Repeated Atmospheric Pressure Alteration Effect on the Cochlea in Rats: Experimental Animal Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 92 (7) ◽  
pp. 550-555
Author(s):  
Sinan Eroglu ◽  
Handan Turan Dizdar ◽  
Rasit Cevizci ◽  
Abdurrahman Bugra Cengiz ◽  
Sahin Ogreden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inner Ear ◽  
Animal Study ◽  
Experimental Animal ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Brainstem Response ◽  
Experimental Animal Study ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Pressure Changes ◽  
Group 1

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of repeated pressure alterations on cochlear structures in rats in an attempt to understand indirectly the inner ear status of flight crew who are repeatedly exposed to pressure alterations.METHODS: There were 12 adult Wistar albino rats equally divided into 2 groups: Group 1 (controls) and Group 2 (study group). The animals in Group 2 were exposed to repeated pressure changes in a pressure cabin which is regulated by manometers. The animals in Group 1 were placed in the cabin without being exposed to pressure changes. Auditory brainstem response (ABR) testing was performed in all animals at the beginning and at the end of the study. After 12 wk the animals were sacrificed and their cochleas were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).RESULTS: In the study group, hearing decreases at 2 kHz, 4 kHz, 6 dB at 8 kHz, and 32 kHz were encountered at the end of 3 mo. On SEM evaluation of the control group, the outer hair cells (OHC) and stereocilia were normal throughout the cochlea. In the study group, there were irregularities in lateral surface connections and separations, collapse, and adhesions in the basal segment of the cochlea and partial loss of stereocilia throughout the cochlea.CONCLUSION: Repeated alterations in the atmospheric pressure can lead to damage in the inner ear with subtle or evident hearing loss. Frequent flyers like air workers may be at risk of inner ear damage, which may be considered an occupational health problem.Eroglu S, Dizdar HT, Cevizci R, Cengiz AB, Ogreden S, Bulut E, Ilgezdi S, Dilci A, Ustun S, Sirvanci S, Kaya OT, Bayazit D, Caki BO, Oktay MF, Bayazit Y. Repeated atmospheric pressure alteration effect on the cochlea in rats: experimental animal study. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2021; 92(7):550555.

Could edaravone prevent gentamicin ototoxicity? An experimental study

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Turan ◽  
E Ciğer ◽  
S Arslanoğlu ◽  
H Börekci ◽  
K Önal
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Hearing Threshold ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Threshold Values ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Brainstem Response ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Objectives: Clinical application of gentamicin may cause nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Our study is the first study to investigate the protective effects of edaravone against the gentamicin-induced ototoxicity. We investigated the protective effect of intraperitoneal (i.p.) edaravone application against gentamicin-induced ototoxicity in guinea pigs. Methods: Fourteen guinea pigs were divided into two equal groups consisting of a control group and a study group. One-hundred sixty milligrams per kilogram subcutaneous gentamicin and 0.3 mL i.p. saline were applied simultaneously once daily to seven guinea pigs in the control group (group 1). One-hundred sixty milligrams per kilogram gentamicin was applied subcutaneously and 3 mg/kg edaravone was applied intraperitoneally once daily for 7 days simultaneously to seven guinea pigs in the study group (group 2). Following the drug application, auditory brainstem response measurements were performed for the left ear on the 3rd and 7th days. Results: Hearing threshold values of the group 1 and group 2 measured in the 3rd day of the study were detected as 57.14 ± 4.88 and 82.86 ± 7.56, respectively. This difference was statistically significant ( p < 0.05). Hearing threshold values of the group 1 and group 2 measured in the 7th day of the study were detected as 87.14 ± 4.88 and 62.86 ± 4.88, respectively. This difference was statistically significant ( p < 0.05). Conclusion: A statistically significant difference between the average threshold values of edaravone-administered group 2 and that of group 1 without edaravone was found. These differences show that systemic edaravone administration could diminish ototoxic effects of gentamicin and the severity of the hearing loss.

scholarly journals Obstructive sleep apnea and CPAP therapy alter distinct transcriptional programs in subcutaneous fat tissue

SLEEP ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sina A Gharib ◽  
Amanda L Hurley ◽  
Michael J Rosen ◽  
James C Spilsbury ◽  
Amy E Schell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Cpap Therapy ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose ◽  
Group 1

Abstract Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has been linked to dysregulated metabolic states, and treatment of sleep apnea may improve these conditions. Subcutaneous adipose tissue is a readily samplable fat depot that plays an important role in regulating metabolism. However, neither the pathophysiologic consequences of OSA nor the effects of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in altering this compartment’s molecular pathways are understood. This study aimed to systematically identify subcutaneous adipose tissue transcriptional programs modulated in OSA and in response to its effective treatment with CPAP. Two subject groups were investigated: Study Group 1 was comprised of 10 OSA and 8 controls; Study Group 2 included 24 individuals with OSA studied at baseline and following CPAP. For each subject, genome-wide gene expression measurement of subcutaneous fat was performed. Differentially activated pathways elicited by OSA (Group 1) and in response to its treatment (Group 2) were determined using network and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). In Group 2, treatment of OSA with CPAP improved apnea-hypopnea index, daytime sleepiness, and blood pressure, but not anthropometric measures. In Group 1, GSEA revealed many up-regulated gene sets in OSA subjects, most of which were involved in immuno-inflammatory (e.g. interferon-γ signaling), transcription, and metabolic processes such as adipogenesis. Unexpectedly, CPAP therapy in Group 2 subjects was also associated with up-regulation of several immune pathways as well as cholesterol biosynthesis. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that OSA alters distinct inflammatory and metabolic programs in subcutaneous fat, but these transcriptional signatures are not reversed with short-term effective therapy.

