Leaf surface and endophytic fungi associated with onion leaves and their antagonistic activity against Alternaria porri.

2015 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sobhy I. I. Abdel-Hafez ◽  
Kamal A. M. Abo-Elyousr ◽  
Ismail R. Abdel-Rahim
Keyword(s):  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Alternaria Porri

Morphology of infection of onion leaves by Alternaria porri

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (8) ◽  
pp. 1164-1170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theresa A. S. Aveling ◽  
Heidi G. Snyman ◽  
F. H. J. Rijkenberg
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Epidermal Cell ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Infection Process ◽  
Mesophyll Cells ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Alternaria Porri ◽  
Infected Cells ◽  
Germ Tubes

Conidial germination of Alternaria porri, formation of prepenetration structures, penetration of the onion leaf surface, and the postpenetration processes were studied using light, scanning electron, and transmission electron microscopy. Ninety-six percent of conidia germinated at 25 °C within 24 h of inoculation. Each conidium formed several germ tubes that grew in any direction across the leaf surface. Each germ tube usually terminated in a bulbous appressorium formed directly on the epidermal cell (52.4% of appressoria) or on a stoma (48.6% of appressoria). Following direct penetration of the outer epidermal cell wall or the stoma, bulbous primary hyphae developed below the appressoria. Secondary hyphae developed from the primary hyphae within 48 h after inoculation and grew within the intercellular spaces penetrating mesophyll cells. The changes in ultrastructure of cells in close proximity to hyphae and of infected cells are described. Key words: Allium cepa, electron microscopy, infection process, purple blotch.

scholarly journals Screening and characterization of endophytic fungi as antagonistic agents toward Fusarium oxysporum on eggplant (Solanum melongena)

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1377-1384
Author(s):  
FAJAR RAHMAH NURAINI ◽  
RATNA SETYANINGSIH ◽  
ARI SUSILOWATI
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Agar Plug

Nuraini FR, Setyaningsih R, Susilowati A. 2017. Screening and characterization of endophytic fungi as antagonistic agents toward Fusarium oxysporum on eggplant (Solanum melongena). Biodiversitas 18: 1377-1384. Fusarium oxysporum is a soil borne pathogenic fungus that causes wilt disease in members of the family Solanaceae including the eggplant (Solanum melongena L.). One approach to resolving the problem of wilt disease in eggplant is to find endophytic microbes with antagonistic activity against F. oxysporum. The study reported here aimed to isolate such endophytic fungal antagonists from growing eggplants, to determine their antagonistic mechanisms, and to identify them. Samples of pathogenic fungi from diseased plants, assumed to be F. oxysporum, were obtained from the Laboratory of Plant Pests and Diseases of the Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta. These were used to evaluate the antagonistic potential of endophytic fungi obtained from healthy eggplants in Dawung Village, Matesih, Karanganyar, Central Java. Specimens of various plant parts were collected from the healthy eggplants. The surfaces of these samples were sterilized for four minutes to remove contaminants, and then crushed excisions were cultured on a potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium. Antagonistic tests between endophytic and pathogenic fungi used the agar plug diffusion technique. Identification of fungi isolates was carried out on the basis of morphological characteristics. Six endophytic fungi isolated had antagonist activity against F. oxysporum. The antagonistic mechanism of FEB1, FEB2, FEB5 and FED1 was competition; FED2 was antibiosis, and FED3 was parasitism. Based on their morphological characteristics, FEB2, FEB5 and FED3 were identified as Helicomyces spp.; FEB1 was a Rhizopus sp.; FED1 was a Mucor sp.; and FED2 was a species of Penicillium.

scholarly journals Endophytic fungal isolation from Blumea axillaris: Identification and biological activity of secondary metabolites

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 10953
Author(s):  
Nehru LAVANYA ◽  
Vellingiri MANON MANI ◽  
Nachimuthu SARANYA ◽  
Rajendran DEEPAKKUMAR ◽  
Kathirvel PREETHI
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Fungal Isolation ◽  
Sordaria Fimicola ◽  
Phomopsis Phaseoli

