scholarly journals Disabled Operators: Training Disabled Ex-servicemen as Projectionists during the Great War

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-114
Author(s):  
Lawrence Napper
Keyword(s):  
Film Industry ◽  
Public Image ◽  
The Public ◽  
Disabled Veterans ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The Disabled ◽  
The Face ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Great War ◽  
First World

This article offers an account of the various schemes for the training of disabled ex-servicemen as projectionists during the First World War. It places those schemes within the context of wider activities of the film industry in support of the war through the rubric of ‘practical patriotism’ arguing that, like those other schemes, the training was designed to enhance the public image of the industry as much as it was designed to help disabled veterans themselves. Using evidence from local and national newspapers as well as trade papers and records on film itself, the article describes the design of the schemes and their spread throughout the country. Cinema was also adopted as a central tool in the Ministry of Pension's strategy for publicising a variety of veterans' rehabilitation schemes and the disabled operators' schemes offer a particularly self-reflexive example of how this policy developed. The question of what kinds of disabled veterans benefited from the scheme is addressed, and the popular understanding they were directed primarily at veterans with facial disfigurements is refuted. The growing dissatisfaction with the schemes expressed by veteran's organisations through 1917–18 is noted. The sudden abandonment of the scheme at the end of the war in the face of political questions surrounding the re-employment of returning veterans in their pre-war roles is discussed. Parallels with the fate of female projectionists (projectionettes), and the implications for the post-war unionisation of projectionists are also considered.

scholarly journals The Austro-Hungarian occupation regime in Serbia and its break-down in 1918

Balcanica ◽  
2015 ◽  
pp. 107-133
Author(s):  
Dimitrije Djordjevic
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Economic Exploitation ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Great War ◽  
First World

This paper discusses the occupation of Serbia during the First World War by Austro-Hungarian forces. The first partial occupation was short-lived as the Serbian army repelled the aggressors after the Battle of Kolubara in late 1914, but the second one lasted from fall 1915 until the end of the Great War. The Austro-Hungarian occupation zone in Serbia covered the largest share of Serbia?s territory and it was organised in the shape of the Military Governorate on the pattern of Austro-Hungarian occupation of part of Poland. The invaders did not reach a clear decision as to what to do with Serbian territory in post-war period and that gave rise to considerable frictions between Austro-Hungarian and German interests in the Balkans, then between Austrian and Hungarian interests and, finally, between military and civilian authorities within Military Governorate. Throughout the occupation Serbia was exposed to ruthless economic exploitation and her population suffered much both from devastation and from large-scale repression (including deportations, internments and denationalisation) on the part of the occupation regime.

“Why Can't I Have the Vote?”

2017 ◽  
pp. 117-144
Author(s):  
Argha Kumar Banerjee
Keyword(s):  
Early Years ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Women's Culture ◽  
History Of ◽  
Post War ◽  
Political Differences ◽  
Political Conviction ◽  
The Great War ◽  
First World

The First World War came at a crucial time when British women's suffrage campaigns were gathering momentum throughout the country. The culmination of the movement during these years, in spite of various social and political differences, enhanced female solidarity and political consciousness to a considerable degree. Hectic political activism also witnessed a phenomenal rise and propagation of an exclusive and extraordinary women's culture. The onset of the Great War however, struck a fatal blow to such an unprecedented female camaraderie and political conviction. My proposed chapter traces and gathers evidences in women's verse written during this time period extending from the pre-war years of the suffrage movement to the early years of the post-war demobilisation correlating them with some of the major developments in women's socio-political history of the period.

Victory, Defeat, Gender, and Disability: Blind War Veterans in Interwar Czechoslovakia

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 604-619
Author(s):  
Adam Luptak ◽  
John Paul Newman
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Barriers ◽  
World War ◽  
War Veterans ◽  
Disabled Veterans ◽  
The Social ◽  
The First World War ◽  
First Republic ◽  
The Disabled ◽  
Professional Responses ◽  
First World

Abstract This article examines the intersection between disability, gender, victory, and defeat in interwar Czechoslovakia. We look at a small but prominent group of disabled veterans: men who lost their sight fighting in the Austro-Hungarian army in the First World War. These veterans, unlike men who had fought in the pro-Entente Legionary divisions, were not celebrated in official and patriotic discourse in the First Republic. They had to find alternative outlets to express their place in society as disabled men. Through analysis of the most important associations for blind veterans, interwoven with a series of case studies, we consider how disability weakened, but did not completely remove, the social and cultural barriers that existed in interwar Czechoslovakia between “victorious” and “defeated” war veterans. We also analyze a series of literary and professional responses to blindness that show how blind veterans’ masculinity was renegotiated in the wake of their disability. Blind war veterans were considered throughout Czechoslovak society as the embodiment and the epitome of the disabled subject; their experiences thus speak more generally to the manner in which disability was experienced as a socially enforced category in Czechoslovakia.

VOLUNTARY SERVICE AND STATE HONOURS IN TWENTIETH-CENTURY BRITAIN

2015 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 641-661 ◽  
Author(s):  
TOBIAS HARPER
Keyword(s):  
British Empire ◽  
Public Image ◽  
British Politics ◽  
World War ◽  
Voluntary Service ◽  
The Public ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
First World ◽  
Do So

AbstractThe importance of the honours system as an institution in British politics and public life has frequently been underestimated. At the end of the First World War, the British government prioritized voluntary service to the state as an area which the honours system should reward more than others through the newly created Order of the British Empire. However, after the war the Order changed to focus more on civil servants, soldiers, and the broad category of ‘local service’. The latter could include volunteers, but more often did not. Various attempts to democratize honours through reforms from the 1960s focused on rewarding a wider range of service. The most successful of these was John Major's honours reform programme in 1993, which returned volunteer service to the forefront of the public image of honours. While these reforms were not as egalitarian as they seemed, they were successful because they integrated an ideology of crown honours with the other functions of the modern monarchy and opened up the honours system to a wider potential set of recipients. At the same time, they maintained a hierarchical structure that meant that elites who had traditionally enjoyed the exclusivity of high honours continued to do so.

