scholarly journals Land application of farm dairy effluent for sustainable dairy farming

2001 ◽  
pp. 53-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.G. Roach ◽  
R.D. Longhurst ◽  
S.F. Ledgard
Keyword(s):  
Animal Health ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Large Area ◽  
N Application ◽  
Dairy Effluent ◽  
Calcium Leaching ◽  
Farm Dairy Effluent ◽  
Maintenance Requirements ◽  
N Rates

Land application of farm dairy effluent (FDE) is preferred over pond treatment because of the potential reduction in environmental impacts, and recycling of valuable nutrients. Recent findings from the past 5 years of research by AgResearch and Dexcel are presented to provide an overview of the effects of applying FDE to pastures. Results indicate that significant pasture responses to applying FDE at increasing rates of N were found in both the mowing and grazing trials. There was no difference in pasture responses between FDE and urea when applied at the same rate of N. The ryegrass content of pastures increased with increasing N rates whether from effluent or urea. N and nitrate-N concentrations in the herbage showed some increases but were not excessive at rates up to 400 kgN/ha/yr. Pasture concentrations of other nutrients (except K) were unaffected by the rate or form of nitrogen applied. Both pasture K and soil K levels were significantly higher under the effluent treatments. Nitrate and calcium leaching increased significantly under the highest rate of N application (400 kgN/ha/yr). Spreading FDE over a sufficiently large area (15-20% of the farm) can reduce inputs of K to near maintenance requirements and restrict N inputs to about 80- 120 kg N/ha/yr, thereby avoiding potential animal health and environmental problems. A behavioural study showed that cows disliked grazing pastures recently treated with FDE. This study also showed that there was a significant and rapid decline in faecal coliform counts on pasture following effluent application. Keywords: faecal coliforms, farm dairy effluent, FDE, groundwater, nitrate leaching, pasture, soil

Land application of farm dairy effluent to a mole and pipe drained soil: implications for nutrient enrichment of winter-spring drainage

Soil Research ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Houlbrooke ◽  
D. J. Horne ◽  
M. J. Hedley ◽  
V. O. Snow ◽  
J. A. Hanly
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Enrichment ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Aquatic Weed ◽  
Dairy Effluent ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
Treated Effluent ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Farm Dairy Effluent

Spray irrigation of farm dairy effluent (FDE) to artificially drained land in accordance with deferred irrigation criteria causes minimal direct drainage of partially treated FDE at the time of irrigation. The influence of deferred irrigation of FDE on the subsequent nutrient enrichment of winter–spring drainage from mole and pipe systems is unknown. Research was conducted in the Manawatu region, New Zealand, to investigate the influence of deferred irrigation of FDE on the quality of water in artificial drainage. The experimental site was established on a Pallic soil (Tokomaru silt loam) at the No. 4 dairy farm at Massey University, Palmerston North. There were 6 plots (each 40 m by 40 m), each with an isolated mole and pipe drainage network. Four of the plots received fertiliser according to the farm’s fertiliser program (non-effluent plots), while the other 2 plots received applications of FDE according to the deferred irrigation scheduling criteria (effluent plots). All of the plots were subject to the farm’s standard grazing management.The average concentrations of N and P in the 2003 winter drainage (average 236 mm) from both the non-effluent and FDE irrigated plots were well above the threshold concentrations that stimulate aquatic weed growth in fresh water bodies. Annual nutrient losses of 31.4 kg N ha/year and 0.65 kg P ha/year in drainage were recorded for non-effluent plots. Deferred irrigation of FDE in the summer period did not increase the loss of N in winter–spring drainage (N loss from effluent plots was 31.1 kg N ha/year) but did cause a significant increase (P < 0.001) in total P in drainage (an additional 1.03 kg P/ha, c. 160% of losses from non-effluent plots, a loss of 3.3% of applied P). Furthermore, an irrigation of FDE to near-saturated soil in mid September resulted in the direct drainage of partially treated effluent, and hence, N and P concentrations in drainage were 6–10-fold greater than those that would normally be expected from drainage events induced by winter–spring rainfall. This illustrates the importance of scheduling FDE irrigation in accordance with deferred irrigation principles.

scholarly journals Coppiced hardwood trees for reuse of farm dairy effluent

2003 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 73-83
Author(s):  
V.O. Snow ◽  
L.E. Fung ◽  
S.E. Hurst ◽  
I.R. Mcivor ◽  
G.B. Douglas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Health ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Control Block ◽  
Dairy Effluent ◽  
Hardwood Trees ◽  
Farm Dairy Effluent ◽  
Set Up

Alternatives to the traditional treatment of effluent, irrigation back onto pasture, may prove valuable for farmers. Here we present the results from the first two years of a trial set up to test the potential of cut-and-carry coppiced hardwoods (poplars and willows) in taking up nitrogen from fresh effluent and providing fodder on a dairy farm. Three blocks each of Argyle poplars and Tangoio willows were planted as 1.2 m stakes on a dairy farm in southern Wairarapa in September 2001. One block of each species was irrigated with fresh farm dairy effluent at a high rate, about 5 mm per week, the second was irrigated at a low rate of about half that amount, and the third control block of each species was left unirrigated. The first coppicing, conducted in March 2002, yielded 6, 13, and 24 t DM/ha from the Willow-Control, -Low, and -High treatments. The corresponding yields from the poplar blocks were 6, 14, and 11 t DM/ha. The depressed yield of the Poplar- High was due to a rust infection. Growth was much slower in 2002/03 due to a cold October and dry summer. The yields were about a third of those measured in the previous year. The amount of nitrogen in the harvested biomass of the Willow- High treatment was 440 and 100 kg N/ha in the two years. Coppice blocks are likely to be most useful where the amount of land suitable for irrigation is limited, where there may be heightened concerns about the effects of nitrate leaching, or where wet weather storage of effluent is limited. The coppice blocks accumulate a large amount of animal fodder in late summer when many farms experience feed gaps and the fodder from coppice blocks may also have animal health benefits. Keywords: willow, poplar, forage crops

scholarly journals Investigating the potential of kale to remove soil potassium accumulated from farm dairy effluent application

