scholarly journals Dewars and relics in Scotland: some clarifications and questions

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilbert Márkus
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Private Property ◽  
Ecclesiastical Authority ◽  
Economic Position ◽  
The Dead

The deòradh in medieval Scotland has nothing to do with the crown official called the toschederach, nor does the word ever refer to a relic. The deòradh is a hereditary relic-keeper. The scattered surviving records include charters and annals, but also – when read with this in mind – the literature of saints' cults. These show that the relic, and therefore sometimes (but not always) a deòradh, could be involved in representations of ecclesiastical authority, for cursing and blessing, for raising tribute, enforcing laws and inaugurating kings, for bringing battle victory or preventing battle altogether, for the swearing of oaths, for the protection of private property, for healing the sick and for the protection of the dead and dying. The record also reveals something of the economic position of the deòradh and his land-holding, and how this position began to change in the sixteenth century.

‘Do you think you're at the Gresham?’: Accepting Imperfection in ‘The Dead’

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randi Saloman
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Short Story ◽  
Secondary Quality ◽  
The Dead

Dublin's Gresham Hotel, where Gabriel and Gretta Conroy end their evening in Joyce's most famous short story, has a fascinating history. It was founded in 1817 by Thomas Gresham, who began life as a foundling rescued from the steps of London's Royal Exchange and was thereby given the name of the Renaissance statesman who built that exchange. This sixteenth-century Thomas Gresham was even better known, however, for his eponymous ‘Gresham's Law’. Both Gresham's Law and the hotel setting and history enter into and help to shape ‘The Dead’. Questions of value and valuing suggested by Gresham's Law are shown to be more complicated than they initially appear, as they intersect with the various forms of hospitality traced in the story. The ‘secondary’ quality of the famous Dublin hotel (built by the second, unknown Thomas Gresham) underscores – and ultimately redeems – the theme of secondariness that runs through ‘The Dead’.

Remembering the Dead and Reminding the Living: Blessing of the Corpse and Burial in Sixteenth-Century Sweden

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-59
Author(s):  
Stina Fallberg Sundmark
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Funeral Service ◽  
Longue Duree ◽  
Longue Durée ◽  
The Dead

AbstractThe article shows how Swedish reformers – through the ordo for the blessing of the corpse and the funeral – introduced a new focus in relation to the medieval tradition: from the deceased to the living. The reformers rejected the medieval idea of purgatory and refused intercession and the celebration of Mass before funeral. Therefore, the relation between the living and the dead must have suffered and the living would no longer be reminded of those who departed to the same extent as before. Instead, according to the reformers, during the funeral service the living would be reminded of their own condition, their certain death and Christian hope. Sources from late sixteenth century which demonstrate prohibitions of certain customs emphasize that the Swedish Reformation did not mean a sudden break with earlier tradition and custom, but that it was a longue durée.

Select document: Catholic ownership of tithes: a County Wexford widow’s dispensation, 1595

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (162) ◽  
pp. 336-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Mac Cuarta
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Catholic Priests ◽  
Ecclesiastical Authority ◽  
Agricultural Produce ◽  
Church Of Ireland ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Church

AbstractDown to the mid-nineteenth century, the rural population in Ireland was obliged by law to contribute to the upkeep of the Church of Ireland clergy by means of tithes, a measure denoting a proportion of annual agricultural produce. The document illustrates what was happening in the late sixteenth century, as separate ecclesial structures were emerging, and Catholics were beginning to determine how to support their own clergy. Control of ecclesiastical resources was a major issue for the Catholic community in the century after the introduction of the Reformation. However, for want of documentation the use of tithes to support Catholic priests, much less the impact of this issue on relationships within that community, between ecclesiastics and propertied laity, has been little noted. This text – a dispensation to hold parish revenues, signed by a papally-appointed bishop ministering in the south-east – illustrates how the recusant community in an anglicised part of Ireland addressed some issues posed by Catholic ownership of tithes in the 1590s. It exemplifies the confusion, competing claims, and anxiety of conscience among some who benefited from the secularisation of the church’s medieval patrimony; it also preserves the official response of the relevant Catholic ecclesiastical authority to an individual situation.

