The Invention of the Modern: A Symbiotic Remapping

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. E. Gontarski
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Physical Science ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Religion And Science ◽  
Philosophy And Literature ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Political Implications

This chapter begins with a remapping of an early-twentieth-century mode of discourse about the nature of memory, consciousness, dreams and perception, and their political implications for religion and science as well as for philosophy and literature. This remapping offers something of an enhancement of and so a symbiotic encounter with (and not a replacement for) the development of what is loosely called Modernism, particularly in literature, and Samuel Beckett's relationship to it. The remapping, furthermore, engages with an emerging empiricist, materialist science in the early years of the twentieth century that rejects what might be called speculating or theorizing about what cannot be measured, consciousness in particular, even as such theorizing will finally come to lead, if not dominate, the advances of twentieth-century physical science.

New insights into the controversy surrounding marine biological laboratory (Marine Station) facilities in the Firth of Clyde in the early twentieth century

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-170
Author(s):  
P. G. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Marine Biological Laboratory ◽  
Biological Station ◽  
Marine Biological ◽  
Biological Laboratory ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Marine Station ◽  
Regius Professor ◽  
Adjacent Island

Three letters from the Sheina Marshall archive at the former University Marine Biological Station Millport (UMBSM) reveal the pivotal significance of Sheina Marshall's father, Dr John Nairn Marshall, behind the scheme planned by Glasgow University's Regius Professor of Zoology, John Graham Kerr. He proposed to build an alternative marine station facility on Cumbrae's adjacent island of Bute in the Firth of Clyde in the early years of the twentieth century to cater predominantly for marine researchers.

scholarly journals Still Afraid of Legal Pluralism? Encountering Santi Romano

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 539-558
Author(s):  
Roger Cotterrell
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
English Translation ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Legal Pluralism ◽  
Political Context ◽  
Legal Order ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Political Implications ◽  
The Social ◽  
Sociolegal Studies

The second edition of Santi Romano’s book, The Legal Order, now appearing in its first English translation (2017), is a pioneer text of legal pluralism. Its interest lies in its extreme radicalism and in the fact that, although it is written by a lawyer, its argument has many important political implications and addresses core conceptual issues in contemporary sociolegal studies of legal pluralism. The social and political context of Romano’s book in early twentieth-century Italy is far from being solely of historical interest. Issues that surrounded his juristic thinking in its time resonate with important political and social issues of today.

Lev Gumilev: His Pretensions as Founder of Ethnology and his Eurasian Theories

Inner Asia ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergei Panarin ◽  
Viktor Shnirelman
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Scientific Theory ◽  
The Political ◽  
Biological Entity ◽  
Anti Semitism ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Political Implications ◽  
Special Time

AbstractThis paper takes a critical look at the work of the extraordinarily popular historian Lev Gumilev. Writing in late Soviet times, Gumilev has become virtually a cult figure in Russia after his death. He took up the ideas of the Eurasianists of the early twentieth century, according to whom Russia's destiny is to be a Eurasian power, and he reconfigured them as a ‘scientific’ theory of ethnos. The ethnos is supposed to be a ‘biological’ entity determined by its place in the natural environment, but at the same time, inspired by a few innovative leaders, each ‘ethnos’ has its special time of intense flowering (which Gumilev called ‘passionary’). The article examines the contradictions in Gumilev's theories and its methodological flaws. It endswith a discussion of the political implications ofGumilev's popularity in post-Socialist Russia. He is not only admired by semi-educated people but is also legitimised by sections of the academy (a university is named after him in Kazakhstan). It is argued that his work lends a spurious credence to nationalismand anti-semitism.

Introduction

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Daniel Aureliano Newman
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Narrative Structure ◽  
Individual Development ◽  
Narrative Strategies ◽  
Developmental Models ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Political Implications ◽  
New Models ◽  
Species Evolution ◽  
Recapitulation Theory

The introduction outlines historical and formal links between Bildung, biology, and the narrative strategies used by modernist novelists. The classical Bildungsroman, with its insistent linearity, originated from the same organicist aesthetics and ideology as one of the nineteenth-century’s most pervasive biological narratives: recapitulation, in which individual development (ontogeny) repeats species evolution (phylogeny) in miniature. By the early twentieth century, however, this linear biological paradigm was giving way to a more complex set of nonlinear developmental models, which served as inspiration or even templates for the formal experiments of several prominent novelists seeking to rehabilitate the ideals associated with the Bildungsroman. Linking the various new models is the concept of reversion, a developmental disruption of simple chronology that would seem, from the perspective of recapitulation theory, to be regressive or otherwise pathological. Each of the novels featured in the book incorporates some form of biologically derived reversion into its narrative structure, allowing it to retain Bildung’s spiritual and aesthetic ideals while challenging the reductionism and sinister political implications of recapitulation theory.

