Leibniz, Spinoza and the Anti-Cartesian Reaction

2018 ◽  
pp. 13-39
Author(s):  
Alex Tissandier
Keyword(s):  
Sufficient Reason ◽  
Existence Of God ◽  
Main Text ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Way

This chapter looks in detail at the three main engagements with Leibniz in the main text of Deleuze’s Expressionism in Philosophy: Spinoza. The first concerns the role of real definitions and proofs of possibility in arguments for the existence of God. The second concerns the theory of adequation in a logic of ideas. The third concerns mechanism, force and essence in a theory of bodies. The chapter argues that these engagements all share the same form. First, Deleuze locates a similarity between Leibniz and Spinoza in their criticism of a particular Cartesian doctrine. Second, he grounds this criticism in a shared concern for the lack of a sufficient reason operating in Descartes’s philosophy. Third, he nominates expression as the concept best suited to address this lack and fulfil the requirements of sufficient reason. Finally, he shows that the way expression functions in Spinoza’s philosophy is each time superior to Leibniz’s own use of the concept. Despite the priority given to Spinoza in this text, it nevertheless contains our first introduction to various key Leibnizian concepts which will become increasingly important in Deleuze’s later philosophy.

God

2019 ◽  
pp. 53-73
Author(s):  
Martin Lin
Keyword(s):  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Sufficient Reason ◽  
Existence Of God ◽  
The Third ◽  
Principle Of Sufficient Reason ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Way

This chapter offers reconstructions of Spinoza’s four arguments for the existence of God. Among the lessons learned from these reconstructions is that, although Spinoza’s first argument is often described as ontological, it relies on many substantive premises that go beyond the definition of God and it is not vulnerable to standard objections to ontological arguments. Additionally, the second argument introduces Spinoza’s Principle of Sufficient Reason, and seeing how Spinoza applies it to the existence of God sheds light on how he understands both the PSR and causation and explanation more generally. The chapter concludes by arguing that the third and fourth arguments pave the way for Spinoza’s claim that, besides God, no substance can be or be conceived and consideration of them shows why Spinoza’s argument for monism does not beg the question against the orthodox Cartesian.

The Eternal Triangle and Court Politics: Henry VIII, Anne Boleyn, and Sir Thomas Wyatt

1986 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 565-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Retha M. Warnicke
Keyword(s):  
Henry Viii ◽  
Sovereign Power ◽  
Love Affair ◽  
The Third ◽  
Sir Thomas Wyatt ◽  
Court Politics ◽  
The Way

The opinion of modern scholars is divided about the nature of Anne Boleyn's relationship to Sir Thomas Wyatt, the Tudor poet. On the basis of a few of his verses and three Catholic treatises, some writers have concluded that Anne and he were lovers. In these analyses not enough attention has been paid to the role of Henry VIII, the third member of this alleged lovers' triangle, who guarded his own honor and inquired into that of his wives, before, during, and after their marriages to him. A comment on the way in which the king viewed and defended his honor will be useful to this examination of the evidence customarily accepted as proof of Anne and Wyatt's love affair.A gentleman's honor, as Henry's contemporaries perceived it, was a complicated concept. First and foremost it was assumed that a man's birth and lineage would predispose him to chivalric acts on the battlefield where, in fact, only one cowardly lapse would stain his and his family's reputation forever. Secondly, the concept embodied the notion that it bestowed upon its holder certain social privileges and respect. During Henry's reign, moreover, the “realm and the community of honour” came to be viewed as “identical” with the sovereign power of the king at its head. One result of this “nationalization,” was that the behavior of crown dependants and servants affected the king's good name in both a personal and a public sense, and his ministers took care to do all that was appropriate to his reputation in settling disputes and in negotiating treaties.

The Categorical Imperative and Not Being Unworthy of the Event: Ethics in Deleuze's Difference and Repetition

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-135
Author(s):  
Leonard Lawlor
Keyword(s):  
Categorical Imperative ◽  
Sufficient Reason ◽  
Good Sense ◽  
Moral Purpose ◽  
The Third ◽  
Intensive Quantities ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Way