2010 ◽  
pp. 263-267
Author(s):  
B.R. Thompson ◽  
D.R. Stevens ◽  
I. Knowles
Keyword(s):  
Side Effect ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Dairy Effluent ◽  
Soil Potassium ◽  
Effluent Irrigation ◽  
Farm Dairy Effluent

Potassium (K) build up in soils is a side effect of prolonged farm dairy effluent irrigation, and can result in animal health issues. A kale crop was planted to investigate its potential to take up K applied in farm dairy effluent.

Review of greenhouse gas emissions from the storage and land application of farm dairy effluent

2015 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Laubach ◽  
S Heubeck ◽  
C Pratt ◽  
KB Woodward ◽  
B Guieysse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Dairy Effluent ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Farm Dairy Effluent

INFLUENCE OF THE SYSTEM OF RICE INTENSIFICATION ON RICE YIELD AND NITROGEN AND WATER USE EFFICIENCY WITH DIFFERENT N APPLICATION RATES

2009 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
LIMEI ZHAO ◽  
LIANGHUAN WU ◽  
YONGSHAN LI ◽  
XINGHUA LU ◽  
DEFENG ZHU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
N Use Efficiency ◽  
System Of Rice Intensification ◽  
N Application ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Rice Intensification ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
N Rates ◽  
N Use

SUMMARYField experiments were conducted in 2005 and 2006 to investigate the impacts of alternative rice cultivation systems on grain yield, water productivity, N uptake and N use efficiency (ANUE, agronomic N use efficiency; PFP, partial factor productivity of applied N). The trials compared the practices used with the system of rice intensification (SRI) and traditional flooding (TF). The effects of different N application rates (0, 80, 160 and 240 kg ha−1) and of N rates interacting with the cultivation system were also evaluated. Resulting grain yields with SRI ranged from 5.6 to 7.3 t ha−1, and from 4.1 to 6.4 t ha−1 under TF management. On average, grain yields under SRI were 21% higher in 2005 and 22% higher in 2006 than with TF. Compared with TF, SRI plots had higher harvest index across four fertilizer N rates in both years. However, there was no significance difference in above-ground biomass between two cultivation systems in either year. ANUE was increased significantly under SRI at 80 kg N ha−1 compared with TF, while at higher N application rates, ANUE with SRI was significantly lower than TF. Compared with TF, PFP under SRI was higher across all four N rates in both years, although the difference at 240 kg N ha−1 was not significant. As N rate increased, the ANUE and PFP under both SRI and TF significantly decreased. Reduction in irrigation water use with SRI was 40% in 2005 and 47% in 2006, and water use efficiency, both total and from irrigation, were significantly increased compared to TF. With both SRI and TF, the highest N application was associated with decreases in grain yield, N use efficiency and water use efficiency. This is an important finding given current debates whether N application rates in China are above the optimum, especially considering consequences for soil and water resources. Cultivation system, N rates and their interactions all produced significant differences in this study. Results confirmed that optimizing fertilizer N application rates under SRI is important to increase yield, N use efficiency and water use efficiency.

Refining the New Zealand nitrous oxide emission factor for urea fertiliser and farm dairy effluent

2016 ◽  
Vol 222 ◽  
pp. 133-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.J. van der Weerden ◽  
N. Cox ◽  
J. Luo ◽  
H.J. Di ◽  
A. Podolyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Emission Factor ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emission ◽  
Dairy Effluent ◽  
Farm Dairy Effluent

scholarly journals Yield performance of upland rice cultivars at different rates and times of nitrogen application

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 475-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Hildernando Bezerra Barreto ◽  
Ismail Soares ◽  
José Almeida Pereira ◽  
Antonio Marcos Esmeraldo Bezerra ◽  
José Aridiano Lima de Deus
Keyword(s):  
Upland Rice ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
N Application ◽  
Yield Performance ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
N Rates

Nitrogen is the most important nutrient for rice (Oryza sativa L) yields. This study aimed to evaluate the response of upland rice cultivars to N rate and application times in a randomized block design, in subdivided plots with four replications. The studied factors were five rice cultivars (BRS MG Curinga, BRS Monarca, BRS Pepita, BRS Primavera, and BRS Sertaneja), three application times (100 % at planting, 50 % at planting - 50 % at tillering and 100 % at tillering) and four N rates (0, 50, 100, and 150 kg ha-1). All cultivars responded to increased rates and different times of N application, especially BRS Primavera and BRS Sertaneja, which were the most productive when 50 % N rates were applied at sowing and 50 % at tillering. The response of cultivar BRS Monarca to N fertilization was best when 100 % of the fertilizer was applied at tillering.

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