scholarly journals Some aspects of biological effect of emodin on plants

2021 ◽  
pp. 97-103
Author(s):  
Aliaxandr I. Kakhanouski ◽  
Vladimir M. Yurin ◽  
Katsiaryna Yu. Kakhanouskaya
Keyword(s):  
Biological Effect ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Direct Action ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Plant Ecology ◽  
Biological Action ◽  
Fallen Leaves

Emodin, a secondary metabolite of many plants, has a wide spectrum of biological action on various groups of organisms, but the mechanisms of its action on plants are practically not studied. There is an assumption that emodin plays a certain role in allelopathy, getting into the soil with fallen leaves in the form of glycosides, which break down into emodin aglycones and are stored in the ecosystem. The aim of the study was to establish the effects of emodin on growth processes and its effect on heme-containing enzymes. It was found that emodin has an inhibitory effect on the root system of Allium cepa, and also promotes the activation of catalase activity in the roots. When studying the direct action of emodin on the activity of the catalase enzyme in vitro, it was found that the activity of the catalase enzyme decreases under the action of emodin. When studying the possible mechanisms of inactivation, it was found that emodin can interact with heme. Further detailing of the patterns of biological action of emodin will expand the scope of its application in plant protection, crop production, and also determine its role in plant ecology and physiology.

Effect of guaianolides in the meiosis reinitiation of amphibian oocytes

Zygote ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Zapata-Martínez ◽  
G. Sánchez-Toranzo ◽  
F. Chaín ◽  
C.A.N. Catalán ◽  
M.I. Bühler
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Sesquiterpene Lactones ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Biological Molecules ◽  
Plant Metabolites ◽  
Major Mechanism ◽  
Bufo Arenarum ◽  
Asteraceae Family

SummarySesquiterpene lactones (STLs) are a large and structurally diverse group of plant metabolites generally found in the Asteraceae family. STLs exhibit a wide spectrum of biological activities and it is generally accepted that their major mechanism of action is the alkylation of the thiol groups of biological molecules. The guaianolides is one of various groups of STLs. Anti-tumour and anti-migraine effects, an allergenic agent, an inhibitor of smooth muscle cells and of meristematic cell proliferation are only a few of the most commonly reported activities of STLs. In amphibians, fully grown ovarian oocytes are arrested at the beginning of meiosis I. Under stimulus with progesterone, this meiotic arrest is released and meiosis progresses to metaphase II, a process known as oocyte maturation. There are previous records of the inhibitory effect of dehydroleucodin (DhL), a guaianolide lactone, on the progression of meiosis. It has been also shown that DhL and its 11,13-dihydroderivative (2H-DhL; a mixture of epimers at C-11) act as blockers of the resumption of meiosis in fully grown ovarian oocytes from the amphibian Rhinella arenarum (formerly classified as Bufo arenarum). The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of four closely related guaianolides, i.e., DhL, achillin, desacetoxymatricarin and estafietin as possible inhibitors of meiosis in oocytes of amphibians in vitro and discuss some structure–activity relationships. It was found that the inhibitory effect on meiosis resumption is greater when the lactone has two potentially reactive centres, either a α,β–α′,β′-diunsaturated cyclopentanone moiety or an epoxide group plus an exo-methylene-γ-lactone function.

Effect of growth regulator “Zerebra Agro” on soybean yield in the Kaluga region

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
З. Фёдорова ◽  
А. Шитикова ◽  
А. Тевченков
Keyword(s):  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Biological Action ◽  
Colloidal Solutions ◽  
Potential Productivity ◽  
Seed Formation ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Kaluga Region

