scholarly journals Screening and characterization of endophytic fungi as antagonistic agents toward Fusarium oxysporum on eggplant (Solanum melongena)

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1377-1384
Author(s):  
FAJAR RAHMAH NURAINI ◽  
RATNA SETYANINGSIH ◽  
ARI SUSILOWATI
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Agar Plug

Nuraini FR, Setyaningsih R, Susilowati A. 2017. Screening and characterization of endophytic fungi as antagonistic agents toward Fusarium oxysporum on eggplant (Solanum melongena). Biodiversitas 18: 1377-1384. Fusarium oxysporum is a soil borne pathogenic fungus that causes wilt disease in members of the family Solanaceae including the eggplant (Solanum melongena L.). One approach to resolving the problem of wilt disease in eggplant is to find endophytic microbes with antagonistic activity against F. oxysporum. The study reported here aimed to isolate such endophytic fungal antagonists from growing eggplants, to determine their antagonistic mechanisms, and to identify them. Samples of pathogenic fungi from diseased plants, assumed to be F. oxysporum, were obtained from the Laboratory of Plant Pests and Diseases of the Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta. These were used to evaluate the antagonistic potential of endophytic fungi obtained from healthy eggplants in Dawung Village, Matesih, Karanganyar, Central Java. Specimens of various plant parts were collected from the healthy eggplants. The surfaces of these samples were sterilized for four minutes to remove contaminants, and then crushed excisions were cultured on a potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium. Antagonistic tests between endophytic and pathogenic fungi used the agar plug diffusion technique. Identification of fungi isolates was carried out on the basis of morphological characteristics. Six endophytic fungi isolated had antagonist activity against F. oxysporum. The antagonistic mechanism of FEB1, FEB2, FEB5 and FED1 was competition; FED2 was antibiosis, and FED3 was parasitism. Based on their morphological characteristics, FEB2, FEB5 and FED3 were identified as Helicomyces spp.; FEB1 was a Rhizopus sp.; FED1 was a Mucor sp.; and FED2 was a species of Penicillium.

scholarly journals First Report of Occurrence of Eggplant Wilt Caused by Verticillium dahliae in Korea

Plant Disease ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (10) ◽  
pp. 1152-1152
Author(s):  
S. K. Kim ◽  
S. S. Hong ◽  
K. W. Kim ◽  
E. W. Park
Keyword(s):  
Verticillium Dahliae ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
First Report ◽  
Vascular Tissues ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Pathogenicity Tests ◽  
Root Cutting

A wilt disease occurred on greenhouse-grown eggplants (Solanum melongena L.) at Hanam and Yeojoo, Korea, in 1997. Lower leaves on the 2-month-old wilted eggplants exhibited gradual yellowing, interveinal necrosis, and marginal crinkling and dropped prematurely. Vascular tissues of diseased stems were discolored and turned black. Vertical sections of the stems revealed that the pith had been colonized by the fungus. The disease progressed from lower parts of the plants upward. Incidence of diseased eggplants in greenhouses was 5% on 23 May 1997. Although the incidence increased to 10% on 13 June, it remained constant through early July. Fungal isolates from discolored vascular tissues were initially whitish to cream color on potato-dextrose agar, which turned black due to the formation of microsclerotia. The fungus also produced abundant verticillate conidiophores with phialides and conidia. Based on these cultural and morphological characteristics, the fungus was identified as Verticillium dahliae Klebahn. Pathogenicity tests by root cutting, root dipping, or soil drenching resulted in similar symptoms observed in the naturally infected eggplants. Symptoms were first observed on lower leaves of each eggplant 3 weeks after inoculation. Isolation from symptomatic leaves of the inoculated eggplants yielded V. dahliae. This is the first report of occurrence of Verticillium wilt of eggplant in Korea.

scholarly journals Recovery of Fusarium oxysporum Fo47 Mutants Affected in Their Biocontrol Activity After Transposition of the Fot1 Element

2002 ◽  
Vol 92 (9) ◽  
pp. 936-945 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Trouvelot ◽  
Chantal Olivain ◽  
Ghislaine Recorbet ◽  
Quirico Migheli ◽  
Claude Alabouvette
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Insertional Mutagenesis ◽  
Wild Type Strain ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Phenotypic Characterization ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Biocontrol Activity

To investigate the biocontrol mechanisms by which the antagonistic Fusarium oxysporum strain Fo47 is active against Fusarium wilt, a Fot1 transposon-mediated insertional mutagenesis approach was adopted to generate mutants affected in their antagonistic activity. Ninety strains in which an active Fot1 copy had transposed were identified with a phenotypic assay for excision and tested for their biocontrol activity against F. oxysporum f. sp. lini on flax in greenhouse experiments. Sixteen strains were affected in their capacity to protect flax plants, either positively (more antagonistic than Fo47) or negatively (less antagonistic). The molecular characterization of these mutants confirms the excision of Fot1 and its reinsertion in most of the cases. Moreover, we demonstrate that other transposable elements such as Fot2, impala, and Hop have no transposition activity in the mutant genomes. The phenotypic characterization of these mutants shows that they are affected neither in their in vitro growth habit nor in their competitiveness in soil compared with wild-type strain Fo47. These results show that mutants are not impaired in their saprophytic phase and suggest that the altered biocontrol phenotype should likely be expressed during the interaction with the host plant.

