scholarly journals Antagonistic Activity of Fungal Endophytes Isolated from Garcinia atroviridis against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 209
Author(s):  
Nur Afeeqah Binti Mohamed Zanudin ◽  
Nor'Aishah Hasan ◽  
Patahayah Binti Mansor
Keyword(s):  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Plant Disease ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Antagonistic Microorganisms ◽  
Culture Growth ◽  
Biocontrol Potential

The extensive use of synthetic fungicides in controlling plant disease generates detrimental impacts on the environment and human health. In response to this problem, an alternative method was developed, known as biological control using antagonistic microorganisms. Since investigation on fungal endophytes of Garcinia atroviridis is still unclear, it was chosen for the study. The aim of the present work was to evaluate biocontrol potential of endophytic fungi against Colletotrichum gloeosporiodes, a phytopathogen that caused anthracnose disease. A total of 92 endophytic fungi were isolated from different tissue parts of Garcinia atroviridis including leaves, petioles, branches, and fruits. Results demonstrated that, most of endophytic fungal isolates showed some inhibitory action over the growth of C. gloeosporiodes during dual culture growth. Endophyte isolate F14 showed the highest antagonistic activity against Colletotrichum gloeosporiodes with 67.38% percentage inhibition radial growth (PIRG). However, 7 out of 92 isolates showed no inhibitory effect against Colletotrichum gloeosporiodes. In conclusion, endophytic fungi isolated from G. atroviridis indicate the potential as biocontrol agents. It is hoped that the finding of isolated endophytic fungi in this study with antagonistic activity against anthracnose pathogen may be used in biocontrol programmes of plant disease in the region.

scholarly journals Biocontrol potential of Trichoderma harzianum in controlling wilt disease of pistachio caused by Verticillium dahliae

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeinab Fotoohiyan ◽  
Saeed Rezaee ◽  
Gholam Hosein Shahidi Bonjar ◽  
Amir Hossein Mohammadi ◽  
Mohammad Moradi
Keyword(s):  
Verticillium Dahliae ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Volatile Metabolites ◽  
Biocontrol Potential

Abstract Verticillium wilt caused by Verticillium dahliae, is one of the most devastating diseases in pistachio orchards in the world including Iran. In search for an effective non-chemical strategy for the management of this disease, we evaluated the biocontrol potential of Trichoderma harzianum isolates obtained from the rhizosphere of healthy pistachio trees in different locations of the Kerman province of Iran against V. dahliae under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. Dual culture tests in the laboratory were conducted in a completely randomized design using 72 T. harzianum isolates. Twenty isolates showed the highest in vitro antagonistic activity. The results indicated that all 20 isolates were capable of inhibiting the mycelial growth of V. dahliae significantly. Among them, isolates Tr8 and Tr19 were the most effective by 88.89% and 85.12% inhibition, respectively. Extracted cell free metabolites of all effective isolates also inhibited the growth of V. dahliae in the culture medium significantly. According to the results, isolates Tr4 and Tr6 inhibited fungal pathogen growth by 94.94% and 88.15% respectively, through production of non-volatile metabolites. In the evaluation of volatile metabolites, isolates Tr5 and Tr4 were the most effective by 26.27% and 24.49% growth inhibition, respectively. Based on the results of the in vitro experiments, the five most effective isolates were selected for evaluation under greenhouse conditions for their biocontrol potential in controlling Verticillium wilt of pistachio. Results of the greenhouse, (in vivo) experiments were positive and indicated that the occurrence of wilt disease in plants treated with the antagonists alone or in combination with pathogenic fungus was lower than in plants inoculated with pathogen alone. The overall results of this study suggest that Trichoderma fungal antagonist may be an effective biocontrol agent for the control of Verticillium wilt of pistachio.

scholarly journals Investigation of antagonistic activities of actinomycetes isolated from Cuc Phuong and Ba Be National Parks against four plant pathogenic fungi

