scholarly journals Therapeutic Window of Photodynamic Treatment (PDT) in Conservative Periodontal Therapy -Analysis of Cell Migration Within A Three Dimensional Collagen Matrix-

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Grimm WD
Keyword(s):  
Cell Migration ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Collagen Matrix ◽  
Periodontal Therapy ◽  
Therapeutic Window ◽  
Photodynamic Treatment

scholarly journals Analysis of fibroblast migration dynamics in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis using image-based scaffolds of the lung extracellular matrix

2020 ◽  
Vol 318 (2) ◽  
pp. L276-L286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marisa Tisler ◽  
Samuel Alkmin ◽  
Hsin-Yu Chang ◽  
Jon Leet ◽  
Ksenija Bernau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Cell Migration ◽  
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Second Harmonic ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Collagen Matrix ◽  
Additional Hypothesis ◽  
Fibroblast Migration ◽  
Migration Dynamics

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is characterized by a profound remodeling of the collagen in the extracellular matrix (ECM), where the fibers become both denser and more highly aligned. However, it is unknown how this reconfiguration of the collagen matrix affects disease progression. Here, we investigate the role of specific alterations in collagen fiber organization on cell migration dynamics by using biomimetic image-based collagen scaffolds representing normal and fibrotic lung, where the designs are derived directly from high-resolution second harmonic generation microscopy images. The scaffolds are fabricated by multiphoton-excited (MPE) polymerization, where the process is akin to three-dimensional printing, except that it is performed at much greater resolution (∼0.5 microns) and with collagen and collagen analogs. These scaffolds were seeded with early passaged primary human normal and IPF fibroblasts to enable the decoupling of the effect of cell-intrinsic characteristics (normal vs. IPF) versus ECM structure (normal vs. IPF) on migration dynamics. We found that the highly aligned IPF collagen structure promoted enhanced cell elongation and F-actin alignment along with increased cell migration speed and straightness relative to the normal tissues. Collectively, the data are consistent with an enhanced contact guidance mechanism on the aligned IPF matrix. Although cell intrinsic effects were observed, the aligned collagen matrix morphology had a larger effect on these metrics. Importantly, these biomimetic models of the lung cannot be synthesized by conventional fabrication methods. We suggest that the MPE image-based fabrication method will enable additional hypothesis-based testing studies of cell-matrix interactions in the context of tissue fibrosis.

scholarly journals Analysis of Cell Migration within a Three-dimensional Collagen Matrix

10.3791/51963 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadine Rommerswinkel ◽  
Bernd Niggemann ◽  
Silvia Keil ◽  
Kurt S. Zänker ◽  
Thomas Dittmar
Keyword(s):  
Cell Migration ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Collagen Matrix

scholarly journals Functional Assessment of 12 Rare Allelic CYP2C9 Variants Identified in a Population of 4773 Japanese Individuals

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
Masaki Kumondai ◽  
Akio Ito ◽  
Evelyn Marie Gutiérrez Rico ◽  
Eiji Hishinuma ◽  
Akiko Ueda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Warfarin Dose ◽  
Catalytic Efficiency ◽  
Therapeutic Window ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Drug Metabolizing Enzyme ◽  
Novel Variants ◽  
Metabolizing Enzyme ◽  
Almost All

Cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) is an important drug-metabolizing enzyme that contributes to the metabolism of approximately 15% of clinically used drugs, including warfarin, which is known for its narrow therapeutic window. Interindividual differences in CYP2C9 enzymatic activity caused by CYP2C9 genetic polymorphisms lead to inconsistent treatment responses in patients. Thus, in this study, we characterized the functional differences in CYP2C9 wild-type (CYP2C9.1), CYP2C9.2, CYP2C9.3, and 12 rare novel variants identified in 4773 Japanese individuals. These CYP2C9 variants were heterologously expressed in 293FT cells, and the kinetic parameters (Km, kcat, Vmax, catalytic efficiency, and CLint) of (S)-warfarin 7-hydroxylation and tolbutamide 4-hydroxylation were estimated. From this analysis, almost all novel CYP2C9 variants showed significantly reduced or null enzymatic activity compared with that of the CYP2C9 wild-type. A strong correlation was found in catalytic efficiencies between (S)-warfarin 7-hydroxylation and tolbutamide 4-hydroxylation among all studied CYP2C9 variants. The causes of the observed perturbation in enzyme activity were evaluated by three-dimensional structural modeling. Our findings could clarify a part of discrepancies among genotype–phenotype associations based on the novel CYP2C9 rare allelic variants and could, therefore, improve personalized medicine, including the selection of the appropriate warfarin dose.

scholarly journals Computational Model for Cell Migration in Three-Dimensional Matrices

2005 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 1389-1397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad H. Zaman ◽  
Roger D. Kamm ◽  
Paul Matsudaira ◽  
Douglas A. Lauffenburger
Keyword(s):  
Cell Migration ◽  
Computational Model ◽  
Three Dimensional

scholarly journals Weakening of resistance force by cell–ECM interactions regulate cell migration directionality and pattern formation

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaya Hagiwara ◽  
Hisataka Maruyama ◽  
Masakazu Akiyama ◽  
Isabel Koh ◽  
Fumihito Arai
Keyword(s):  
Cell Migration ◽  
Pattern Formation ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Optical Tweezers ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Lung Epithelial Cells ◽  
Resistance Force ◽  
Collective Cell Migration ◽  
Physical Forces ◽  
Cellular Movement

AbstractCollective migration of epithelial cells is a fundamental process in multicellular pattern formation. As they expand their territory, cells are exposed to various physical forces generated by cell–cell interactions and the surrounding microenvironment. While the physical stress applied by neighbouring cells has been well studied, little is known about how the niches that surround cells are spatio-temporally remodelled to regulate collective cell migration and pattern formation. Here, we analysed how the spatio-temporally remodelled extracellular matrix (ECM) alters the resistance force exerted on cells so that the cells can expand their territory. Multiple microfabrication techniques, optical tweezers, as well as mathematical models were employed to prove the simultaneous construction and breakage of ECM during cellular movement, and to show that this modification of the surrounding environment can guide cellular movement. Furthermore, by artificially remodelling the microenvironment, we showed that the directionality of collective cell migration, as well as the three-dimensional branch pattern formation of lung epithelial cells, can be controlled. Our results thus confirm that active remodelling of cellular microenvironment modulates the physical forces exerted on cells by the ECM, which contributes to the directionality of collective cell migration and consequently, pattern formation.

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