scholarly journals Biocontrol potential of Trichoderma harzianum in controlling wilt disease of pistachio caused by Verticillium dahliae

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeinab Fotoohiyan ◽  
Saeed Rezaee ◽  
Gholam Hosein Shahidi Bonjar ◽  
Amir Hossein Mohammadi ◽  
Mohammad Moradi
Keyword(s):  
Verticillium Dahliae ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Volatile Metabolites ◽  
Biocontrol Potential

Abstract Verticillium wilt caused by Verticillium dahliae, is one of the most devastating diseases in pistachio orchards in the world including Iran. In search for an effective non-chemical strategy for the management of this disease, we evaluated the biocontrol potential of Trichoderma harzianum isolates obtained from the rhizosphere of healthy pistachio trees in different locations of the Kerman province of Iran against V. dahliae under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. Dual culture tests in the laboratory were conducted in a completely randomized design using 72 T. harzianum isolates. Twenty isolates showed the highest in vitro antagonistic activity. The results indicated that all 20 isolates were capable of inhibiting the mycelial growth of V. dahliae significantly. Among them, isolates Tr8 and Tr19 were the most effective by 88.89% and 85.12% inhibition, respectively. Extracted cell free metabolites of all effective isolates also inhibited the growth of V. dahliae in the culture medium significantly. According to the results, isolates Tr4 and Tr6 inhibited fungal pathogen growth by 94.94% and 88.15% respectively, through production of non-volatile metabolites. In the evaluation of volatile metabolites, isolates Tr5 and Tr4 were the most effective by 26.27% and 24.49% growth inhibition, respectively. Based on the results of the in vitro experiments, the five most effective isolates were selected for evaluation under greenhouse conditions for their biocontrol potential in controlling Verticillium wilt of pistachio. Results of the greenhouse, (in vivo) experiments were positive and indicated that the occurrence of wilt disease in plants treated with the antagonists alone or in combination with pathogenic fungus was lower than in plants inoculated with pathogen alone. The overall results of this study suggest that Trichoderma fungal antagonist may be an effective biocontrol agent for the control of Verticillium wilt of pistachio.

scholarly journals Endophytic Fungi from Four Indonesian Medicinal Plants and Their Inhibitory Effect on Plant Pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 152
Author(s):  
Nampiah Sukarno ◽  
Rohani Cinta Badia Ginting ◽  
Utut Widyastuti ◽  
Latifah Kosim Darusman ◽  
Sihegiko Kanaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Centella Asiatica ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Inhibition Activity ◽  
Guazuma Ulmifolia ◽  
Curcuma Xanthorrhiza

The medicinal plants Centella asiatica, Curcuma xanthorrhiza, Guazuma ulmifolia, and Hydrocotyle verticillata are widely used  in Indonesian traditional medicine, but little is known about their associated endophytic fungi. This research aimed to study the diversity of endophytic fungi derived from functional parts of these plants and to evaluate their potential as antifungal agents against the plant pathogenic fungus Fusarium oxysporum. A total of 17 isolates of endophytic fungi were obtained: nine from leaves of G. ulmifolia, three each from leaves of C. asiatica and H. verticillata, and two from rhizomes of C. xanthorrhiza. The genus Colletotrichum was found in all plants studied, but each plant was associated with different species. Colletotrichum aeschynomenes was associated with C. xanthorrhiza, C. siamense was associated with C. asiatica, and C. tropicale was associated with G. ulmifolia and H. verticillata. The species Curvularia affinis, Diaporthe tectonae, Lasiodiplodia mahajangana, Parengyodontium album, Talaromyces trachyspermus, and Speiropsis pedatospora were found only in G. ulmifolia; while Didymella coffeae-arabicae and Muyocopron laterale were found only in H. verticillata. The endophytic fungi showed inhibition activity against F. oxysporum with inhibition values of 6.0-78.9%, T. trachyspermus JBd10 and C. affinis JBd14 gave the highest inhibition activity.

scholarly journals Isolation of Endophytic Fungi from Vitex trifolia L and Antagonism Test against Sclerotium rolfsii and pathogenic bacteria

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
Muhammad Hasan Basri ◽  
Lalu Zulkifli ◽  
Abdul Syukur
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Environmental Friendly ◽  
Low Activity