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 527-535
Author(s):  
Nguyen Thi Van ◽  
Dinh Thi Ngoc Mai ◽  
Le Thi Hoang Yen ◽  
Nguyen Hong Minh ◽  
Nguyen Kim Nu Thao
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Phytophthora Capsici ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Antagonistic Microorganisms ◽  
Alternaria Sp

Fungal diseases are a huge problem in agriculture, causing serious damage to annual crop yields worldwide. In order to control fungal pathogens in plants, using antagonistic microorganisms is a common approach, especially actinomycetes, as biocontrols considered to be very potential and safe for the environment. With the advantage of high levels of biodiversity, Vietnamese actinomycetes are of a valuable resource for finding strains that are capable of biocontrolling fungal pathogens in plants. Thus, in this study, 70 actinomycete strains were isolated from Cuc Phuong and Ba Be National Parks by four different isolation methods including rehydration centrifugation, sodium dodecyl sulfate – yeast extract, dry heating and dilution methods. Of these, 29 strains (41.4%) belong to rare actinomycete genera including Actinoplanes, Acrocarpospora, Dactylosporangium, Kineosporia, Micromonospora, Nocardia, Nocardiopsis and Pseudonocardia, which are rarely studied in Vietnam. Subsequently, 70 actinomycete strains were subjected to antagonistic activity assays against four highly pathogenic fungi in plants including Alternaria sp., Botrytis cinerea, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Phytophthora capsici. The results showed that 80.5% of Streptomyces and 31% of rare actinomyces could inhibit the growth of at least one of the four pathogenic fungal strains. Moreover, ten actinmomycete strains were found to be able to inhibit three types of tested fungal pathogens, simutaneously. Especially, four actinomycete strains (VTCC-A-828, VTCC-A-671, VTCC-A-605, and VTCC-A-69), having the highest antagonistic activity against four fungal pathogens Alternaria sp., Botrytis cinerea, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Phytophthora capsici, respectively, were selected. The results in this study indicate the great potential application for Vietnam's microorganisms in the field of plant protection.

scholarly journals In Vitro Interactions between Eutypella parasitica and Some Frequently Isolated Fungi from the Wood of the Dead Branches of Young Sycamore Maple (Acer pseudoplatanus)

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1072
Author(s):  
Ana Brglez ◽  
Barbara Piškur ◽  
Nikica Ogris
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Acer Pseudoplatanus ◽  
Dual Cultures ◽  
Weak Competitor ◽  
The Dead ◽  
In Vitro Interactions

The ten most frequently isolated fungi from the wood of the dead branches of Acer pseudoplatanus L. were tested in dual cultures to evaluate their in vitro antagonistic activity against Eutypella parasitica R.W. Davidson and R.C. Lorenz, the causative agent of a destructive disease of maples in Europe and North America. The tested fungi, treated also as challenge isolates, were Diaporthe sp., Eutypa sp., Eu. maura, E. parasitica, Fusarium avenaceum, Neocucurbitaria acerina, Neonectria sp., Peniophora incarnata, Petrakia irregularis, and Phomopsis pustulata. The antagonistic ability of each challenge isolate was evaluated by calculating an index of antagonism (AI) based on the interaction type in the dual cultures. The results of competition between the fungal isolates were quantified after re-isolations from the interaction zone (s). The dual cultures revealed two main types of competitive interactions: Deadlock, consisting of mutual inhibition after mycelial contact or at a distance, and replacement, reflecting in the inhibition of E. parasitica, followed by partial overgrowth by the replacing fungus. Statistical analysis showed significant differences in average AI and s of challenge isolates between different dual culture assays. Based on the results of the antagonism index, Eutypa sp., Eu. maura, Neonectria sp., and P. incarnata had the highest inhibitory effect on E. parasitica growth and were recognized as the most promising candidates for further biocontrol studies of E. parasitica. The mycelium of E. parasitica at the interaction zones remained mostly viable, except in dual cultures with Eutypa sp., F. avenaceum, and Neonectria sp., where re-isolations did not yield any colony of the E. parasitica isolate. Based on the results, we assume that E. parasitica is a weak competitor, which invests less energy in direct mycelial competition. We discuss the potential of the observed antagonists as a possible biocontrol of Eutypella canker of maple. Nevertheless, additional experiments should be performed for a solid conclusion about competitive ability of E. parasitica and usefulness of antagonists as biocontrol.