“To Save the Women of China from Fear, Opium and Bound Feet”: Australian Women Missionaries in Early Twentieth-Century China

Itinerario ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 67-82
Author(s):  
Sarah Paddle
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Young Women ◽  
White Women ◽  
New Woman ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Women Missionaries ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
New Nation ◽  
At Home

This article explores the experiences of Western women missionaries in a faith mission and their relationships with the women and children of China in the early years of the twentieth century. In a period of twenty years of unprecedented social and political revolution missionaries were forced to reconceptualise their work against a changing discourse of Chinese womanhood. In this context, emerging models of the Chinese New Woman and the New Girl challenged older mission constructions of gender. The Chinese reformation also provided missionaries with troubling reflections on their own roles as independent young women, against debates about modern women at home, and the emerging rights of white women as newly enfranchised citizens in the new nation of Australia.

scholarly journals Christianity and Religious Syncretism in Early Twentieth-Century China

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoxuan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Popular Religion ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Chinese Religion ◽  
Republican China ◽  
Religious Traditions ◽  
Christianity In China ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Chinese Religions ◽  
Religious Syncretism

AbstractChristianity in China is known to have been influenced by Chinese popular religion. Yet it is less known how much Christianity has influenced other religions in China. This article examines the syncretic trend of the early years of Republican China, which aimed at reinventing Chinese religions. I argue that as early as the 1920s, followers of Chinese religious traditions were appropriating various aspects of Christianity – from its symbols and institutions to its values – for their own ends. This trend was crucial for Christianity to become a part of Chinese religion and society.

John Redfern and Sons, 1847 to 1892

Costume ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan North
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Courtauld Institute

John Redfern's name appears frequently in the history of couture and late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century fashion, but information on his business is limited. The following is based on research done for the author's MA in the history of dress at the Courtauld Institute in 1993. It examines John Redfern's early years as a draper and how by 1892, he had become the leading ladies' tailor in Britain and France.

Apollinaire, Guillaume (1880–1918)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tara S. Thomson
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Pablo Picasso ◽  
Visual Poetry ◽  
Henri Matisse ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
Guillaume Apollinaire ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Spanish Flu ◽  
Poetry Collection

Guillaume Apollinaire (1880–1918) was a poet, literary and art critic, playwright, novelist, editor, and journalist. Born in Rome to a Polish-Russian mother and an unknown father, Apollinaire’s birth name was Guglielmo Alberto Wladimiro Alessandro Apollinare de Kostrowitzky, though his family called him Wilhelm (the German form of the Italian Guglielmo). After spending his early years moving throughout Monaco, France, Belgium, and Germany, he finally settled in Paris in 1902, adopting the pen name Guillaume Apollinaire. Apollinaire became a prominent cultural figure in Paris and was a key player in the literary and artistic avant-garde movements of the early twentieth century, particularly Cubism and Surrealism. Apollinaire first gained literary recognition for his poetry collection Alcools (1913) but is best known for inventing calligrams, a form of visual poetry. While Apollinaire was primarily a poet, he earned his living as a journalist and art critic. In his articles and reviews he championed avant-garde art, and was friends with such artists as Pablo Picasso and Henri Matisse. Apollinaire fought for France in WWI and returned home in 1916 after receiving a head wound. He survived the war but died of Spanish Flu in 1918.

Huajixi, Heteroglossia, and Maoist Language

2019 ◽  
pp. 162-178
Author(s):  
Ping Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Chinese Language ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Fourth Period ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
May Fourth ◽  
Surrounding Areas

Huajixi is a genre of farcical performance originated in Shanghai and the surrounding areas in the early twentieth century. The encounter with alien cultures and the influx of population imbued huajixi with an inherent heterogeneity. The abundance of linguistic miscommunication, discordance, and dissonance that elicit laughter in huajixi signifies, in Mikhail Bakhtin’s term, the heteroglossia of language, resulted from the disassociation between language and intentions, language and thoughts, language and expressions. As the content of huajixi had to undergo heavy-handed reform in the early years of PRC, its heteroglossic language remained relatively untouched. In fact, through curating the heteroglossia in huajixi, Maoist discourse showed its willingness to relativize and decenter language consciousness so as to continue the modernization of Chinese language that started in the May Fourth period.

Political Mobilization and Social Unrest in Rural Portugal in the Early Twentieth Century: The Example of Montemor-o-Novo between 1908 and 1918

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-65
Author(s):  
Jesús-Ángel Redondo Cardeñoso
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Political Mobilization ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Social Unrest ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Republican Movement ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Political Economic

This article studies the different expressions of political mobilization and social unrest that occurred in rural Portugal during the early twentieth century. To do so, it offers an investigation at local level, using as an example the municipality of Montemor-o-Novo, part of the Alentejo region, in the southern half of the country, and covers the years of unrest marked by the fall of the monarchy and the early years of the Republic (1908–1918). This research focuses on the analysis of three aspects: the acts of political mobilization associated with the republican movement; the expansion of associations and conflict associated with the workers’ movement; and the protests associated with the absence of basic foodstuffs resulting from the Great War. In doing so, the article aims to show how the rural Portuguese population in the early twentieth century played an active and dynamic role in the political and social life of the country by means of very different forms of collective mobilization (such as meetings, demonstrations, strikes and riots), resulting from a wide variety of political, economic, or labour-related circumstances.

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