Global energy-related emissions grew 1.4%, reversing recent trends. These developments reinforce concerns that the transition towards a low- or zero-carbon economy is not progressing as quickly as it needs to if climate change is to be limited. Impacts Renewed carbon capture momentum will require a significant increase in carbon prices to improve the viability of investments. Major electricity supply disruptions would help revive interest in nuclear power. The prospects for increased energy efficiency are largely dependent upon the future trajectory of energy prices.

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Renewables will erode gas usage in power and transport

Emerald Expert Briefings ◽

10.1108/oxan-db249094 ◽

2019 ◽

Keyword(s):

Gas Turbines ◽

Carbon Capture ◽

International Energy Agency ◽

Carbon Capture And Storage ◽

Combined Cycle ◽

Low Carbon ◽

Energy Agency ◽

Content Type ◽

Electricity Grid ◽

Low Carbon Technologies

Significance The latest World Economic Outlook 2019 (WEO) from the International Energy Agency (IEA), published on November 13, suggests that achieving emissions targets will require gas to be a transition fuel, not a lasting solution. This will reduce investment in long-term projects involving combined cycle gas turbines and gas infrastructure. Impacts Growing concern about the emissions damage from increased gas use will encourage the development of alternative low-carbon technologies. Less investment in gas projects could create energy deficits unless renewable energy capacity and electricity grid construction increase. Impetus will grow to develop large carbon capture and storage (CCS) projects.

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