scholarly journals Weed-Associated Fungal Endophytes as Biocontrol Agents of Fusariumoxysporum f. sp. cubense TR4 in Cavendish Banana

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 224
Author(s):  
Dennice G. Catambacan ◽  
Christian Joseph R. Cumagun
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Trichoderma Asperellum ◽  
Cavendish Banana ◽  
Leaf Yellowing ◽  
Dual Culture Assay

The antagonistic activity of fungal endophytes isolated from weeds growing in Cavendish banana farms was determined against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense TR4 (Foc TR4) causing Fusarium wilt of Cavendish banana. Forty-nine out of the total 357 fungal endophytes from the roots of weeds exhibited antagonistic activity against Foc TR4. High inhibitory activity at 79.61–99.31% based on dual culture assay was recorded in endophytes Lasiodiplodia theobromae TDC029, Trichoderma asperellum TDC075, Ceratobasidium sp. TDC037, Ceratobasidium sp. TDC241, and Ceratobasidium sp. TDC474. All five endophytes were identified through DNA sequencing with 86–100% identity. Endophyte-treated Grand Naine and GCTCV 218 plantlets showed significantly lower disease incidence (p = 0.014), significantly lower degree of leaf yellowing (p = 0.037) and rhizome discoloration (p = 0.003). In addition, the cultivar Grand Naine was consistently highly susceptible compared with the tolerant cultivar GCTCV 218.

Endophytic Fungi from Plums (Prunus domestica) and Their Antifungal Activity against Monilinia fructicola

2012 ◽  
Vol 75 (10) ◽  
pp. 1883-1889 ◽  
Author(s):  
RAPHAEL SANZIO PIMENTA ◽  
JULIANA F. MOREIRA da SILVA ◽  
JEFFREY S. BUYER ◽  
WOJCIECH J. JANISIEWICZ
Keyword(s):  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Monilinia Fructicola ◽  
Stone Fruits ◽  
Prunus Domestica ◽  
Phaeosphaeria Nodorum ◽  
Twig Blight ◽  
Isolated Species

Enophytic fungi were isolated from plum (Prunus domestica) leaves, identified with ITS1 and ITS4 primers, and their antagonistic activity was tested against Monilinia fructicola, which causes brown rot, blossom blight, and twig blight of stone fruits, and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, which causes anthracnose on a variety of fruit crops. The production of antifungal compounds was determined in agar-diffusion and volatile inverted-plate tests. A total of 163 fungi were recovered from 30 plum trees, representing 22 cultivars. Twenty-nine morphotypes were detected, but only 14 species were identified genetically. The most frequently isolated species was Phaeosphaeria nodorum, constituting 86.5% of the total isolates. Four isolates produced inhibitory volatiles to M. fructicola; however, no isolate produced volatiles inhibitory to C. gloeosporioides. The volatiles produced by these fungi were identified as ethyl acetate, 3-methyl-1-butanol, acetic acid, 2-propyn-1-ol, and 2-propenenitrile. The fungal volatiles inhibited growth and reduced width of the hyphae, and caused disintegration of the hyphal content. This is the first study describing fungal endophytes in stone fruits. The P. nodorum strains producing inhibitory volatiles could play a significant role in reduction of M. fructicola expansion in plum tissues. Potential of these strains for biological control of this pathogen on stone fruits warrants further investigation.

scholarly journals Screening of Fungal Endophytes for their Biocontrol Potential against Rhizopus sp. Isolated from Diseased Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz)

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-37
Author(s):  
Onyemaechi H.O. ◽  
Obehi V.O. ◽  
Felix O.
Keyword(s):  
Culture Filtrate ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Yeast Isolate ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
Mycelia Growth ◽  
Dual Culture Assay ◽  
Fusarium Sp ◽  
Biocontrol Potential ◽  
Rhizopus Sp