Plant damage by pathogenic fungi is often found in plants, one of which is caused by Sclerotium rolfsii. Biological control strategy offers a promising alternative for managing disease in plants because they are environmental friendly compared to pesticides application. One of the biological control offered is by using endophytic fungi isolated from Vitex trivolia L. The aim of the study was to isolate, to identify macroscopic and microscopic endophytic fungi from Vitex trifolia L and to test their antagonism potency against the pathogenic fungus Sclerotium rolfsii in vitro. The isolation obtained 7 endophytic fungi isolates identified based on their genus characteristics, nsmely Periconia sp, Aspergillussp, Dendrophoma  sp, Geotrichum  sp, Ampulliferina  sp, Chalara  sp, dan Bispora sp and 2 isolates have not been identified. The Antibacterial test of the fungi isolate on the 4 tested bacteria showed that of all the fungi isolate have low activity. The antagonism test using the direct opposition method with the PIRG formula, showed that the 3 isolates had high percentage of growth inhibition, in which ALJ1, BLJ5, and ALJ3 isolate has  85%, 90%, and 100% respectively. This potency could be used as biological agents on the pathogenic fungus Sclerotium rolfsii.

scholarly journals SURVEY ON THE INCIDENCE OF FUSARIUM WILT OF TOMATO INCITED BY FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM F.SP. LYCOPERSICI (FOL) IN MAJOR TOMATO GROWING AREAS OF KRISHNAGIRI DISTRICT

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (supplemenet 1) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Vignesh ◽  
K. Rajamohan ◽  
P. Balabaskar ◽  
R. Anandan ◽  
R. Udhayakumar
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Tomato Seedlings ◽  
Collar Region ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Wilt Incidence

Tomato is one of the most important, commercial and widely grown vegetable crop in the world. It is affected by several fungal, bacterial and viral diseases. Among these Fusarium wilt caused by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici causes 30-40% yield loss. A survey was conducted to investigate the incidence and severity of Fusarium wilt incited by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici in ten major tomato growing areas of Krishnagiri district. The occurrence of wilt disease incidence ranged from 18 % to 49% was noticed. Plant showing typical symptoms were taken from 10 fields and identified based on symptom appearance as well as morphological characteristics. The result of the survey revealed that wide range of infection and severity of wilt disease were occurred in the major tomato growing areas in Krishnagiri district. Isolation of the pathogen associated with tomato wilt was made from the diseased tissues in roots and collar region of the plant on the Potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium. Fol3 recorded the maximum wilt incidence followed by Fol4 and the minimum wilt incidence was recorded by Fol6 . The pathogenicity of the fungal pathogen was also proved after artificial inoculation of the tomato seedlings

scholarly journals ANTAGONISTIC TEST OF RIAU LOCAL FUNGAL ISOLATES AGAINST SOME PATHOGENIC IN CULTIVATED PLANTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-132
Author(s):  
Nia Safitri ◽  
Atria Martina ◽  
Rodesia Mustika Roza
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Trichoderma Sp

Tanaman budi daya merupakan tanaman yang sering diserang oleh cendawan pathogen, sehingga mengakibatkan penurunan populasi dan produksi tanaman. Pengendalian hayati dengan cendawan antagonis merupakan salah satu metode yang paling efektif dan lebih ramah lingkungan dalam menekan pertumbuhan patogen tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji aktivitas antagonis cendawan isolat lokal Riau terhadap beberapa cendawan patogen pada tanaman budi daya. Uji antagonis dilakukan secara in vitro dengan metode dual culture menggunakan lima belas cendawan isolat lokal Riau terhadap Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici, Ganoderma philippii, G. boninense, Rigidoporus microporus dan Colletotrichum sansevieria. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Trichoderma sp. PNE 4 memiliki aktivitas antagonis tertinggi dan isolat FER C1 serta isolat LLB07 hanya memiliki aktivitas antagonis yang tinggi dalam menekan pertumbuhan cendawan patogen. Trichoderma sp. PNE 4 mampu menghambat pertumbuhan miselium F. oxysporum sebesar 85,30%, G. Philippii (100%), G. boninense (100%), dan C. sansevieria (100%). Isolat FER C1 hanya menghambat R. Microporus (50,39%) dan isolat LLB07 menghambat G. philippii (52,20%). Trichoderma sp. PNE 4 merupakan cendawan uji yang terpilih sebagai cendawan antagonis, karena memiliki kemampuan daya hambat  >70%.Abstract Cultivated plants are often attacked by pathogenic fungi resulting in a decline of population and crop production. Biocontrol with antagonistic fungi is one of the most effective and environmentally friendly methods in suppressing the growth of plant pathogens. This study aims to examine the antagonistic activity of local isolates fungi Riau against some pathogenic fungi on cultivated plants. The antagonistic test was performed in vitro by dual culture method using fifteen local isolates fungal Riau against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici, Ganoderma philippii, G. boninense, Rigidoporus microporus and Colletotrichum sansevieria. The results showed that Trichoderma sp. PNE 4 isolate exhibited highest activites and  FER C1 and LLB07 isolates exhibited high activities suppressed the growth of the fungal pathogen. Trichoderma sp. PNE 4 isolate inhibited mycelial growth F. oxysporum (85.30%), G. philippii (100%), G. boninense (100%) and C. sansevieria (100%). FER C1 isolate only inhibited R. microporus (50.39%), and LLB07 isolate inhibited G. philippii (52.20%). Trichoderma sp. PNE 4 isolate is test isolates as fungal antagonistic.

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