From ‘People's Struggle’ to ‘This War of Today’: Entanglements of Peace and Conflict in Guinea-Bissau

Africa ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Padrão Temudo
Keyword(s):  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Ethnic Conflicts ◽  
War And Peace ◽  
Guinea Bissau ◽  
The Social ◽  
Peace And Conflict ◽  
Urban Elite ◽  
Client Relations ◽  
Partial Consensus

This article aims at contributing to our understanding of violence and warfare in contemporary West Africa by adopting a bi-focal analysis that looks both at power struggles within the urban elite and at the grassroots multi-ethnic setting in southern Guinea-Bissau. I pay close attention to the social dynamics of rural peoples' perspectives, coping strategies and inter-ethnic conflicts. Local conflicts are elucidated as an ongoing process that traverses times of war and peace. Although they are subject to manipulation by urban actors, local conflicts are also a matter of continuous negotiation and partial consensus at the grassroots. In stark contrast to this, the struggles in the ruling group are characterized by an escalating spiral of factionalism, diminishing compromises and elimination of rivals. By analysing the relationship between urban and rural actors and the role of cosmology, the article also aims to shed new light on the multiple shapes patron–client relations can assume in Africa.

Coverage of Taliban conflict in the Pak–Afghan press: A comparative analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 305-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shabir Hussain ◽  
Syed Abdul Siraj
Keyword(s):  
Political Communication ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Media Content ◽  
War And Peace ◽  
The Press ◽  
Peace And Conflict ◽  
War Journalism ◽  
Peace Journalism ◽  
Peace And Conflict Resolution

This study offers a quantitative analysis of the coverage of Taliban conflict in the four leading newspapers of Pakistan and Afghanistan through the perspective of war and peace journalism—developed by Johan Galtung and adopted by many scholars. Consistent with the existing literature, the researcher found that both the English and vernacular press in the two countries predominantly reported the Taliban conflict through war journalism framing. The local press was equally escalatory while reporting on the conflict. The press in the two countries showed remarkable differences in the war journalism framing but applied similar thematic strategies of peace journalism. The study advocates an academic juncture between political communication and peace journalism scholarship to identify the issues that influence media content during conflict times for better understanding of the potential role of media in peace and conflict resolution.

Shtetls, Taverns, and Baptisms

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellie R. Schainker
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Military Personnel ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Religious Toleration ◽  
Local Elites ◽  
Imperial Russia ◽  
Conversion Narratives ◽  
The Social ◽  
Intimate Knowledge

Chapter 3 explores the social dynamics of religious toleration and the confessional state from below by examining the spaces of Jewish conversion. The chapter presents a range of conversion narratives which locate interfaith encounters at the local tavern as the springboard for migrating to a different confessional community. It analyzes daily social interactions among Jewish and neighboring Polish, Lithuanian, Belorussian, and Ukrainian communities, and how these encounters nurtured intimate knowledge of other confessional lifestyles, facilitated interfaith relationships, and provided access to the personnel and institutions of other faiths. By taking a geographical approach, the chapter presents the western provincial towns and villages of imperial Russia as interreligious zones wherein conversion was predicated on interconfessional networks, sociability, and a personal familiarity with Christianity via its adherents. In exploring forms of encounter, the chapter highlights the role of the local godparent—often local elites or civil/military personnel—in facilitating confessional transfers.

scholarly journals The social dynamics of heterogeneous innovation ecosystems

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 184797901772161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan-Peter Ferdinand ◽  
Uli Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Social Dynamics ◽  
3D Printer ◽  
Innovation Ecosystem ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Innovation Ecosystems ◽  
Broad Scope ◽  
The Social

In this article, we develop a programmatic notion of innovation ecosystems, which emphasizes the analysis of different forms of distributed innovation without reducing the perspective to the role of a focal organization. It highlights relationships between communities and corporate firms as nexus for distributed innovation and elaborates how different facets of openness shape the dynamic of the ecosystem. Thus, our model allows for the analysis and comparison of a broad scope of constellations, their particular coordinating mechanisms as well as related advantages and disadvantages. We apply this framework to two specific cases of distributed innovation, the RepRap 3D printer and the ARA modular smartphone, in order to delineate how differences in the forms of openness affect the prevalent relationships between communities and firms as well as the constituting functions of their particular innovation ecosystem.

scholarly journals The Role of Influential Dynasties and Local Families in Urban Development and Political Centrality of Shushtar in Khuzestan Province During Safavid Era

2020 ◽  
pp. 615-622
Author(s):  
Masoud Vali Arab ◽  
Hamid Asad Pour ◽  
Hamid Peighambary ◽  
Ali Rasouli
Keyword(s):  
Social Values ◽  
Ethnic Origin ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Political Life ◽  
The Political ◽  
Ethnic Conflicts ◽  
Khuzestan Province ◽  
The North ◽  
The Social