The aim of this study was to screen for the bio-control potential of fungal endophytes isolated from cassava against a test pathogen of cassava. Fungal endophytes and pathogen were isolated and identified from healthy and diseased cassava respectively. The isolated fungal endophytes were screened for their biocontrol potential against a test pathogen using the dual culture and culture filtrate assay. Fusarium sp., Botryosphaeria sp., Colletotrichum sp., yeast isolate 1 and 2 were the isolated fungal endophytes while the pathogen was Rhizopus sp. The effect of endophytes on the mycelia growth of Rhizopus sp. using the dual culture assay indicated that yeast isolate 1 & 2 and Colletotrichum sp. were effective in inhibiting the mycelia growth of the test pathogen while Fusarium sp. and Botryosphaeria sp. were not effective. The co-culture of yeast isolate 2 with the test pathogen gave the lowest mycelia growth (1.66a±0.09) at day 2. The effect of endophytic culture filtrate on the mycelia growth of Rhizopus sp. showed that Fusarium sp. gave the lowest mycelia growth in the three days observed. The findings from this study suggested that the test endophytes have biocontrol potential against Rhizopus sp. The biocontrol abilities of the test endophytes vary using the dual culture and culture filtrate assay.

scholarly journals In vitro Antagonistic Activity of Endophytic Fungi Isolated from Shirazi Thyme (Zataria multiflora Boiss.) against Monosporascus cannonballus

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-383
Author(s):  
RAHIL SAID AL-BADI ◽  
THAMODINI GAYA KARUNASINGHE ◽  
ABDULLAH MOHAMMED AL-SADI ◽  
ISSA HASHIL AL-MAHMOOLI ◽  
RETHINASAMY VELAZHAHAN
Keyword(s):  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Zataria Multiflora ◽  
Monosporascus Cannonballus ◽  
Isolation And Characterization

Endophytic fungi viz., Nigrospora sphaerica (E1 and E6), Subramaniula cristata (E7), and Polycephalomyces sinensis (E8 and E10) were isolated from the medicinal plant, Shirazi thyme (Zataria multiflora). In in vitro tests, these endophytes inhibited the mycelial growth of Monosporascus cannonballus, a plant pathogenic fungus. Morphological abnormalities in the hyphae of M. cannonballus at the edge of the inhibition zone in dual cultures with N. sphaerica were observed. The culture filtrates of these endophytes caused leakage of electrolytes from the mycelium of M. cannonballus. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the isolation and characterization of fungal endophytes from Z. multiflora as well as their antifungal effect on M. cannonballus.

scholarly journals Antagonistic Activity of Endophytic Fungi Isolated from Globba patens Miq. Rhizome against Human Pathogenic Bacteria

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 232-239
Author(s):  
Anisa Lutfia ◽  
Erman Munir ◽  
Yurnaliza Yurnaliza ◽  
Mohammad Basyuni
Keyword(s):  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Human Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Wide Range

The emergence of bacterial infections caused by resistant strains poses a threat to the development of new antibiotics. The majority of antibiotics being produced has been accelerated through the finding of newly reported natural products, especially those originated and produced by biological sources. Endophytic fungi residing in medicinal plants may be regarded as potential sources and encourage the exploration of more plant species for their antimicrobial activity. Our current study reports on the assemblage of endophytic fungi that colonize the rhizomes, using Globba patens a representative of Zingiberaceous species from North Sumatra. Twenty-six fungal morphotypes were obtained and differentiated by their morphological features. Each isolate was tested against human pathogenic bacteria namely Staphylococcus aureus ATCC® 29213™, Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) ATCC® 43300™, Escherichia coli ATCC® 25922™, and Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) K11 in a dual culture assay. The results revealed that the majority of fungal isolates were strong antagonists against S. aureus and E. coli but not against MRSA and EPEC. Isolate Gp07 was the most potential fungus with a wide range of antibacterial activities and was subjected to further species-level identification based on its morphological characteristics and DNA sequence in the ITS-rDNA region. The isolate Gp07 was identified as Colletotrichum siamense, yet the presence of C. siamense in the rhizome of G. patens is not fully understood while possibly being characterized as the antibiotics-producing agent in the future.

