Peering Beyond the Imperial Gaze: Using Digital Tools to Construct a Spatial History of Conquest

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy M. Mikecz
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous People ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Narrative Analysis ◽  
Digital Tools ◽  
Spanish Conquest ◽  
Digital Maps ◽  
Spatial History ◽  
Colonial Texts ◽  
History Of ◽  
Spatial Narrative

Ethnohistorians and other scholars have long noted how European colonial texts often concealed the presence and participation of indigenous peoples in New World conquests. This scholarship has examined how European sources (both texts and maps) have denied indigenous history, omitted indigenous presence, elided indigenous agency, and ignored indigenous spaces all while exaggerating their own power and importance. These works provide examples of colonial authors performing these erasures, often as a means to dispossess. What they lack, however, is a systematic means of identifying, locating, and measuring these silences in space and time. This article proposes a spatial history methodology which can make visible, as well as measurable and quantifiable the ways in which indigenous people and spaces have been erased by colonial narratives. It presents two methods for doing this. First, narrative analysis and geovisualization are used to deconstruct the imperial histories found in colonial European sources. Second it combines text with maps to tell a new (spatial) narrative of conquest. This new narrative reconstructs indigenous activity through a variety of digital maps, including ‘mood maps’, indigenous activity maps, and maps of indigenous aid. The resulting spatial narrative shows the Spanish conquest of Peru was never inevitable and was dependent on the constant aid of immense numbers of indigenous people.

scholarly journals CECA e COMIN: A sociedade civil promovendo cidadania desde outras pedagogias

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (15) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Nivea Ivette Núñez de la Paz E Renate Gierus
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Social Movements ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Indigenous People ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Student Leaders ◽  
Civil Society Organizations ◽  
Educational Processes ◽  
History Of

Este artigo, embasado em relatos de experiências, quer compartilhar processos educativos vivenciados a partir de duas organizações da sociedade civil - OSCs, o Centro Ecumênico de Capacitação e Assessoria - CECA e o Conselho de Missão entre Povos Indígenas-COMIN, instituições que tem suas sedes localizadas em São Leopoldo/RS. O CECA atua na formação de lideranças estudantis, comunitárias, de movimentos eclesiais e sociais; e o COMIN, com povos indígenas, ambas na promoção de cidadania e direitos humanos. Iniciamos o relato com um breve histórico de cada instituição, seguido da descrição metodológica da experiência, finalizando com uma análise da mesma.This article, based on experience reports, wants to share educational processes experienced based on two civil society organizations - OSCs, Ecumenical Centre for Training and Consultancy - CECA and Council of Mission among Indigenous people - COMIN, institutions that have their headquarters located in São Leopoldo / RS. CECA acts with formation of student leaders, community, ecclesial and social movements; and COMIN with indigenous peoples, both promote citizenship and human rights. We begin this reporting with a brief history of each institution, followed by the methodological description of the experience, ending with an analysis of that experience.

Where Caciques and Mapmakers Met

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Alan Jr. Erbig
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
South America ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Spatial History ◽  
Late Eighteenth Century ◽  
Native Sovereignty ◽  
History Of ◽  
Joint Mapping ◽  
Territorial Claims ◽  
Imperial Reforms

During the late eighteenth century, Portugal and Spain sent joint mapping expeditions to draw a nearly 10,000-mile border between Brazil and Spanish South America. These boundary commissions were the largest ever sent to the Americas and coincided with broader imperial reforms enacted throughout the hemisphere. Where Caciques and Mapmakers Met considers what these efforts meant to Indigenous peoples whose lands the border crossed. Moving beyond common frameworks that assess mapped borders strictly via colonial law or Native sovereignty, it examines the interplay between imperial and Indigenous spatial imaginaries. What results is an intricate spatial history of border making in southeastern South America (present-day Argentina, Brazil, and Uruguay) with global implications. Drawing upon manuscripts from over two dozen archives in seven countries, Jeffrey Erbig traces on-the-ground interactions between Ibero-American colonists, Jesuit and Guaraní mission-dwellers, and autonomous Indigenous peoples as they responded to ever-changing notions of territorial possession. It reveals that Native agents shaped when and where the border was drawn, and fused it to their own territorial claims. While mapmakers' assertions of Indigenous disappearance or subjugation shaped historiographical imaginaries thereafter, Erbig reveals that the formation of a border was contingent upon Native engagement and authority.

scholarly journals Development and Culture in the Context of Chittagong Hill Tracts (Cht), Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-103
Author(s):  
Sabiha Yeasmin Rosy
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous People ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
Development Project ◽  
Development Projects ◽  
Chittagong Hill Tracts ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Military Presence ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government

