scholarly journals General Development Strategies

1995 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 15-18
Author(s):  
A. Anon
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Cycling ◽  
Development Strategies ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
General Development ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Young Stock ◽  
Stock Feed

Having briefly described the high country in terms of its environment, potential pasture production, and suitability of particular pasture species, we need to consider development strategies for sustainable animal production. Important points are: Type of animal Provision of winter feed Land and management requirements to grow young stock Subdivision of land into its various natural units to firhi the year round stock feed requirements Efftcient use of fertilisers General strategies of pasture development using legumes, grasses and nutrient cycling.

3.2 The use of cultivated pastures for intensive animal production in developing countries

1981 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 105-143
Author(s):  
I. R. Lane
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Small Proportion ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
Natural Vegetation ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
A Site

At present, only a small proportion of livestock in developing countries are kept on cultivated pastures (Williamson and Payne, 1978).This paper is therefore more concerned with the intensification of the pasture production and the levels of animal production which may be achieved. In general, the pastures which may be cultivated in an area and the ways open for their utilization are related to the ecology of that area (Bogdan, 1977; Skerman, 1977). The factors which determine the natural vegetation to be found on a site, and the distribution of the major plant communities in developing countries, will therefore be reviewed first. Then, certain ecological zones which show promise for the intensification of pastures will be selected and, for each, some of the possible lines of development will be discussed.

scholarly journals Pasture production gains from strategic winter nitrogen applications on a North Island sheep and beef hill country farm

2008 ◽  
pp. 117-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.R. Puha ◽  
W.Mcg King ◽  
V.T. Burggraaf ◽  
A.H.C. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
Slope Aspect ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Hill Country ◽  
Late Autumn ◽  
Major Constraint ◽  
Key Words Nitrogen

Inadequate pasture growth from September to November has been a major constraint on animal production at Limestone Downs, Port Waikato. In an attempt to address this, urea was applied by air in two applications per year (late autumn + winter) at rates up to 250 kg N/ha/year for each of 3 years (2004-2007). Key words: nitrogen, slope, aspect, pasture growth, fertiliser response

scholarly journals COMMENTS ON THE GRAZING MANAGEMENT SESSION

1984 ◽  
pp. 207-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Milligan
Keyword(s):  
Management System ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
Grazing Management ◽  
Critical Levels ◽  
Research Environment ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Hill Country ◽  
Grazing Systems ◽  
Stocking Rates ◽  
Better Than

This collection of papers does four significant things: 1. It concentrates on hill country. 2. Precisely defines the research environment in pasture levels and animal production terms. One can clearly see the consequences in animal production at different times of the year when pre-grazing and residual herbage levels are defined and varied and to see the effects of different grazing systems at these pasture levels. Much better than high vs low stocking rates. 3. Attempts to set pature targets as well as animal production targets. 4. Defines critical pasture DM levels both below which pasture production is reduced, and above which control is lost. The proximity to these critical levels will, for a farmer, more precisely define the grazing management system he should adopt and the levels of animal production he should be able to achieve

The effect of proportion of sown grasses on pasture and animal production from fertilised pastures on the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales.

1985 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 88
Author(s):  
GG Robinson ◽  
PM Dowling
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Grazing Intensity ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Wool Production ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Natural Pasture

Pasture and animal production from fertilised pastures with varying proportions of sown grass (0-60%) were recorded and compared. The presence of sown grass increased pasture production when compared to natural pasture, but no difference was detected in liveweight or wool production between the var- ious pastures. It is doubtful whether sowing of introduced grasses for wool production can be justified at the levels of grazing intensity usually adopted on the Northern Tablelands.

THE CRIOLLO CATTLE PROJECT OF THE BRITISH TROPICAL AGRICULTURAL MISSION AND EL CENTRO DE INVESTIGACION AGRICOLA TROPICAL AS A MODEL OF INVESTIGATION AND DEVELOPMENT

1990 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 7-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
i.V. Wilkins
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Training Capacity ◽  
Agro Forestry ◽  
And Training ◽  
Overseas Development

The British Tropical -Agricultural Mission (BTAM) is a unit of the overseas Development Administration and consists of a group of eight to ten specialists in the fields of soil management, agronomy, plant protection, sociology, ecology, economics, animal production, pasture production and agro-forestry, working in a supportive and training capacity with the Bolivian Centro de Investigaci6n Agricola Tropical (CIAT), since its formation in 1976.

The effect of Leucaena leucocephala on liveweight gain, thyroid size and thyroxine levels of steers in south-eastern Queensland

1984 ◽  
Vol 24 (124) ◽  
pp. 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
RM Jones ◽  
RJ Jones
Keyword(s):  
Leucaena Leucocephala ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Commercial Use ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Early Autumn ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Setaria Sphacelata ◽  
Size Of Animals ◽  
Stocking Rates

Animal and pasture production were measured from 1975 to 1980 on pastures based on Leucaena leucocephala cv. Cunningham or cv. Peru, with Setaria sphacelata, at Samford, south-eastern Queensland. Pastures were rotationally grazed with stocking rates ranging throughout the year from 1.3 beasts/ha (winter) to 4.0 beasts/ha (summer). The cv. Cunningham pastures produced 427 kg liveweight gain/ha .year, and the cv. Peru pastures 358 kg/ha . year. The productivity of leucaena and its percentage in the diet of animals was consistently higher with cv. Cunningham than with cv. Peru. The average thyroid size of animals grazing year long was 50 and 147 g for cv. Peru and cv. Cunningham pastures (normal weights being � 25 g) although thyroxine levels measured in early autumn were never suggestive of serious thyroxine deficiency. Thus the higher productivity and consumption of leucaena on cv. Cunningham pastures, due to a higher density of plants and greater productivity per plant, resulted in better animal production than was obtained from cv. Peru pastures, despite the thyroid enlargement of animals grazing cv. Cunningham. It is concluded that there is potential for commercial use of leucaena-based pastures in subtropical eastern Australia.