This essay starts from a consideration of Deleuze's theory of time. It begins with the empty form of time. But the essay's aim is to understand Deleuze's reversal of Platonism in his 1968 Difference and Repetition. There is no question that the stakes of the reversal of Platonism are ontological. But I argue that what is really at stake is a movement of demoralisation. The essay proceeds in three steps. First, we determine what sufficient reason or grounding is, for Deleuze. Sufficient reason is struck with an irreducible ambiguity. It is this ambiguity in sufficient reason that allows it to be taken advantage of, to be used by representation and good sense for a moral purpose. The second part of the essay will therefore concern ‘the moralisation of sufficient reason’. Its focus will be good sense. But then, third, we must understand Deleuze's ‘demoralisation of sufficient reason’, which necessarily passes through others. Like sufficient reason, others are ambiguous, at once lending themselves to what cancels differences, and opening the way towards difference and intensity. The third step focuses on what Deleuze calls ‘the ethics of intensive quantities’. In the Conclusion, I examine Deleuze's famous, almost cliché, definition of ethics as not being unworthy of the event and, through the empty form of time, I connect it to Kant's formalistic ethics.

Mastering the “Distribution of Fruits and Seeds” Theme (Lesson on the “World Around Us” Discipline at the Third Grade of Primary School)

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 37-40
Author(s):  
Ткаченко ◽  
I. Tkachenko
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Intellectual Development ◽  
Third Graders ◽  
Third Grade ◽  
Active Teaching ◽  
The Third ◽  
The World ◽  
Teaching Technique ◽  
The Way

The paper presents the way to give third-graders a lesson for mastering the theme of “Fruits and Seeds of Plants” within the “Nature Kingdom” Section of the “World Around Us” learning Course. The teacher is to involve active teaching technique by means of inviting students to play the role of explorers. Embracing the active cognitive stance helps to boost intellectual development, that is, to master the skills of analysis, comparison and generalization.

scholarly journals The fine-tuning argument: the Bayesian version

2002 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 375-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. BRADLEY
Keyword(s):  
Final Section ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Existence Of God ◽  
Vast Number ◽  
Traditional Theism ◽  
The Third ◽  
Objectivist Theory ◽  
Theory Of Value ◽  
The Way

This paper considers the Bayesian form of the fine-tuning argument as advanced by Richard Swinburne. An expository section aims to identify the precise character of the argument, and three lines of objection are then advanced. The first of these holds that there is an inconsistency in Swinburne's procedure, the second that his argument has an unacceptable dependence on an objectivist theory of value, the third that his method is powerless to single out traditional theism from a vast number of competitors. In the final section of the paper the fine-tuning argument is considered, not now as self-standing, but as one of a number of theistic arguments taken together and applied in the manner of the final chapter of Swinburne's The Existence of God. It is argued that points already made also block the way for this line of thought.

The Argument from Intentionality (or Aboutness)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorraine Juliano Keller
Keyword(s):  
Existence Of God ◽  
Eternal Truths ◽  
Theistic Argument ◽  
Finite Minds ◽  
The Way

The Theistic Argument from Intentionality (TAI) is a venerable argument for the existence of God from the existence of eternal truths. The argument relies inter alia on the premises that (i) truth requires representation, and that (ii) non-derivative representation is a function of, and only of, minds. If propositions are the fundamental bearers of truth and falsity, then these premises entail that propositions (or at least their representational properties) depend on minds. Although it is widely thought that psychologism—the view that the fundamental truth-bearers are mind-dependent—was refuted by Frege, a psychologistic view of propositions has been undergoing a revival. However, this new psychologism suffers from a problem of scarcity—finite minds cannot generate enough thoughts to play the role of fundamental truth-bearers. This objection paves the way for a revised version of the TAI: only an infinite mind can furnish enough thoughts to play the role of propositions.

scholarly journals Legal-Juridical Analysis of the Basis and Impact of Harmful Contracts on the Relations of the Sides and the Third Parties under the Act 2014 of the Way of Implementing Financial Sentences

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 188
Author(s):  
Mahboobeh Mina ◽  
Mehdi Sokhanvar ◽  
Davood Jahanbazi ◽  
Seyyed Hoseyn Hoseyni Rechi
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Third Parties ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Relativity Principle ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Relative Lack ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Way

Given the relativity principle of contracts their impacts in proportion to third parties are an exceptional issue. In a possible assumption there is a possibility of harm and damage to a third party because of the contract between two people. In our juridical texts, some religious experts have sporadically in a topic of jurisprudence stated the instances of these contracts and have considered two theories of validity and invalidity about them. On the basis of this assumption, although the law of the way of implementing financial sentences considered hanged in 2014 but its 21st article with a bit of expansion has considered the former result. Therefore concerning these contracts by considering the valuable rule of the principle of no harm, we can accept the theory of relative lack of influence. Given the importance and role of the contracts in the life of community members and the lack of determining the influence of such contracts in legal and juridical texts the analysis of these impacts seems to be necessary. In the present article by analyzing the subject in legal and juridical texts of Iran the influence of these contracts in the relation between the parties and in proportion to third party is analyzed.