Исследования проведены в условиях полевого опыта на дерново-подзолистых супесчаных почвах в 20162017 годах и заключались в выявлении потенциальной урожайности сортов сои северного экотипа и определении эффективности действия ростостимулирующих препаратов в агроклиматических условиях Калужской области. Объектами исследований были сорта сои Магева, Светлая и Касатка. В последнее время в растениеводстве для подавления фитопатогенной микрофлоры доказана возможность применения в низких концентрациях солей серебра. На растениях применяют серебросодержащие препараты коллоидные растворы, содержащие наноразмерные частицы металлического серебра, широкого спектра биологического действия. Регулятор роста Зеребра Агро , применяемый в исследованиях на культуре сои, создан на основе коллоидного серебра. Его положительное действие в первую очередь определяется влиянием ионов серебра на растения за счёт ингибирования отклика клеток на фитогормон этилен, что приводит к соответствующим изменением баланса физиологических процессов. Применение регулятора роста Зеребра Агро для обработки семян и вегетирующих посевов сои позволило увеличить высоту растений в среднем за 2 года на 23 см, площадь листьев в фазу налива семян на 2,78,8 тыс. м2/га, урожайность семян на 0,10,23 т/га, содержание белка на 2,03,7, а содержание жира на 0,10,3 в сравнении с контролем. Показано действие регулятора роста Зеребра Агро на повышение устойчивости растений сои к неблагоприятным факторам внешней среды, болезням, а также на рост и развитие растений, продуктивность сои и качество продукции. The investigation took place in 20162017 on sod-podzolic sandy soil. The goal was to determine a potential productivity of northern soybean varieties and an effectiveness of growth regulators in the Kaluga region. Soybean varieties Mageva, Svetlaya and Kasatka performed as objects of the study. Lately Crop Production showed that low concentrations of Ag salts negatively affect phytopathogenic microflora. Plants get treated by silver-containing preparations colloidal solutions containing Ag nanoparticles of wide spectrum of biological action. Growth regulator Zerebra Agro is based on colloidal silver and used on soybean. Ag slows down plant cell response in the presence of ethylene changing the chain of physiological reactions. Treatments of soybean seeds and plants with Zerebra Agro increased plant height by 23 cm for 2 years, leaf surface at seed formation time by 2.78.8 thousand m2 ha-1, seed yield by 0.10.23 t ha-1, protein content by 2.03.7, fat concentration by 0.10.3. This paper also reports on the effect of Zerebra Agro on soybean resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses as well as plant growth, yield and quality.

A novel mechanism of olanzapine-induced lipid accumulation

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 906-906 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Dzitoyeva ◽  
H. Chen ◽  
R. Manev ◽  
H. Manev
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Content ◽  
Direct Action ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Cell Content ◽  
Metabolic Alterations ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Mrna Content ◽  
Quantitative Western Blot

IntroductionSecond generation antipsychotic drugs (SGADs) including olanzapine trigger adverse metabolic alterations possibly by a direct action on adipocytes.Objectives and aimsThe system of the inflammatory 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) and its activating protein (FLAP) have been implicated in lipid dysfunction in obesity. We investigated whether this system could participate in the adipogenic action of olanzapine.MethodsExperiments were performed in 3T3-L1 adipocytes in vitro. Cells were treated with olanzapine and a FLAP inhibitor MK-886. Their lipid content, 5-LOX and FLAP mRNA content, and FLAP protein content were measured.ResultsOlanzapine treatment did not affect the cell content of 5-LOX mRNA; however, it decreased FLAP mRNA content at day five but not 24 hours after olanzapine addition. The inhibitory effect of olanzapine on FLAP expression was confirmed by quantitative Western blot assays. In the absence of a FLAP inhibitor, low concentrations of olanzapine (0.5 and 5 μM) increased lipid content only by about 13% (compared to about a 56% increase induced by 50 μM olanzapine) whereas in the presence of MK-886 these concentrations of olanzapine produced lipid increases comparable to the increase caused by 50 μM. In these experimental conditions, MK-886 alone did not alter the cell content of lipids.Conclusions5-LOX system may be involved in lipid dysfunction not only in conditions of obesity but possibly in SGAD-related metabolic alterations. The known polymorphism in the genes of the human 5-LOX system could play a role in setting a variable individual susceptibility to the metabolic side effects of SGADs.

Inhibition of cytochrome P-450 C17 enzyme by a GnRH agonist in ovarian follicles from gonadotropin-stimulated rats

2007 ◽  
Vol 292 (5) ◽  
pp. E1456-E1464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Griselda Irusta ◽  
Fernanda Parborell ◽  
Marta Tesone
Keyword(s):  
Direct Action ◽  
Regulatory Protein ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Serum Progesterone ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Androgen Synthesis ◽  
Cytochrome P 450