Shushtar as one of the most important cities of Khuzestan in safavid era was inhabited by some officials and rulers mostly due to its specific geographical, strategic and military situation during the rule of Safavid dynasty. The establishment of new villages in Shushtar and its surroundings areas by the local rulers caused this city to grow and develop more. In the same regard, due to the entering of many different clans and tribes to Shushtar in the Safavid period, extensive ethnic conflicts emerged in this city. Turk Qizilbash (Shamlus, Rumlus, Afshars, Ustodjlus, Turkmens, and Dulghadirs), Chagatai family, Circassia, Georgians, great religious scholars from Jabal Amel region, Jazayeri and Kalantar Sadats were among the tribes and clans entering Shushtar in the Safavid period. At the end of this period, natural disasters such as flood influenced Shushtar status both socially and politically to a great extent. The current study attempts to describe the political and social conditions of Shushtar during the Safavid period, aiming to answer this question: Why was Shushtar under the spotlight by the Safavid rulers and inhabited by most governmental rulers and authorities? It is hypothesized in this study that due to the geographical and military situation, Shushtar have always been considered as a defensive barrier by the Safavids against Mushashaiyah central bases in the South of Khuzestan, and Ranshis bases in the North of Khuzestan and also against Bakhtiyari Khans. Unquestionably, taking into consideration the topics such as ethnic origin, tribal interests, occupation state, religious and social values, and changing or modification of each case can give provide us with some useful information about the social and political life of Shushtar in the Safavid period.

Minorities and Foreigners in a Provincial Iranian City: Bahāʾis in the Russian Consulate of Isfahan in 1903

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-132
Author(s):  
Saghar Sadeghian
Keyword(s):  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Power Struggles ◽  
The Social ◽  
Iranian History ◽  
Local Actors ◽  
The City ◽  
Previous Scholarship

This article is about the struggles of a persecuted confessional minority in Qajar Iran. It shows that the massacre of the Bahāʾis in Isfahan in 1903 was representative of the ongoing power struggles in the city. Previous scholarship that has briefly explored these events has relied primarily on a handful of British diplomatic sources. Drawing on unexplored documents in British and Iranian archives, this article provides crucial details about the social dynamics on the ground and stresses the role of key actors involved in this episode in Iranian history. In the process, the article puts together the socio-economic contexts of the events in Isfahan, explains why the Bahāʾis sought foreign protection, and analyzes the attitudes of powerful local actors such as Zell al-Soltān and Āqā Najafi.

Alfonso López Pumarejo and Liberal Radicalism in 1930s Colombia

1995 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Stoller
Keyword(s):  
Political Thought ◽  
Party System ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Constitutional Reform ◽  
Political Strategy ◽  
The Social

AbstractThis article locates the first regime of Alfonso López Pumarejo (the Revolutión en marcha, 1934–8) within the social dynamics of Colombia's polarised party system, rather than the developmentalist and class dynamics that are frequently invoked. López's economic and political thought is shown to be far closer to the partisan and antistatist traditions of Colombian liberalism than is often assumed, and his rise to power is depicted as a victory of political strategy rather than class alliances. After surveying the role of the Acción Liberal group of intellectuals in the radicalisation of Liberal discourse, culminating in the constitutional reform of 1936, the article offers hypotheses about the transitory nature of López-era Liberal radicalism.

scholarly journals Urbanization before Cities: Lessons for Social Theory from the Evolution of Cities

2012 ◽  
pp. 211-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Social Theory ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Cultural Exchange ◽  
Territorial Expansion ◽  
Modern Cities ◽  
The Social ◽  
Fertile Crescent ◽  
The World ◽  
Process Of Urbanization

This article examines the role of the world-system in the structure of cities. Data from the evolution of cities in the Fertile Crescent shows that a number of traits of modern cities were also present in the earliest cities. Specifically, mass production, social differentiation and inequality, cultural mechanisms utilized for social control, and a tendency – even a need – for territorial expansion were all characteristic of ancient cities. Such characteristics of cities are rooted in the process of urbanization, understood here as the creation and maintenance of networks of economic and cultural exchange amongst communities in disparate regions. Citiesare understood as “nodes” in this system of exchange. It is argued that urbanization predatescities by thousands of years, and that the social dynamics arising from urbanization must be teased out of the data in order to understand cities better.

Psychology, War, Peace, and Ethics

Head Strong ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 278-298
Author(s):  
Michael D. Matthews
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Interpersonal Conflict ◽  
Ethical Dilemmas ◽  
Growth Mindset ◽  
War And Peace ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
New Model ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Military

This chapter explores the psychology of war and peace, with a focus on how psychologists may set the occasion for the peaceful resolution of conflicts. Topics include a discussion of the growth mindset and the social psychology of interpersonal conflict. The role of education in reducing conflict is examined. A discussion of ethical dilemmas faced by military psychologists and the boundaries that contemporary psychology sets for psychologists working on behalf of the military follows. The chapter introduces a new model of ethics that may help guide psychologists in deciding what research and practice is ethical versus that which is not.

A Bird in the House: An Anthropological Perspective on Companion Parrots

2003 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 393-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Anthropological Perspective ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Important Concern ◽  
The Social ◽  
American Society

AbstractAlthough companion birds are the third most-common animal companion—after dogs and cats—in U.S. households, few anthrozoological publications focus on them. This study examines the role of companion parrots in American households. The study combines a literature review with the results of a survey of bird owners and participant observation. The study uses the resulting qualitative and quantitative data in addressing the social dynamics of companion parrot ownership in the household. The data support the impression that companion parrots increasingly are being considered family members, or "Fids" ("Feathered Kids"), thus following current trends in American society that accord companion animals in general a greater investment in time, money, and emotion. However, the general public is not well informed about the complexities of captive parrot care, and psittacine wellness is an important concern.

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