Influence of residual alveolar bone height on implant stability in the maxilla: an experimental animal study

2009 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 751-755 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Fenner ◽  
Eleftherios Vairaktaris ◽  
Philipp Stockmann ◽  
Karl Andreas Schlegel ◽  
Friedrich Wilhelm Neukam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Study ◽  
Experimental Animal ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Implant Stability ◽  
Experimental Animal Study ◽  
Bone Height

scholarly journals Sensitivity of notochordal disc cells to mechanical loading: an experimental animal study

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thorsten Guehring ◽  
Andreas Nerlich ◽  
Markus Kroeber ◽  
Wiltrud Richter ◽  
Georg W. Omlor
Keyword(s):  
Animal Study ◽  
Mechanical Loading ◽  
Experimental Animal ◽  
Disc Cells ◽  
Experimental Animal Study

Effect of low-power gallium-aluminum-arsenium laser therapy (830 nm) in combination with bisphosphonate treatment on osteopenic bone structure: an experimental animal study

2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Júlia S. Diniz ◽  
Renata Amadei Nicolau ◽  
Natália de Melo Ocarino ◽  
Fernanda do Carmo Magalhães ◽  
Renato Dornas de Oliveira Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Laser Therapy ◽  
Animal Study ◽  
Experimental Animal ◽  
Bone Structure ◽  
Bisphosphonate Treatment ◽  
Experimental Animal Study ◽  
Osteopenic Bone

scholarly journals The effect of tuberositas tibia osteotomy on patellofemoral joint pressure: An experimental animal study

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-106
Author(s):  
Sidar Ozturk ◽  
Zafer Volkan Gokce ◽  
Huseyin Bahadir Gokcen ◽  
Hakki Sur
Keyword(s):  
Animal Study ◽  
Experimental Animal ◽  
Patellofemoral Joint ◽  
Experimental Animal Study ◽  
Tibia Osteotomy

scholarly journals Efficacy of azoximer bromide in the treatment of hospitalized patients with moderate to severe community-acquired pneumonia

2021 ◽  
pp. 106-117
Author(s):  
S. K. Zyryanov ◽  
O. I. Butranova ◽  
A. V. Ershov ◽  
Z. Sh. Manasova
Keyword(s):  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Therapy Regimen ◽  
Duration Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Comparator Group ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Severe Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Group 1

Introduction. The high incidence of community-acquired pneumonia and the high complication rates in the cases of severe pneumonia actualize the search for new pharmacotherapy tools to improve the effectiveness of standard patient management regimens. A high level of severe inflammatory response underlies the high risk for developing septic complications of pneumonia, along with impaired immune responses.The aim is to evaluate the efficacy of azoximer bromide introduction in the combination therapy regimen for hospitalized patients with moderate to severe community-acquired pneumonia.Materials and methods. A prospective, open label, parallel group, randomized study comparing the efficacy of azoximer bromide introduction in the combination therapy of hospitalized patients with moderate to severe community-acquired pneumonia was conducted at the premises of Federal Scientific and Clinical Center for Reanimatology and Rehabilitation. 30 patients were included in the study group and 37 patients in the comparator group. The baseline characteristics were comparable in both groups. Results. The azoximer bromide introduction in the combination therapy of patients with community-acquired pneumonia led to a statistically significant reduction in the duration of hospital stay (Me (LQ; HQ): 9 (8; 10) days for the study group and 13 (10; 14) days for the comparator group, (p = 0.000078), duration of ICU stay (Me (LQ; HQ) 2 days (1.5; 2.5) and 5 days (5.0; 6.0), respectively, (p = 0.00001), the duration of febrile fever 5 (± 0.6) days versus 10 (± 1.2) days (p = 0.0000), the incidence of acute respiratory failure (13.33% in group 1 versus 37.84% in group 2, p = 0.024) and septic shock (10% in group 1 versus 32.43% in group 2, p = 0.0285).Conclusions. The azoximer bromide introduction in the standard therapy regimen for patients with community-acquired pneumonia allowed to reduce the duration of hospital stay, the duration of ICU stay, the length of febrile fever, the incidence of septic shock and respiratory failure. The possible mechanisms of action may include a reduction of the severe inflammatory reactions and an optimization of the patient's immune response to the infectious process.

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