Our objective was to study the direct action of a GnRH-I agonist, leuprolide acetate (LA), on ovarian steroidogenesis in preovulatory follicles obtained from equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG)-treated rats. Previously, we have demonstrated an inhibitory effect of LA on steroidogenesis and follicular development. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) exerts its negative effect on follicular development by inhibiting thecal cytochrome P-450 C17 (P450C17) α-hydroxylase expression and, consequently, androgen synthesis. Studies were carried out in prepubertal female rats injected with either eCG (control) or eCG plus LA (LA) and killed at different time points. Immunohistochemical studies indicated that LA induced steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) expression mainly in theca cells of preantral and antral follicles. In addition, serum progesterone levels increased significantly ( P < 0.05), whereas those of androsterone decreased ( P < 0.05) after 8 h of LA treatment. This inhibition caused by LA seemed to be a consequence of the decreased expression of follicular P450C17 α-hydroxylase, as demonstrated by Western blot and RT-PCR techniques. In vitro studies using follicles isolated from 48-h-eCG-treated rats and cultured with LA showed a significant ( P < 0.05) inhibition of FSH-induced androsterone follicular content as well as P450C17 α-hydroxylase protein levels, as determined by Western analysis. However, LA increased StAR protein expression in these follicles without significant changes in P450scc enzyme levels. Taking all these findings into account, we suggest that GnRH-I exerts a direct inhibitory action on gonadotropin-induced follicular development by decreasing the temporal expression of the P450C17 enzyme and, consequently, androgen production, thus reducing the supply of estrogens available to developing follicles.

Inhibition of neurons in the rat medial amygdaloid nucleus in vitro by somatostatin

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
pp. 670-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun-Fei Lu ◽  
Yykio Hattori ◽  
Akiyoshi Moriwaki ◽  
Yasushi Hayashi ◽  
Yasuo Hori
Keyword(s):  
Brain Slice ◽  
Direct Action ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Inhibitory Response ◽  
Threshold Concentration ◽  
Neuron Activity ◽  
Amygdaloid Nucleus ◽  
Medial Amygdala ◽  
Medial Amygdaloid Nucleus

Effects of somatostatin (SRIF) on neurons in the medial amygdaloid nucleus were investigated in rat brain slice preparations, using extracellular recordings. Following bath application of SRIF at 10−7–10−6 M, 63 of 81 (78%) medial amygdala neurons showed an inhibitory response. The inhibitory effect of SRIF was dose dependent, and the threshold concentration was approximately 10−9 M. The inhibitory response to SRIF persisted during synaptic blockade in two-thirds of neurons tested. The inhibitory effect of SRIF was reduced by picrotoxin, a GABAA receptor antagonist, in one-third of neurons. These results suggest that SRIF exerts an inhibitory effect on medial amygdala neurons through either a direct action on SRIF receptors or a GABAergic synaptic involvement.Key words: somatostatin, amygdala, brain slice, neuron activity, picrotoxin.

scholarly journals Korean Red Ginseng Suppresses Metastasis of Human Hepatoma SK-Hep1 Cells by Inhibiting Matrix Metalloproteinase-2/-9 and Urokinase Plasminogen Activator

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Ling Ho ◽  
Kun-Cheng Li ◽  
Wei Chao ◽  
Yuan-Shiun Chang ◽  
Guan-Jhong Huang
Keyword(s):  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 ◽  
Boyden Chamber ◽  
Human Hepatoma ◽  
Red Ginseng ◽  
Korean Red Ginseng ◽  
Dose Dependent

Korean red ginseng and ginsenosides have been claimed to possess wide spectrum of medicinal effects, of which anticancer effect is one. The present study was undertaken to investigate the antimetastatic effect of Korean red ginseng on human hepatoma as well as possible mechanisms. The inhibitory effect of the water extract of Korean red ginseng (WKRG) on the invasion and motility of SK-Hep1 cells was evaluated by the Boyden chamber assayin vitro. Without causing cytotoxicity, WKRG exerted a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on the invasion and motility, but not adhesion, of highly metastatic SK-Hep1 cells. Zymography analyses revealed significant downregulating effects on MMP-2, MMP-9, and uPA activities in SK-Hep1 cells. Western blot analyses also showed that WKRG treatment caused dose-dependent decreases in MMP-2 and MMP-9 protein expressions. Moreover, WKRG increased the levels of TIMP-1, TIMP-2, and PAI-1. The present study not only demonstrated that invasion and motility of cancer cells were inhibited by WKRG, but also indicated that such effects were likely associated with the decrease in MMP-2/-9 and uPA expressions of SK-Hep1 cells.

MODE OF ACTION OF CLOMIPHENE

1969 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 635-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Hammerstein
Keyword(s):  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Direct Action ◽  
Clomiphene Citrate ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Isotopic Dilution ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Isolation And Purification

ABSTRACT The in vitro influence of clomiphene citrate on the incorporation of acetate-1-14C into progesterone by slices of human corpora lutea was studied in 10 experiments using the reverse isotopic dilution technique for the isolation and purification of radioactive progesterone, followed in most instances by crystallization to constant specific activity. As a clear-cut and reproducible result, the formation of progesterone from labelled acetate was considerably diminished in the presence of clomiphene citrate independent of whether the tissues originated from the menstrual cycle or from normal as well as ectopic pregnancies. This inhibitory effect on the biosynthesis of progesterone was intensified by increasing the concentration of clomiphene in the medium. It was demonstrable after 13.3 minutes of incubation as well as after 6 hours. No obvious interference of clomiphene with the stimulating action of HCG on steroidogenesis was found. These findings point to a direct action of clomiphene on the ovary which might also have some bearing on the mode of action of clomiphene in vivo.

