The Network and the Demos: Big Data and the Epistemic Justifications of Democracy

2020 ◽  
pp. 119-134
Author(s):  
Dave Kinkead ◽  
David M. Douglas
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Political Advertising ◽  
Marketplace Of Ideas ◽  
Limited Effect ◽  
The Public ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Challenges

In this chapter, Kinkead and Douglas draw on the history of democracies to see how big data and its use with social media sites introduces new challenges to the contemporary marketplace of ideas. They note that traditionally one could narrowcast a tailored message with some impunity, but limited effect, while broadcasts (with larger impact) were open to examination by the public. Microtargeted political advertising now allows for the narrowcast message to be tweaked and directed on a scale never before seen.

New Wars and Their Visual Representation: Dead Bodies without Graves/Mourne

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Tuncay Şur ◽  
Betül Yarar
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Visual Representation ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
The Public ◽  
Photographic Images ◽  
War Photography ◽  
New Wars ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact

This paper seeks to understand why there has been an increase in photographic images exposing military violence or displaying bodies killed by military forces and how they can freely circulate in the public without being censored or kept hidden. In other words, it aims to analyze this particular issue as a symptom of the emergence of new wars and a new regime of their visual representation. Within this framework, it attempts to relate two kinds of literature that are namely the history of war and war photography with the bridge of theoretical discussions on the real, its photographic representation, power, and violence.  Rather than systematic empirical analysis, the paper is based on a theoretical attempt which is reflected on some socio-political observations in the Middle East where there has been ongoing wars or new wars. The core discussion of the paper is supported by a brief analysis of some illustrative photographic images that are served through the social media under the circumstances of war for instance in Turkey between Turkish military troops and the Kurdish militants. The paper concludes that in line with the process of dissolution/transformation of the old nation-state formations and globalization, the mechanism and mode of power have also transformed to the extent that it resulted in the emergence of new wars. This is one dynamic that we need to recognize in relation to the above-mentioned question, the other is the impact of social media in not only delivering but also receiving war photographies. Today these changes have led the emergence of new machinery of power in which the old modern visual/photographic techniques of representing wars without human beings, torture, and violence through censorship began to be employed alongside medieval power techniques of a visual exhibition of tortures and violence.

A Social Media Big Data-Based Disaster Assessment Framework for Typhoon-induced Flood: Case Study of Typhoon Lekima

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiting Tang ◽  
Saini Yang ◽  
Weiping Wang
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Emergency Management ◽  
Text Classification ◽  
Text Clustering ◽  
Assessment Framework ◽  
The Public ◽  
Source Data ◽  
Disaster Assessment

<p>In 2019, the typhoon Lekima hit China, bringing strong winds and heavy rainfall to the nine provinces and municipalities on the northeastern coast of China. According to the Ministry of Emergency Management of the People’s Republic of China, Lekima caused 66 direct fatalities, 14 million affected people and is responsible for a direct economic loss in excess of 50 billion yuan. The current observation technologies include remote sensing and meteorological observation. But they have a long time cycle of data collection and a low interaction with disaster victims. Social media big data is a new data source for natural disaster research, which can provide technical reference for natural hazard analysis, risk assessment and emergency rescue information management.</p><p>We propose an assessment framework of social media data-based typhoon-induced flood assessment, which includes five parts: (1) <strong>Data acquisition.</strong> Obtain Sina Weibo text and some tag attributes based on keywords, time and location. (2) <strong>Spatiotemporal quantitative analysis.</strong> Collect the public concerns and trends from the perspective of words, time and space of different scales to judge the impact range of typhoon-induced flood. (3) <strong>Text classification and multi-source heterogeneous data fusion analysis.</strong> Build a hazard intensity and disaster text classification model by CNN (Convolutional Neural Networks), then integrate multi-source data including meteorological monitoring, population economy and disaster report for secondary evaluation and correction. (4) <strong>Text clustering and sub event mining.</strong> Extract subevents by BIRCH (Balanced Iterative Reducing and Clustering using Hierarchies) text clustering algorithms for automatic recognition of emergencies. (5) <strong>Emotional analysis and crisis management.</strong> Use time-space sequence model and four-quadrant analysis method to track the public negative emotions and find the potential crisis for emergency management.</p><p>This framework is validated with the case study of typhoon Lekima. The results show that social media big data makes up for the gap of data efficiency and spatial coverage. Our framework can assess the influence coverage, hazard intensity, disaster information and emergency needs, and it can reverse the disaster propagation process based on the spatiotemporal sequence. The assessment results after the secondary correction of multi-source data can be used in the actual system.</p><p>The proposed framework can be applied on a wide spatial scope and even full coverage; it is spatially efficient and can obtain feedback from affected areas and people almost immediately at the same time as a disaster occurs. Hence, it has a promising potential in large-scale and real-time disaster assessment.</p>

scholarly journals A Third Wave of Selective Exposure Research? The Challenges Posed by Hyperpartisan News on Social Media

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 4-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Barnidge ◽  
Cynthia Peacock
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Selective Exposure ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Third Wave ◽  
New Era ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Challenges

Hyperpartisan news on social media presents new challenges for selective exposure theory. These challenges are substantial enough to usher in a new era—a third wave—of selective exposure research. In this essay, we trace the history of the first two waves of research in order to better understand the current situation. We then assess the implications of recent developments for selective exposure research.