'We Will Never Forget You': Christian Charities and the Rehabilitation of Disabled ex-Servicemen in Inter-War Leeds

2018 ◽  
pp. 47-63
Author(s):  
Bethany Rowley
Keyword(s):  
Religious Identity ◽  
First World War ◽  
Social Attitudes ◽  
Great War ◽  
World War ◽  
Disabled Veterans ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Great War ◽  
First World

The unprecedented number of disabled ex-servicemen is one of the evident, but often forgotten, legacies that the First World War left to Britain. For these men, and the organisations created to rehabilitate and reintegrate them back into civil life, the war did not end with the 1918 armistice. By using parish records, this paper will argue that disabled veterans were largely forgotten by religious charities within inter-war Leeds, despite attempts made by clergymen to help servicemen during the war. The impact that this had on male and religious identity is also examined, as any help available disappeared with distance from the conflict. This lack of Christian aid in Leeds challenges the wider historiographical perspective that the Great War favourably altered social attitudes to disability and disability care, whilst supporting the narrative that disabled ex-servicemen were overlooked by the nation they fought to protect.

‘The future welfare of the Empire will depend more largely on our women and girls’: Southern Loyalist Women and the British War Effort in Ireland, 1914–1922

2020 ◽  
pp. 137-154
Author(s):  
Fionnuala Walsh
Keyword(s):  
War Of Independence ◽  
Political Upheaval ◽  
The First World War ◽  
War Effort ◽  
Post War ◽  
War Experience ◽  
The Great War ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
First World

This chapter examines the participation of Irish women in the war effort during the First World War, exploring the role of war service as an outlet and focus for southern loyalist identity. It analyses the motivations behind women’s war service and the relationship between religion and loyalism, examining for instance the wartime actions of Anglican organisations such as the Mothers’ Union and Girls Friendly Society, together with the partitionist arrangement of war work. The chapter subsequently discusses the post-war experience of southern loyalist women during the War of Independence and Civil War. Drawing upon applications to the Irish Grants Committee, it explores women’s everyday experiences of trauma during the political upheaval and the links between service in the Great War and isolation and intimidation in the war’s aftermath.

NOSTALGIA AS AN EMOTIONAL EXPERIENCE IN THE GREAT WAR

2011 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 421-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
MICHAEL ROPER
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Married Men ◽  
Post War ◽  
Trench Warfare ◽  
The Great War ◽  
First World

ABSTRACTThis article is concerned with the longing for home of British soldiers during the First World War. What, it asks, can such longings reveal about the psychological impact of trench warfare? Historians have differed in the significance that they ascribe to domestic attachments. Some argue that a ‘cultural chasm’ developed between the fronts, producing anger and disillusionment among soldiers which would surface fully fledged after the war, while others assert the continuing vitality of the links with home. Evidence for both these perceptions can be found in the letters written by British soldiers to their families. The functions of nostalgia could range from reassurance or momentary relief from boredom and impersonal army routines, through flight from intolerable anxiety, to survival through the power of love. Although animated by solitude, nostalgia provided a means of communication with loved ones. Its emotional tones varied according to the soldier's age and the nature of his attachments to home. The young soldier's reminiscences of home conveyed, not just the comforting past, but the hateful present. Nostalgia, being rooted in early memories of care, could be a potent vehicle for arousing the anxieties of loved ones, especially mothers. Among married men, the desire to return to wives and children could provide a powerful motivation for survival. This analysis suggests a different and more varied account of the genesis of the ‘disillusionment story’ of the war than is put forward in some recent studies. Among men of the ‘war generation’ particularly, disillusionment was not only a post-war construction, an artefact of cultural memory, but a powerful legacy of the emotional experience of the war itself.

A hidden fight behind neutrality. Spain’s struggle on exchange rates and gold during the Great War

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carles Sudrià
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rates ◽  
First World War ◽  
Great War ◽  
World War ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Great War ◽  
First World

Abstract The aim of this article is to analyse the effects on Spain as a neutral country of the monetary measures adopted by the largest allied nations during the First World War. We will focus on the intervention of exchange rates and on the measures aimed at limiting gold outflows from belligerent countries. The distortions derived from these policies gave rise, in some cases, to additional profits for Spanish exporters and intermediaries, while in others prevented the effective transformation of some benefits from war into valuable assets and pushed them to be dragged down by the economic disturbances of the post-war period.

scholarly journals The Serbian heritage of the Great War in Greece

Balcanica ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 189-204
Author(s):  
Vlasis Vlasidis
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Great War ◽  
Second World ◽  
First World ◽  
Of Greece ◽  
Different Parts

During the First World War Serbian soldiers were encamped or fought in different parts of Greece. Many of them died there of diseases or exhaustion or were killed in battle. This paper looks at the issue of cemeteries of and memorials to the dead Serbian soldiers (primarily in the area of Corfu, Thessaloniki and Florina) in the context of post-war relations between Greece and the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (Yugoslavia), at the attitude of post-Second World War Yugoslavia towards them, and the Serbs? revived interest in their First World War history. It also takes a look at the image of Serbs in the memory of local people.

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