Inhibition of gastric H+ secretion, K+-ATPase and K+-phosphatase by estradiol in vivo and in vitro

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 680-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Limlomwongse ◽  
P. Piyachaturawat
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Mucosa ◽  
Acid Secretion ◽  
Gastric Acid Secretion ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Direct Action ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Secretory Rate ◽  
Dose Dependent

The effect of estrogen on the gastric acid secretion and H+-transporting enzymes, K+ -ATPase and K+-phosphatase, were investigated in the rat. The maximum H+ secretory rate in response to 1 mM histamine was significantly reduced (P < 0.05) in both the isolated gastric mucosa obtained from the rats treated with estradiol in vivo for 7 days and the mucosa directly incubated in vitro with estradiol. The inhibitory effect on the gastric enzyme activities in vitro showed a dose-dependent pattern of a noncompetitive type. The result suggested that estradiol may have a direct action on the gastric H+ secretion by inhibiting the H+ transport enzyme activities.

scholarly journals Testosterone inhibits human wild-type and chimeric aldosterone synthase activity in vitro

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Vecchiola ◽  
Cristóbal A. Fuentes ◽  
Cristian A. Carvajal ◽  
Carmen Campino ◽  
Fidel Allende ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Active Sites ◽  
Direct Action ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Type I ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Aldosterone Synthase ◽  
Hek 293 ◽  
Aldosterone Production ◽  
Modelling Studies

Abstract BackgroundFamilial hyperaldosteronism type I is caused by the generation of a chimeric aldosterone synthase enzyme (ASCE) which is regulated by ACTH instead of angiotensin II. We have reported that in vitro, the wild-type (ASWT) and chimeric aldosterone synthase (ASCE) enzymes are inhibited by progesterone and estradiol did not affect.AimTo explore the direct action of testosterone on ASWT and ASCE enzymes.MethodsHEK-293 cells were transiently transfected with vectors containing the full ASWT or ASCE cDNAs. The effect of testosterone on AS enzyme activities were evaluated incubating HEK-cells transfected with enzymes vectors and adding deoxycorticosterone (DOC) alone or DOC plus increasing doses of testosterone. Aldosterone production was measured by HPLC-MS/MS. Docking of testosterone within the active sites of both enzymes was performed.ResultsIn this system, testosterone inhibited ASWT (90% inhibition at five µM, IC50=1.690 µM) with higher efficacy and potency than ASCE (80% inhibition at five µM, IC50=3.176 µM). Molecular modelling studies showed different orientation of testosterone in ASWT and ASCE crystal structures.ConclusionsThe inhibitory effect of testosterone on ASWT or ASCE enzymes is a novel non-genomic testosterone action, suggesting that further clinical studies are needed to assess the role of testosterone in the screening and diagnosis of primary aldosteronism.

scholarly journals One of the trends of oxidative protection in in vitro fertilization programs

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 502-514
Author(s):  
O. S. Vachlova ◽  
T. A. Oboskalova
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Biological Action ◽  
Published Data ◽  
International Studies ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Contraceptive Effect

Here we review published data from experimental and clinical international studies examining pathogenetic effects of melatonin upon using programs of In Vitro Fertilization (IVF); highlighting various viewpoints on its biological action as a regulator of circadian rhythms: on the one hand, the inhibitory effect of melatonin on pulsating secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone was considered, thereby achieving a contraceptive effect; on the other hand, its ability to induce the secretion of human chorionic gonadotropin ensuring ovulation process, was discussed. We also review the data on melatonin acting as a highly active antioxidant. While using melatonin as a metabolic supplement in IVF programs, its positive effect on oocyte morphology and quality of fertilization, embryo division was observed. Moreover, we also highlight the results of studies examining melatonin-related effects on quality of fertilization and embryo division after adding it to culture medium. Such effects demonstrated dose-depended pattern. Taking into account the data of the analyzed publications, adding exogenous melatonin to culture medium may represent a new strategy for personalized approach to improve outcome of IVF programs. Its effectiveness should be further investigated and considered for introduction within the framework of pregravid preparation.

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