USE OF MODIFIED REAGENTS SOLUTIONS WHEN PREPARING DRINKING WATER

Currently, attention is paid to the intensification of the process of natural and wastewater treatment, improvement of technology, development of new effective methods of intensification of water treatment. This will simplify the existing technology of water treatment, reduce labor-intensive processes of preparation and dosing of reagents, reduce the cost of operating treatment plants, increase their productivity, improve quality and reduce the cost of treated water. Treatment of water with a modified coagulant solution allows to increase the hydraulic size of the coagulated suspension. The strongest effect of the modified coagulant solution has on the hydraulic suspension size of 0.2 mm/s and less, i.e. the smallest and the suspension, which is difficult to remove, which creates conditions for more intensive sedimentation in settling tanks and improve the quality of water clarification and fed to fast filters. It has been experimentally determined that the treatment of water with a modified solution of aluminum sulfate coagulant should be performed when the content of suspended solids in the clarified water is up to 100–150 mg / dm3. The color of the clarified water during treatment with a modified solution of aluminum sulfate coagulant does not depend on the content of suspended solids and is 1.5-1.6 times lower than the color than when using a conventional coagulant solution. It is established that the use of a modified solution of aluminum sulfate coagulant in water purification can reduce the residual aluminum content in clarified water by an average of 50-60%. The results of researches of the modified solutions of reagents which are used at preparation of drinking water are presented. It is established that water treatment with a modified solution of aluminum sulfate coagulant allows to improve the quality of drinking water preparation by suspended solids, color, reduce the content of aluminum salts in the clarified water, thereby increasing the environmental safety of drinking water.

Using sulfuric acid (H2SO4) for pH adjustment in water treatment

The aim of this paper is to explain the advantages of using sulfuric acid in Qarmat Ali water treatment plant belong to Basrah Oil Company, which produces water for injection into the Rumaila reservoirs. Sulfuric acid is a strong acid providing rapid and effective pH reduction. Maintaining the coagulation pH within the optimum value (6.4) by inject specific value of sulfuric acid to RAW water enhances the clarification performances by reducing the clarified water turbidity to minimum value (5.1). It was preferable for operating at a pH below the saturation pH to prevent the precipitation of minerals such as calcium carbonate which are contributing to blocking the surface filters installed downstream (auto back wash filters) and The clarifiers that cause increased the feed from 500 MBD to 1000 MBD. With a fast and rapid dissociation in Water, Sulfuric acid is an effective and practical way to lower the pH on Qarmat Ali plant which producing in excess of 1,000MBD of export water.

Improving the ecological safety of potato chips production by devising a method for wastewater treatment and recycling

The study deals with determining the effectiveness of mechanical and physical and chemical methods for the treatment of wastewater of potato chips enterprises. It was established that the wastewater that is formed at different stages of production differ in composition. Wastewater after washing and peeling potatoes is contaminated mainly with suspended soil substances of about 500 mg/l, which are not settled, and also has soluble organic substances with a value of COD of about 1,000 mg/l. It was found that the use of coagulation-flocculation treatment makes it possible to get clear water suitable for reuse for washing potatoes. Coagulant – aluminum sulfate in the amount of 250 mg/l turned out to be effective to destroy the stability of the dispersed system. To intensify the sedimentation of coagulated flakes of suspended particles, non-ionogenic flocculant, which is recommended to be dosed after the introduction of coagulant in the amount of 2.5 ml/l, was selected. Analysis of clarified water indicates a decrease in the concentration of suspended particles up to 26 mg/l and a decrease in COD and BOD5 to values of 262 mg/l and 176 mg/l, respectively. The completed studies made it possible to propose a circuit of treatment of wastewater after washing potatoes, which consists of pre-filtering, reagent treatment, water clarification, and sediment dehydration. This circuit makes it possible to intensively clean the water to the standards of its discharge into the sewage network. However, additional disinfection of water with oxidizers, for example, ozone, was proposed for the reuse of clarified water to wash vegetables at an enterprise itself. The use of the proposed circuit of intensive water treatment will allow increasing the environmental safety of the production of potato chips by preventing environmental contamination through reducing the volume of tap water consumption

Effect of the Addition of Flocculants and KCl on Sedimentation Rate of Spodumene Tailings