Medicinal plants are a wealthy source of natural medicinal properties and remain as base for new drug discoveries. Endophyte from the specific medicinal plants produce the analogous metabolites as that of the host plant. The metabolites from the endophytes comprise maximum therapeutic properties and have been extensively applied in treating various diseases and disorders. This study was focused on identification of the endophytic fungi from the medicinal plant Blumea axillaris and investigates the diversity of endophytic fungi from various explants of the same plant. The explants were cultured on potato dextrose agar and 6 endophytic fungi were successfully isolated from Blumea axillaris. They were identified morphologically and confirmed with molecular analysis as Xylaria arbuscula, Paraphoma radicina, Phomopsis phaseoli, Sordaria fimicola, Aspergillus amstelodami, Diaporthe eucalyptorum. The DNA sequences were analyzed by BLAST and the phylogenetic tree was constructed with neighbor joining method. The six isolates were subjected to antagonistic activity for the selection of potential strain and the bioactive strain Xylaria arbuscula was selected for the production of secondary metabolites by optimization. The parameters like pH, temperature, incubation period, carbon and nitrogen (organic and inorganic source) were optimized for secondary metabolite production. The fungal metabolite was extracted by solvent extraction method using polar and non-polar solvents like propanol, methanol, chloroform, acetone and ethyl acetate. To investigate the bioactivities of the fungal crude extract was subjected first for its antioxidant activity using DPPH radical scavenging method, followed by antimicrobial activity of methanolic (MeOH) extract of Xylaria arbuscula, that were also analyzed by the agar well-diffusion method against the clinical pathogens Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pnuemoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans.

scholarly journals Antagonistic Activity of Fungal Endophytes Isolated from Garcinia atroviridis against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 209
Author(s):  
Nur Afeeqah Binti Mohamed Zanudin ◽  
Nor'Aishah Hasan ◽  
Patahayah Binti Mansor
Keyword(s):  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Plant Disease ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Antagonistic Microorganisms ◽  
Culture Growth ◽  
Biocontrol Potential

The extensive use of synthetic fungicides in controlling plant disease generates detrimental impacts on the environment and human health. In response to this problem, an alternative method was developed, known as biological control using antagonistic microorganisms. Since investigation on fungal endophytes of Garcinia atroviridis is still unclear, it was chosen for the study. The aim of the present work was to evaluate biocontrol potential of endophytic fungi against Colletotrichum gloeosporiodes, a phytopathogen that caused anthracnose disease. A total of 92 endophytic fungi were isolated from different tissue parts of Garcinia atroviridis including leaves, petioles, branches, and fruits. Results demonstrated that, most of endophytic fungal isolates showed some inhibitory action over the growth of C. gloeosporiodes during dual culture growth. Endophyte isolate F14 showed the highest antagonistic activity against Colletotrichum gloeosporiodes with 67.38% percentage inhibition radial growth (PIRG). However, 7 out of 92 isolates showed no inhibitory effect against Colletotrichum gloeosporiodes. In conclusion, endophytic fungi isolated from G. atroviridis indicate the potential as biocontrol agents. It is hoped that the finding of isolated endophytic fungi in this study with antagonistic activity against anthracnose pathogen may be used in biocontrol programmes of plant disease in the region.

scholarly journals In vitro Antagonistic Activity of Endophytic Fungi Isolated from Shirazi Thyme (Zataria multiflora Boiss.) against Monosporascus cannonballus

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-383
Author(s):  
RAHIL SAID AL-BADI ◽  
THAMODINI GAYA KARUNASINGHE ◽  
ABDULLAH MOHAMMED AL-SADI ◽  
ISSA HASHIL AL-MAHMOOLI ◽  
RETHINASAMY VELAZHAHAN
Keyword(s):  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Zataria Multiflora ◽  
Monosporascus Cannonballus ◽  
Isolation And Characterization

Endophytic fungi viz., Nigrospora sphaerica (E1 and E6), Subramaniula cristata (E7), and Polycephalomyces sinensis (E8 and E10) were isolated from the medicinal plant, Shirazi thyme (Zataria multiflora). In in vitro tests, these endophytes inhibited the mycelial growth of Monosporascus cannonballus, a plant pathogenic fungus. Morphological abnormalities in the hyphae of M. cannonballus at the edge of the inhibition zone in dual cultures with N. sphaerica were observed. The culture filtrates of these endophytes caused leakage of electrolytes from the mycelium of M. cannonballus. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the isolation and characterization of fungal endophytes from Z. multiflora as well as their antifungal effect on M. cannonballus.

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