A long-term study of superphosphate and stocking rate on sheep production and plant and soil characteristics in central west New South Wales

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 433 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Lloyd Davies ◽  
J. D. McFarlane ◽  
O. L. P. de Oliveira ◽  
G. W. King ◽  
J. W. James
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
New South ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Sheep Production

Summary. The effect of 4 rates of superphosphate application (250 kg/ha. year, 125 kg/ha. year, 125 kg/ha every 2 years or 125 kg/ha every 4 years) and a low and high stocking rate (3.6 and 5.4 ewes/ha, 1980–86; and 4.0 and 7.0 ewes/ha, 1986–89) on sheep liveweight, fleece weight, lamb weaning weight, pasture production and botanical composition, soil pH, soil phosphorus, manganese and aluminium concentrations were measured on a Phalaris aquatica–subterranean clover pasture at Stuart Town, New South Wales. Only when 250 kg/ha of superphosphate had been applied annually was there a higher level of soil phosphorus than with the other 3 systems. None of the treatments affected soil pH, soil manganese or aluminium. There were large year effects and individual plot effects on pasture and sheep production but neither the superphosphate rates nor stocking rate significantly affected pasture or animal production. It was concluded that over a 9-year period the application of 125 kg/ha in alternate years can maintain adequate soil phosphorus levels, and satisfactory pasture and animal production on the central tablelands of New South Wales.

Animal production from a Sorghum almum pasture in south-east Queensland

1964 ◽  
Vol 4 (15) ◽  
pp. 326 ◽  
Author(s):  
JJ Yates ◽  
LA Edye ◽  
JG Davis ◽  
KP Haydock
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Close Relation ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
No Production ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Green Material

A grazing experiment on Sorghum almum pastures, one of which received 200 lb nitrogen an acre a year, as urea, was carried out at Lawes in south-east Queensland. Pastures were grazed continuously at three set stocking rates : 1 beast to 1 1/2 acres, 1 beast per acre, and 2 beasts per acre. Grazing commenced 3 1/2 months after sowing and continued for two years. Mean liveweight production over the whole period at the medium stocking rate of one beast per acre was 0.92 lb a head a day. Production was closely related to stocking rate : gain per head decreased and production per acre increased as stocking rate increased. Nitrogen fertilizer increased animal production at the heaviest stocking rate. Seasonal pattern of animal production was influenced by stocking rate, but, in general, a winter--early spring period of small gains or losses of weight was followed by a rapid increase in late spring--early summer, with the rate of gain decreasing from mid-summer onwards. This followed the seasonal pattern of pasture production : little or no production over the cool dry winter, but high yields of forage during summer. No close relation was detected between liveweight gain and green forage available in the period of rapid increase in liveweight. During the phase of declining pasture and animal production, liveweight increment was related to available pasture expressed as green material minus S. almum stem. Crude protein content of unfertilized S. almum varied from 15 per cent for green material in spring to 2.5 per cent for the dry forage available in winter. Urea increased both yield and protein content.

scholarly journals CROWN RUST AND PASTURE PRODUCTION

1968 ◽  
pp. 127-136
Author(s):  
J.A. Lancashire ◽  
G.C.M. Latch
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Cycling ◽  
Crown Rust ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Grazing Systems ◽  
Grassland Research ◽  
Pasture Plants

THERE is much information available on New Zealand's grasslands which indicates the vast difference between various theoretical plant (Mitchell, 1963) and animal (Hutton, 1963) production potentials and what is actually achieved in practice. Although these potentials are often regarded with scepticism, the fact remains that many research and demonstration farms and top farmers now produce quantities of animal products per acre which would have appeared ridiculously high a few years ago. Further, much grassland research is concerned with the identification of factors limiting the attainment of these potentials, as shown by work on treading (Edmond, 1966), nutrient cycling under grazing systems (Sears, 1953), and the optimum stage and intensity of defoliation of pasture plants (Brougham, 1961).

scholarly journals The ryegrass endophyte in a cool moist environment

1992 ◽  
pp. 157-160
Author(s):  
J.P.J.Eerens D.L. Ryan ◽  
K.B. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Summer Rainfall ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Grazing Experiment ◽  
Dry Areas ◽  
Moist Environment ◽  
Environmental Requirements ◽  
The Impact

A field grazing experiment studying the impact of the ryegrass endophyte (Acremonium lolii) in a cool moist environment, was carried out at AgResearch regional station in Gore Southland. Four types of pasture were established, high (+E) and low (-E) endophyte ryegrass were sown with (+C) or without (-C) clover. The endophyte had no significant effect on the establishment of the pastures, neither did it affect total pasture production nor pasture composition. The presence of clover in pastures had a greater impact (30%) on animal production than did the presence of endophyte (6%). Mean daily weight gains over 3 years for lambs were 187,183,145 and 132 g/day for -E+C,+E+C, -E and +E respectively. Lambs grazing endophytic pasw genemlly had higher levels of dags. However, ryegrass staggers occurred only in the year with below average summer rainfall. Not all the conditions necessary to induce ryegrass staggers are therefore required to expose livestock to other deleterious effects of endophyte. A detailed study into the environmental requirements for the production of endophyte related toxins is required. The findings reported here significantly differ from findings in summer dry areas. Keywords Acremonium, animal production, Argentine stem weevil, endophyte, Lolium perenne, Southland, Trifolium repens

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