Lithium has become an element of great relevance in recent times, because among its various applications is the manufacture of batteries, and it is a vital part of the growing development of new products such as electric vehicles. On the other hand, the geographical distribution of lithium reserves is very heterogeneous. Of the existing minerals, only some of them are important sources of exploitation, such as the salt in South America, while in other countries mineral deposits such as spodumene stand out. The process for obtaining lithium from spodumene consists of concentrating up to 3% lithium by flotation. Because other minerals associated with this mineral are mainly silicates (feldspar, clays, quartz and micas), great problems are generated in the thickening stage. This article seeks to study the effect of the addition of flocculants and KCl on the sedimentation rate, in addition to studying its effects on the turbidity of the supernatant in different types of water. This is done by Batch sedimentation tests with tailings pulps, to later characterize both the pulp and the supernatant by means of the turbidity of the clarified water. Magnafloc-338 flocculant is the most convenient to use with industrial water, since it reaches a high sedimentation rate of 34.2, 37.44, and 45.36 m/h, with doses of 5, 10, and 15 g/t respectively, and a low turbidity rate (31 Formazin Nephelometric Units (FNU)) at low flocculant dosages.

DEVELOPMENT AND TESTING OF A HYDROCYCLONE SAND TRAP FOR MINI HPP

The goal of the project is to develop and use a hydrocyclone sand trap to improve the operation of a mini hydroelectric power station. In contrast to the existing design of a similar type of hydroelectric power station, a bulky sump for water purification has been replaced with an efficient hydrocyclone device. Due to this, a simplification of the design of the HPP is achieved, an increase in the degree of sand collection from the composition of the water used. Research methods. The initial data for the calculation were taken: the flow rate of water passing through the hydrocyclone and the pressure drop at the inlet and outlet of the hydrocyclone. Computer simulation of the process was carried out using the SolidWorks software (flow simulation). The main technological parameters and a rational mode of operation were established by testing experimental samples both in laboratory and in production conditions. Research results. In the established mode, the density of clarified water is equal to 1.009 ... 1.050 t / m3, and the degree of purification is 91 ... 97%. Replacing a bulky reinforced concrete sump with hydrocyclone sand traps of a simplified design reduces the cost of building a water treatment unit from 30% (existing) to 7%. This makes it possible to expand the volume of development of small hydroelectric power plants, especially in mountainous conditions.

Electrochemical conditioning of recycled flotation wastewater for flotation results improving

Flotation of minerals, an important part of the chain of metals production for our society, needs huge amounts of water. This industry can contribute to the sustainable use of water and circular economy development by utilizing its own production wastewater. However, reuse of clarified water without additional treatment may cause worsening of flotation results. Electrocoagulation of this water with mild steel sacrificial anodes, complemented by electroflotation is able to decrease the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) of the treated water, i.e. to remove at least partially the residual organic reagents. For the studied case 66 % of COD and nearly 32 % of DOC were removed by electrocoagulation with mild steel electrodes at energy consumption of 0, 458 kWh/m3. This warrants better results of lead-zinc flotation carried out with treated water, in comparison to the case of use of untreated water, and contributes to freshwater saving. Treated water ensured outcomes of lead-zinc flotation comparable to the results found at use of fresh tap water.

The Optimum of Detention Time on Flocculation Unit Using A Laboratory Scale Prototype

<strong>Abstract. </strong>Water used to meet the daily needs of human has different characteristics depending on the quality and amount of substances found in it. Turbidity can performance the quality of the water. The raw water used in this research comes from Kalimalang River. Coagulation and flocculation are one of the most important processes to remove the substances in raw water. Detention time is the main parameter for the flocculation process. <strong>Objectives. </strong>This research aims to find out the optimum of detention time in the flocculation prototype unit. <strong>Methods and result. </strong>Designing and assembling the flocculator lab-scale prototype using 20 cm of pipe diameter. Running the prototype and analysis the effect of detention time to the clarified water turbidity in 30 minutes of 1 Liter imhoff cone with raw water range 41-60 NTU in a long dry season. The result is the optimum clarified water turbidity is found in the 19,7 minutes detention time appropriate to the 41-60 NTU raw water turbidity range.<strong> Conclusion.</strong> The result shows, that the optimum detention time was obtained in 19,7 minutes for 41-60 NTU raw water turbidity range.

The Technology of Hydrodedusting of Coal Pits’ Auto Roads Using Purified Wastewater and Drainage Water

The experience of the Arshanovsky coal pit in solving the problem of rational water disposal is presented. A wastewater and drainage water treatment system is proposed that can significantly reduce the content of suspended particles in clarified water discharged after settling and filtering – up to 1.5–5 mg/dm3, while the effect of water clarification is more than 95 % with a sharp decrease in the content of cyclic hydrocarbons and organics. In order to determine effective directions, in laboratory conditions, rational parameters of nozzle hydrodedusting were determined for varying degrees of water dispersion using treated wastewater and drainage water. It is established that the most effective mode of operation of the fine-dispersed irrigation system with a nozzle diameter of 1.0 mm. The obtained parameters of finely dispersed irrigation can be adapted for irrigation vehicles.