This paper aims to understand the background of development and draws a link to culture in the context of Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT) - a post conflict region – to explore how the dispossession and commercialisation of culture in development planning is processing tension between different actors by reviewing secondary literature. The Indigenous people of Bangladesh have a longstanding history of struggle to achieve self-determination due to their institutional reference as ‘tribes’ or ‘ethnic minorities’. Denial of Indigenous peoples’ identity contributes to their discrimination and violation within the existing development concerns. The specific structural regulations and resource mobilization activities resulting from institutions – government, military, and powerful individuals - in areas inhabited by Indigenous people reflect the asymmetrical relations between Indigenous peoples and Bangalee actors. The conflict started in this region with the mobilization of ethnic majority Bangalee through the settlement programs in 1970s as a part of ‘development’ project, which later created tensions in this region due to the exploitation of people, land, and culture. As the government and ongoing military presence greatly shape ‘development’ for local people, the power relations between different actors facilitate the various forms of exploitative development projects. In addition, the ignorance towards integration of culture in development projects results in imposing threats to Indigenous peoples’ lives, livelihoods, and access to resources. This paper focuses on the economic expansions in this region from modernist perspectives drawing the example of tourism development in the CHT, which can marginalize and exploit Indigenous people in the making of ‘development’, Social Science Review, Vol. 37(2), Dec 2020 Page 87-103

scholarly journals Prevalence of Psychological Disorders Among the Indigenous Population of Canada

SURG Journal ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brody DeChamplain
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous People ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Indigenous Population ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Psychological Disorder ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Disability Status ◽  
Health Related ◽  
History Of ◽  
Psychological Disability

In the last several years, there has been an increase in interest in the history of Canada’s Indigenous peoples. This, in turn, has called attention to health-related topics such as the proportion of the Indigenous population which suffers from a psychological disorder. Using statistics drawn from Statistics Canada’s 2014 General Social Survey on Victimization, this study examines the percentage of respondents who report having a mental/psychological disorder and analyzes the percentage in terms of the heritage of the respondents. According to the findings, a larger proportion of Indigenous people reported having a psychological disorder than non-Indigenous people. The results, along with past literature, provide evidence which supports a statistically significant relationship between "Aboriginal group – Respondent" and "Mental/psychological disability status."

The Stolen Generations of Australia: Narratives of Loss and Survival

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 242-258
Author(s):  
Clare Bradford
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous People ◽  
Life Writing ◽  
Early Colonial ◽  
Indigenous Children ◽  
Colonial Texts ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Treated Child ◽  
Policies And Practices

Australian texts for the young run the gamut of representational approaches to the removal of Indigenous children. Early colonial texts treated child removals as benign acts designed to rescue Indigenous children from savagery, but from the 1960s Indigenous writers produced life writing and fiction that pursued strategies of decolonisation. This essay plots the history of Stolen Generation narratives in Australia, from the first Australian account for children in Charlotte Barton's A Mother's Offering to Her Children to Doris Pilkington Garimara's Follow the Rabbit-Proof Fence, Philip Noyce's film Rabbit-Proof Fence, and pedagogical materials that mediate the book and film to children. Garimara's book and Noyce's film expose the motivations of those responsible for child removal policies and practices: to eliminate Indigenous people and cultures and to replace them with white populations. Many pedagogical materials deploy euphemistic and self-serving narratives that seek to ‘protect’ non-Indigenous children from the truths of colonisation.

Indigenous Peoples and Cultural Survival

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscilla A. Day
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous People ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Cultural Survival ◽  
Living Well ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Many

Indigenous people across the globe are struggling for the cultural survival of their families and communities. This article provides an overview of indigenous people across the world and some of the many challenges they face to keep their cultures alive and strong. Indigenous peoples live throughout the world and share many common characteristics, which are described in detail in the article. Historical and contemporary challenges affecting cultural survival are provided, including accounts of the history of colonization and some of its lasting impacts on indigenous people and their cultures. Bolivia is highlighted as a country that has embraced the “living well” concept. The article closes by encouraging people to learn about and become allies with indigenous people because, ultimately, we are all impacted by the same threats.

Feeding Indigenous people in Canada

2020 ◽  
pp. 002087282091621
Author(s):  
Tabitha Robin (Martens) ◽  
Mary Kate Dennis ◽  
Michael Anthony Hart
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
Indigenous People ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
Policy Decisions ◽  
Indigenous Cultures ◽  
Indigenous Children ◽  
History Of

Historically, hunger was used as a tool of coercion and manipulation, and as a weapon to eradicate Indigenous populations. Through policy decisions, the support for and removal of Indigenous children, and other assimilative practices, social work has contributed to the perpetuation of ‘helping practices’ which damaged Indigenous cultures and well-being. Today, experiences of hunger are still tied to colonialism. There is a need to examine the complex history of feeding Indigenous peoples in Canada and to work to reclaim and heal Indigenous food systems. For social work, this requires an emphasis on Indigenous ways of helping led by Indigenous peoples.

scholarly journals O lugar dos povos indígenas na história do Brasil e em Alagoas: breves reflexões

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 415
Author(s):  
Taysa Kawanny Ferreira SANTOS ◽  
Inalda Maria dos SANTOS
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Indigenous People ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
Indian People ◽  
History Of ◽  
Investigación Cualitativa