The Native Encounter with Christianity: Franciscans and Nahuas in Sixteenth-Century Mexico

2008 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
OFM Morales Francisco
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
New World ◽  
Indigenous Population ◽  
Folk Art ◽  
Indigenous Languages ◽  
Native Population ◽  
Indelible Mark ◽  
Continuous Growth ◽  
Ecclesiastical Authority ◽  
The Many

Among the nations of the New World, Mexico is probably the country in which the Franciscans worked most intensively. Having been the first missionaries to arrive in Mexico, they covered most of its territory and worked with numerous native groups: Nahuas, Otomies, Mazahuas, Huastecas, Totonacas, Tarascans, Mayas. Their intense missionary activity is evident in the many indigenous languages the Franciscans learned, the grammars and vocabularies they wrote, the numerous Biblical texts they translated, and the catechisms they wrote with ideographical techniques quite alien to the European mind. This activity left an indelible mark in Mexico, a mark still alive in popular traditions, monumental constructions, popular devotions, and folk art. Without a doubt, in spite of the continuous growth of the Spanish and Mestizo populations during colonial times, the favorite concern of Franciscan pastoral activity was the indigenous population. Thus, Franciscan schools and colleges, hospitals, and publications were addressed to it. For their part, the native population showed the same preference for the Franciscans. To the eyes of the civil and ecclesiastical authorities, Franciscans and natives appeared as an inseparable body, an association not always welcomed by the Spanish Crown. In fact, since the middle of the sixteenth century bishops and royal officials tried to separate them, assigning secular priests in the native towns and limiting the ecclesiastical authority of the friars.

Legal Dilemmas

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Don Herzog
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Common Law ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Dead ◽  
The Law ◽  
Star Chamber ◽  
Tort Claims

The chapter launches with Star Chamber proceedings against Lewis Pickering: in the sixteenth century, defaming the dead could be a crime. And that remains true even in today’s United States. But as the common law sharpened the distinction between tort and crime, it rejected the view that such defamation could be a tort. Tort claims extinguished when either plaintiff or defendant died. And when aggrieved survivors sued, the law held they hadn’t been wronged, even if they had been harmed, so they couldn’t recover, either.

Written in the Heart

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin Lambert
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Print Culture ◽  
Personal Experience ◽  
The Dead ◽  
The Individual

This chapter first explores how elements of fifteenth-century devotion were transformed in sixteenth-century Nuremberg. Using a genre of print culture, the illustrated song pamphlet, it argues that devotional culture provides methodological tools with which to engage with belief. One such pamphlet, containing a hymn originally written to accompany the preaching of the Joachimsthal minister Johannes Mathesius, then provides an avenue into the re-conception of belief in resurrection in Lutheran devotional culture. Mathesius’s writings about resurrection and the power of sight and sound reveal how faith in the raising of the dead was understood to be “written in the heart” of the individual. As Mathesius’s encounter with song in the midst of tragedy confirms, the formation of belief was thus understood to be contingent on personal experience. Yet as the spread of that song across Germany confirms, communal singing also forged an understanding of belief as a tie that bound.

Singing the Resurrection

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin Lambert
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Lived Experience ◽  
The Body ◽  
Christian Community ◽  
Community Of Faith ◽  
Medieval Europe ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
Resurrection Of The Dead ◽  
The Dead ◽  
The Individual

This book explores the lived experience of belief in Reformation Europe through two distinct yet deeply connected themes: the resurrection of the body and the act of singing. In late medieval Europe, the chanting of the Creed in the context of the Mass implied a universal community of faith that began in the time of Christ and was to endure until the dead were raised at the apocalypse. In the sixteenth century, these bonds were broken. European Christians continued to affirm the Creed’s promise of the universal resurrection of the dead, but they raised their voices in a range of new songs, each of which expressed a different interpretation of resurrection’s promise of the restoration of the individual body and the reunion of the Christian community. Using case studies drawn from each of the major traditions of the Reformation—Lutheran, Anabaptist, Reformed, and Catholic—this book reveals sixteenth-century belief in its full complexity. Whereas narratives of the Reformation have long equated belief with doctrine, songs of resurrection reveal contemporary understandings of belief that at once emphasized its understanding and embodiment, its ephemerality and eternal endurance, its utter individuality and its power as a tie that bound. In the religious ruptures of the Reformation, this book argues, belief was transformed into a way of living in the world.

The Voice of the Dead

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 330-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Fernández Cuesta
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Social Rank ◽  
Person Plural ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Social ◽  
Third Person ◽  
The Dead ◽  
The Third Person ◽  
The Voice

This article comprises a sociolinguistic analysis of the distribution of northern features in two sixteenth-century collections of wills of urban and rural provenance ( York Clergy Wills and Swaledale Wills and Inventories, respectively). It is suggested that there is a correlation between dialect features such as the Northern Subject Rule, the uninflected genitive, and the third person plural pronouns and the urban or rural provenance of the wills as well as, to some extent, the social rank of the testators. This sheds light on how social factors might condition the resilience of dialect features in sixteenth-century northern English.

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