scholarly journals Diversity of Endophytic Fungi of Psidium guajava (Myrtaceae) and Their Antagonistic Activity against Two Banana Pathogens

2020 ◽  
pp. 86-101
Author(s):  
Eric Ngalani Tchamgoue ◽  
Sandrine Aimée Youte Fanche ◽  
Bruno Lenta Ndjakou ◽  
Florentina Matei ◽  
Maximilienne Ascension Nyegue
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Mycosphaerella Fijiensis ◽  
Microbiology Laboratory ◽  
Colonization Frequency ◽  
Phomopsis Asparagi

Aims: The present study was carried out to determine the diversity of endophytic fungi that colonize the leaves of Psidium guajava, and to evaluate their antagonistic activity against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense and Mycosphaerella fijiensis which are the two main phytopathogens of banana plants. Place and Duration of Study: The research was carried out at Microbiology Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaoundé I and Microbiology Laboratory, Faculty of Biotechnologies, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Bucharest, between April 2018 and February 2020. Methodology: Fragments of surface sterilized leaves of Psidium guajava were inoculated on Potato Dextrose Agar supplemented with chloramphenicol. The isolated and purified endophytic fungi were identified based on their macroscopic and microscopic characters using a mycological atlas as guide. The non-sporulating isolates were identified by comparing the ITS regions of their DNA to those of known fungi registered in the GenBank database. The antagonistic activity of the endophytic fungi isolated against Fusarium oxysporum and Mycosphaerella fijiensis was screened using dual culture method. Results: A total of 28 endophytic fungal were isolated from the leaves of Psidium guajava corresponding to a colonization frequency of 33.33%. These isolates were identified as: Aspergillus sp., Botryosphaeria sp., Fusarium sp., Neoscytalidium sp., Xylaria sp., Phyllosticta capitalensis, Cercospora apii, Xylaria longipes, Phomopsis sp., Phomopsis asparagi, Aspergillus versicolor, Pallidocercospora thailandica, and Xylaria grammica that belonged to the Deuteromycota and Ascomycota divisions. These endophytic fungi inhibited the growth of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense and Mycosphaerella fijiensis with the percentage inhibition varying respectively from 23.25% to 73.52% and from 21.36% to 100%. The species Botryosphaeria sp., Phomopsis sp., Phomopsis asparagi, and Xylaria longipes exhibited the greatest activity. Conclusion: The leaves of Psidium guajava have a fairly varied diversity of endophytic fungi. These endophytic fungi can serve as potential biological control agents against Panama and Sigatoka diseases of banana and also would produce secondary metabolites with antifungal properties.

scholarly journals The fungal endophyte Epicoccum dendrobii as a potential biocontrol agent against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin-Yue Bian ◽  
Yu-Lan Fang ◽  
Qing Song ◽  
Mei-Ling Sun ◽  
Ji-Yun Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Fungal Endophyte ◽  
Chinese Fir ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Potential Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Fungal Phytopathogen

Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides is one of most serious fungal diseases on Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata). Eight fungal endophytes were isolated from a young heathy branch of Chinese fir and screened against the pathogen in vitro. One isolate, designated as SMEL1 and subsequently identified as Epicoccum dendrobii based on morphological and phylogenetic analyses, suppressed mycelial growth of C. gloeosporioides on dual culture plates. Additionally, the metabolites of E. dendrobii significantly decreased the biomass of C. gloeosporioides. E. dendrobii was able to enter the internal tissues of the host plant via stomatal cells. The metabolites of E. dendrobii significantly inhibited conidial germination and appressorium formation, which at least partly explained why the endophyte significantly inhibited lesion development caused by C. gloeosporioides on various host plants. We further confirmed that some components with antifungal activity could be extracted from E. dendrobii using ethyl acetate as an organic solvent. To our knowledge, this is the first report of E. dendrobii as a potential biocontrol agent against a fungal phytopathogen.

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