RESUMOEste texto busca evidenciar algumas reflexões sobre os povos indígenas na História do Brasil e em Alagoas. Neste sentido a pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar os processos de silenciamento ocorridos ao longo da História do Brasil e especificamente em Alagoas. Teve como abordagem metodológica a pesquisa qualitativa e ancorou-se nos pressupostos da fenomenologiahermenêutica porque objetivou evidenciar os significados atribuídos pelos sujeitos ao fenômeno pesquisado. Tratou-se de um estudo de caso em que se adotou uma postura etnográfica de pesquisa, na intenção de valorizar a escuta, as observações e o respeito às práticas culturais. Povos indígenas. História. Resistência. The place of indigenous people in the history of Brazil and in Alagoas: brief reflections ABSTRACT This text seeks to highlight some reflections on indigenous peoples in the history of Brazil and in Alagoas. In this sense, the research aims to analyze the silencing processes that occurred throughout the history of Brazil and specifically in Alagoas. The methodological approach was based on qualitative research and was based on the assumptions of phenomenology-hermeneutics because it aimed to highlight the meanings attributed by the subjects to the researched phenomenon. It was a case study in which an ethnographic research stance was adopted, with the intention of valuing listening, observations and respect for cultural practices. Indian people. History. Resistance.El lugar de los pueblos indígenas en la historia de Brasil y en Alagoas: breves reflexiones RESUMEN Este texto busca resaltar algunas reflexiones sobre los pueblos indígenas en la Historia de Brasil y en Alagoas. En este sentido, la investigación tiene como objetivo analizar los procesos de silenciamiento que ocurrieron a lo largo de la historia de Brasil y específicamente en Alagoas. El enfoque metodológico se orientó en la investigación cualitativa y se basó en los supuestos de la fenomenología-hermenéutica porque pretendía resaltar los significados atribuidos por los sujetos al fenómeno investigado. Fue un estudio de caso en el que se adoptó una postura de investigación etnográfica, con la intención de valorar la escucha, las observaciones y el respeto por las prácticas culturales. Pueblos indígenas. Historia. Resistencia. Il posto delle popolazioni indigene nella storia del Brasile e di Alagoas: brevi riflessioni SINTESE Questo testo cerca di evidenziare alcune riflessioni sulle popolazioni indigene nella storia del Brasile e in Alagoas. In questo senso, la ricerca mira ad analizzare i processi di silenziamento che si sono verificati nella storia del Brasile e in particolare ad Alagoas. L'approccio metodologico si basava sulla ricerca qualitativa e si basava sui presupposti della fenomenologia ermeneutica perché intendeva evidenziare i significati attribuiti dai soggetti al fenomeno indagato. È stato un caso di studio in cui è stata adottata una posizione di ricerca etnografica, con l'intenzione di valutare l'ascolto, le osservazioni e il rispetto delle pratiche culturali. Popoli indigeni. Storia. Resistenza.

10. Ecology and indigeneity

2020 ◽  
pp. 129-139
Author(s):  
Robert J. C. Young
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous People ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Postcolonial Studies ◽  
Resource Extraction ◽  
Industrial Capitalism ◽  
Colonial History ◽  
History Of

‘Ecology and indigeneity’ assesses how postcolonial studies have shifted in emphasis from colonial history of exploitation colonies to those where the settler colonists themselves were the ones who achieved independence. This has led to an increasing focus on the relation between settlers and indigenous peoples of settler colonies whose land was appropriated or is being destroyed through resource extraction. A concern for ecology, particularly in the context of its destruction by modern industrial capitalism and its products, has also led to a different awareness of the richness of the traditions of indigenous people. Indigenous ecopolitics can be studied the examples of the Chipko movement in India and Greenbelt Movement in Kenya.

scholarly journals A experiência de estar na universidade sob a ótica de uma indígena estudante da pós-graduação

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 158
Author(s):  
Gilza Ferreira de Souza Felipe Pereira ◽  
Wagner Roberto do Amaral ◽  
Jenifer Araujo Barroso Bilar
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Indigenous People ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Public Universities ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Academic Environments ◽  
Political Struggles ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Strategies

The present work, the result of the dialogical authorship between an indigenous academic and researcher and two non-indigenous researchers involved in this theme, intends to contribute to greater visibility and recognition of the trajectories of indigenous scholars and professionals formed by public universities in a recent context of affirmative actions that enable the entry and permanence of indigenous and afro-descendant populations in Brazil and Latin America. These subjects have been inserted in the higher education and intensively worked in the most different spaces of student stay, of political struggles, of social and cultural recognition, not only in academic environments but also in the daily life of their communities of belonging. It is a qualitative research, carried out through bibliographical review, documentary research and the report of the experience of an indigenous academic and researcher. The undertaken reflections highlight the daily challenges experienced by indigenous peoples as researchers, intellectuals, protagonists, subjects and authors of the knowledge produced by them, inaugurating an unprecedented moment in the history of indigenous people in Brazil and contributing to new strategies of resistance and strengthening of indigenous people struggles.

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