New Wars and Their Visual Representation: Dead Bodies without Graves/Mourne

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-76
Author(s):  
Tuncay Şur ◽  
Betül Yarar
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Visual Representation ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
The Public ◽  
Photographic Images ◽  
War Photography ◽  
New Wars ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact

This paper seeks to understand why there has been an increase in photographic images exposing military violence or displaying bodies killed by military forces and how they can freely circulate in the public without being censored or kept hidden. In other words, it aims to analyze this particular issue as a symptom of the emergence of new wars and a new regime of their visual representation. Within this framework, it attempts to relate two kinds of literature that are namely the history of war and war photography with the bridge of theoretical discussions on the real, its photographic representation, power, and violence.  Rather than systematic empirical analysis, the paper is based on a theoretical attempt which is reflected on some socio-political observations in the Middle East where there has been ongoing wars or new wars. The core discussion of the paper is supported by a brief analysis of some illustrative photographic images that are served through the social media under the circumstances of war for instance in Turkey between Turkish military troops and the Kurdish militants. The paper concludes that in line with the process of dissolution/transformation of the old nation-state formations and globalization, the mechanism and mode of power have also transformed to the extent that it resulted in the emergence of new wars. This is one dynamic that we need to recognize in relation to the above-mentioned question, the other is the impact of social media in not only delivering but also receiving war photographies. Today these changes have led the emergence of new machinery of power in which the old modern visual/photographic techniques of representing wars without human beings, torture, and violence through censorship began to be employed alongside medieval power techniques of a visual exhibition of tortures and violence.

The Biased Media and Their Utilization of Propaganda

2021 ◽  
pp. 199-217
Author(s):  
David B. Ross ◽  
Gina L. Peyton ◽  
Melissa T. Sasso ◽  
Rande W. Matteson ◽  
Cortney E. Matteson
Keyword(s):  
Complex System ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
Cable News ◽  
The Public ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Media ◽  
Media Politics ◽  
Media Reports ◽  
Definition Of

Propaganda is a widely controversial issue, especially when it collides with the media and politicians. This complex system creates a tension between those who have a personal agenda to disseminate false statements to advance their plan to manipulate the minds of the public. Based upon 24/7 cable news and social media, there seems to be a miscommunication and disconnect from the truth regarding how the media reports world events, politics, environment, and how politicians were elected to help their constituents, not their own personal agendas. This chapter will address the concern for a better system of reporting the facts and not personal agendas of propaganda-styled broadcasts and non-fact stories that lack truth. In addition, the history of the utilization of propaganda, the definition of this term, the theoretical framework for the theory of propaganda will be revealed, and how this ties in with media and political actors. Furthermore, various techniques, media, politics, and how to rectify these situations with open, trusting, and straightforward communications will be debated.

The new role of radio and its public in the age of social network sites

First Monday ◽  
2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiziano Bonini
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Walter Benjamin ◽  
Information Economy ◽  
The Public ◽  
Production And Distribution ◽  
Radio Studies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Last Stage ◽  
Theory Of Value

A culture of co–creation is emerging in art, design, architecture (Armstrong and Stojmirovic, 2011), music, video, literature and other productive fields like manufacturing, urban agriculture and biotech. Many of the tools of production and distribution used by professionals are available to the broader public. Publics are becoming more and more productive (Jenkins, 1992; Arvidsson, 2011). The rise of these phenomena suggests that a new modality of value creation is affirming itself in the information economy (Arvidsson and Colleoni, 2012). This emerging co–creation culture and a new theory of value also affect the radiophonic medium. The combination between radio and social networks sites (SNS) brought to completion a long historical process by virtue of which the distance with the public decreases, as Walter Benjamin already understood in his work on the relation between radio and society. In this paper I will focus on the changes that the publics of radio have undergone in the last stage of this “history of distance”, since they started to use social media, in particular Facebook: change in the publicness of publics; in the value of publics (publics are participating into the production process); in the speaker–to–listener relationship (where a new form of intimacy is becoming predominant) and in the listener–to–listener one; in the role and ethic of the radio producer (which is becoming more curatorial and less productive). To do this I will have to mix two different fields of studies: the radio studies tradition and emerging studies about social media.

scholarly journals PROTEKSI PRIVASI BIG DATA DALAM MEDIA SOSIAL

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-33
Author(s):  
Winarsih Winarsih ◽  
Irwansyah Irwansyah
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Data Storage ◽  
Data Privacy ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Privacy Management ◽  
Communication Privacy Management ◽  
The Public ◽  
Privacy Issues