Insufficient reason in the ‘new cosmological argument’

2001 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 485-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
KEVIN DAVEY ◽  
ROB CLIFTON
Keyword(s):  
Recent Article ◽  
Sufficient Reason ◽  
Cosmological Argument ◽  
Existence Of God ◽  
Principle Of Sufficient Reason ◽  
Insufficient Reason ◽  
The Way

In a recent article in this journal, Richard Gale and Alexander Pruss offer a new cosmological proof for the existence of God relying only on the Weak Principle of Sufficient Reason, W-PSR. We argue that their proof relies on applications of W-PSR that cannot be justified, and that our modal intuitions simply do not support W-PSR in the way Gale and Pruss take them to.

The Role of Semiconductor Distributors in the Japanese Semiconductor Market

2011 ◽  
pp. 111-118
Author(s):  
Akihiko Nagai ◽  
Koji Tanabe
Keyword(s):  
Significant Role ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
The Third ◽  
Integrated Device ◽  
The Way

In 2009, the global semiconductor market was worth $219.6 billion. Japan has the third largest semiconductor market at $38.3 billion, behind America and China. Japan has a unique semiconductor distribution system based on close relations between semiconductor distributors and major IDMs (integrated device manufacturers), electronics manufacturers, and automobile manufacturers. Because of this, it is difficult for overseas semiconductor manufacturers and fabless semiconductor companies to enter the market. Semiconductor distributors play a significant role in Japan’s semiconductor distribution system. The semiconductor market here has four main characteristics. These characteristics are the reason why Japan’s semiconductor distribution system has developed the way it has.

استبدال اللفظ المرادف بلفظ الحديث وأثره في الاستدلال بالحديث النبوي الشريف عند الأصوليين

2020 ◽  
pp. arabic cover-english cover
Author(s):  
Abdul Majeed Mahmoud Al-Salahin ◽  
Salima Abdul Hadi Hamad Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
General Expression ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The Third ◽  
Islamic Jurisprudence ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Way

تتناول هذه الدراسة جانباً مهمًّا من جوانب الدراسات الأصولية المتعلقة بالحديث النبوي الشريف، وهي مسألة الترادف، بتنزيل معطياتها على مسألة استبدال اللفظ المرادف بلفظ الحديث عند الرواية. وقد تطرقت هذه الدراسة إلى جملة من المسائل منها: - تحديد مفهوم الاستبدال اللفظ بالمرادف، وكيفية إثبات وقوع هذا الاستبدال، وحكمه. - بيان أثر استبدال المجاز بالحقيقة، والصفة أو الحالة أو النسبة بالاسم، والعام بالخاص أو الخاص بالعام، والاستبدال لغرض التأدب في اللفظ وأقوال الأصوليين في كل صورة. كما تناولت الدراسة أثر الاستبدال بين الحروف الذي تأرجح بين استبدال مؤثر في الحكم الفقهي، وبين استبدال مؤثر في المعنى دون الحكم، واستبدال لا أثر له في المعنى أو الحكم الفقهي. الكلمات المفتاحية: الحديث - الرواية - الاستبدال – المرادف. This study tackles an important subject in the science of Principles of Islamic Jurisprudence, Usul al-Fiqh, in relation with the Prophetic Traditions, al-Hadith al-Nabawi; i.e. the subjects of Synonyms, through applying it on replacing the synonymous of the expression in the case of narrating Hadith . The study assesses the concept of Replacement with Synonymous, the way of implement it, and its role. It studies also the impact of replacement of truth meaning with metaphor, and noun with a pronoun, or a case. This is in addition to the replacement of general expression with a specifc one, and vice versa. Moreover, it studies the role of replacement for the reason of respect. The previously mentioned issues are researched according to the controversial opinions for scholars of this major. Furthermore, it examines the impact of replacement between letters on understanding and derivation. The role of the latter case is different according to three situations. The frst is where this replacement is effective in deriving legal ruling. The second is it is effective in the meaning and not in the derivation of ruling. The third is related to the case where it is not effective neither for meaning understanding, nor ruling derivation. Keywords: Alhadith - the novel - substitution - synonym.

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