AbstrakPerkembangan media sosial di Indonesia begitu pesat dengan jumlah pengguna yang  terus  meningkat.   Akan   tetapi  hal  tersebut   kurang  diimbangi   dengan kesadaran tentang privasi dalam kaitannya dengan big data yang dihasilkan oleh penyedia  layanan.  Penyedia  layanan  memberikan  kebijakan  berupa  syarat dan ketentuan  akan tetapi masyarakat  umumnya masih rendah dalam hal memiliki kesadaran  tentang privasi  data pribadi  mereka.  Penelitian  ini bertujuan  untuk mengetahui  solusi dari permasalahan  privasi  big data  dalam  media  sosial  dan dianalisis   dengan   teori  privasi   komunikasi.   Metode  yang  digunakan   dalam penelitian ini adalah metode meta-analisis yang mengolah hasil temuan dari penelitian sebelumnya. Hasil dari penelitian ini berupa solusi bagi perlindungan privasi data individu saat pembuatan, penyimpanan, dan pemrosesan data. Kata Kunci: data besar, Indonesia, kebijakan, media sosial, privasi AbstractThe development of social media in Indonesia is high increasing. However, this is not  accompanied   by  awareness   of  privacy  in  its  commitment   to  big  data generated  by service providers.  The service provider provides an agreed policy, will provide the public about their data privacy issues. This article used Communication Privacy Management to finding solution about big data privacy problems.   The  method  used  in  this  study  is  a  meta-analysis   method   that processes  the findings  from previous  studies.  The results  of this study contain solutions for privacy protection when creating data, data storage, and processing data. Keywords: big data, Indonesia, policy, social media, privacy

Politics of Space and its Shadows

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongsei Kim ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
Collective Intelligence ◽  
Semantic Segmentation ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
The Public ◽  
Emergent Technologies ◽  
The Relationship

This paper examines what the public, architects, urban designers, and city officials can learn about significant public spaces from emergent technologies and data generated from growing social media. Interrogating this analytical method aids us to recognize social media’s potentials, such as gaining a deeper understanding of the relationship between how public spaces are “represented” and how they are “physically experienced” through the means of technology. This investigation combines emerging image recognizing algorithms— Semantic Segmentation—with location-tagged images from Instagram to investigate the newly opened Seoullo 7017 walkway in Seoul. It argues that we should recognize these newly generated “big data” as a form of “collective intelligence” that can stimulate proactive engagement with our everyday interactions with public space. Equally, the findings of this investigation reveal to our society how to cautiously engage these “collective intelligence” with counterbalancing values.

scholarly journals Solid and Living: The Italian Woolf Renaissance

2020 ◽  
pp. 183-198
Author(s):  
Elisa Bolchi
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Virginia Woolf ◽  
Public Domain ◽  
Early History ◽  
Italian Translation ◽  
The Public ◽  
Historical Archive ◽  
Translation Rights ◽  
History Of ◽  
Death Of The Author

This chapter examines the renewed attention that Virginia Woolf has been enjoying in Italy since her publication rights expired in 2011 and how such attention has kept growing together with Woolf’s appeal, consolidating her as a cultural icon in Italy. The study starts with an introduction to the early history of the publication of Woolf in Italy, mainly thorough documents held at the historical archive of Mondadori, the publisher who owned the Italian translation rights of the writer since 1944. When the rights first expired in 1991, a wave of retranslations appeared on the Italian marketplace, but the duration of the publication rights was soon extended to 70 years from the death of the author. Once Woolf’s works were finally in the public domain, their publication in Italy appeared in three venues: retranslations of her most important novels by leading publishers, translations of works that had never been translated before, and refined editions of her books by small, independent publishers. All of this ushered an ‘Italian Woolf Renaissance’. Including interviews with translators and publishers of Woolf’s works, and analysing their reception in the Italian cultural network through websites and social media, this chapter elucidates the reasons behind this ‘Woolf Renaissance’.

scholarly journals Museums and the Traps of Social Media: The Case of the Auschwitz-Birkenau Memorial and Museum

2020 ◽  
pp. 223-250
Author(s):  
Ewa Manikowska
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Online Community ◽  
Social Activism ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Mission Statements ◽  
Controversial Issues ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
History Of

In this article I discuss both the recent threats as well as opportunities posed by social media to the activities of museums, taking into account social media’s importance as an evolving space of both social outreach and social activism. Recalling the controversies around the U.S. and UK museums’ social media responses to George Floyd’s death, I argue that museums run the risk of politicization and entanglement in controversial issues which are not necessarily linked to their profile and mission. I analyse museums’ social media guidelines, good practices, and mission statements, and posit that they play a fundamental role in integrating the new realm of the Web 2.0 into traditional museum activities. My main case study and example of good practice is the Auschwitz-Birkenau Memorial and Museum. It has constantly embedded general ethical and educational principles and guidelines of Holocaust commemoration and education into its more than 60-years’ experience in dealing with and taming political and cultural controversies surrounding this memory site of universal importance, and this embeddedness lies at the core of its social media activity. Defined as an “online community of remembrance”, it consists of well-thought-out initiatives which aim at informing the public about the everyday history of the camp, involving itself in the current commemorations and anniversaries, and rectifying simplifications and misinformation about Auschwitz and the Holocaust. I also analyse the fundamental role played by the official social media profiles in managing the crisis which arose at the beginning of 2018 with the amendment of the socalled “Holocaust Law” in Poland.

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