Teetotalism in Malawian Protestantism: Missionary Origins, African Appropriation

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-182
Author(s):  
Todd Statham
Keyword(s):  
British Empire ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Church Membership ◽  
Cultural Economic ◽  
Home Culture ◽  
African Christianity ◽  
Marginalised Groups ◽  
Traditional Societies ◽  
And Control ◽  
Abstinence From Alcohol

Although beer had a profound cultural, economic and religious significance among traditional societies in central Africa, teetotalism – in other words, abstinence from alcohol – has become widespread in Malawian Protestantism (as elsewhere in African Christianity), and in many churches it is regarded as a mark of true faith. This article examines the origins of the antipathy to alcohol in the Presbyterian missionaries who evangelised Malawi in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, who drew a parallel between the ‘problem of drink’ among the working poor in their home culture and central Africans, to urge sobriety and its concomitant values of thrift and hard work among their converts. Yet research shows that it was new Christians in Malawi themselves (and not the missionaries) who took the lead in making temperance or teetotalism a criterion for church membership. By drawing upon the experiences of other socially and politically marginalised groups in the British Empire at this time, it is suggested that these new Christians were likely motivated to adopt temperance/teetotalism in order to assert to foreign missionaries their ability to lead and control their own churches and countries.

Gastro-intestinal parasitism and control practices in dairy cattle in North-west Cameroon (Central Africa)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc K. Kouam ◽  
Gilbert T. Fokom ◽  
Deguy D.’or N. Luogbou ◽  
Vaia Kantzoura
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
North West ◽  
Intestinal Parasitism ◽  
And Control

scholarly journals Discovering the two faces of religious charismatic action – traditional and modern: a model

1999 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 273-304
Author(s):  
Jane Williams-Hogan
Keyword(s):  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Natural World ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
New Religions ◽  
The World ◽  
The Gift ◽  
Rational Calculation ◽  
Traditional Societies ◽  
And Control

In this paper, the author examines the issue of charisma and prophecy in secularized societies. In traditional society the charismatic personality or the prophet brought a universalizing and rationalizing message which simultaneously expanded and penetrated the sphere of external order in the world, giving people the ability to manipulate and control the natural world. The disenchanted world is the end product of this process, when no more mysterious forces come into play, and when one can in principle master all things through rational calculation. The gift of rationality almost randomly bestowed in the ancient world becomes, for Weber, the rightful inheritance of the modern individual. Clarity brought by charisma in a dark and foreboding world loses its brilliance and its ability to beckon when the world is filled with light. In investigating charisma in only traditional societies, Weber saw charisma as one dimensional, solely as the force of rationality. So envisioned, charisma dissipates in the very act of realizing itself through the transformation of the world. Given Weber's analysis, therefore, one would not expect to find genuinely new religions emerging within our transformed and rational modern society. In the examination of the founding something that is best identified by the sociological term charisma, though obviously in modern guise, is clearly evident. This points to the possibility that charisma is not static but has the dynamic capacity to be responsive to the structural characteristics of the society in which it operates.

scholarly journals World Domination Games and its Impact on the 21st Century

2017 ◽  
Vol II (1) ◽  
pp. 44-56
Author(s):  
Haseeb Ur Rehman Warrich ◽  
Muhammad Rehman ◽  
Sahrish Jamil
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
British Empire ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Profound Impact ◽  
The World ◽  
Sustainable Economic Growth ◽  
And Control ◽  
Great Game ◽  
Game Changer

No other element impacted the historical conditions of the preceding 100 years to such an extent as the war to secure and control the world's reserves of petroleum. Sustainable economic growth after 1873, that discouraged British Empire, arose mechanical economies in Europe. Central Asia remained the object of rivalries and machination by the giant countries of the Europe. World Domination Games started from Pillage Games that lead towards many “Games” such as Great Game, New Great Game, Game Changer and New Game Changer. All prefect countries desire to have a control over the world for the last two centuries. Their efforts turn into numerous clashes and clashes led towards wars. In the twentieth century wars transformed not only their names but also their genetics that has profound impact on the 21st Century. This laid foundation of the emerging new superpowers in every century.

Negotiating Law

2019 ◽  
pp. 106-148
Author(s):  
Gunnel Cederlöf
Keyword(s):  
British Empire ◽  
Land Rights ◽  
Legal Rights ◽  
Central Position ◽  
British India ◽  
Parliamentary Debates ◽  
Historical Relationship ◽  
The Nilgiris ◽  
The Right ◽  
And Control

Chapter three elaborates the general legal debates in Britain and the British Empire, and specific and different positions through which property and land rights were argued over in the Nilgiris. Such debates came to have significant consequences for land law as it was applied in British India and shows the central position of property in the global expansion of the British Empire. The chapter distinguishes two contradictions that were common in the various colonial investigations, reports, and parliamentary debates. One concerns rights in land and resources where there were different positions about whether to privilege the immemorial rights of dwelling on and owning land, or the absolute rights of a sovereign ruler. The other debate that caused conflict related to the utility of nature and targeted specifically the use of nature for pastoralism or for settled cultivation. The chapter shows how both debates had crucial consequences for the codification of legal rights in land. It enquires into how the right of the Toda to own land was questioned and, over time and with the increasing involvement of European capital and control of the Nilgiri Hills, such ‘rights’ turned into the much weaker ‘privilege’. In the process of codifying in written law people’s rights to access and use nature, different communities of people were identified in relation to particular landscapes and their rights were determined by their perceived historical relationship to the land.

Edmund Burke and the Ambivalence of Protection for Slaves: Between Humanity and Control

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 246-268
Author(s):  
Parvathi Menon
Keyword(s):  
British Empire ◽  
Edmund Burke ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Slave Rebellion ◽  
The Right ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This article focuses on the period between 1812 and 1834, when the British Empire introduced protection measures to mitigate the suffering of slaves from planter brutality, but also to protect planters from slave rebellion. By examining the impact and influences wielded by Edmund Burke’s Sketch of a Negro Code (1780), this article studies protection as an alliance between the abolitionists and planters who, despite contestations, found in Burke’s Code a means to attain their separate ends. Through the workings of the Office of the Protector, instituted by the imperial authorities in the slave colony of Trinidad, this study examines how it granted slaves the humanity of ‘rights’ against their masters, while also protecting the right to property (in slaves) of the planters. I argue that the paternalistic practice of protection was, as is in the present, at the center of the exploitation of subjugated groups.

The Dutch and the Second British Empire in the Early Nineteenth-Century Indian Ocean World

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 366-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
James David Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Indian Ocean ◽  
British Empire ◽  
Napoleonic Wars ◽  
Dutch Politics ◽  
East Indies ◽  
Liberal Reform ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
Indian Ocean World ◽  
And Control

AbstractDuring the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, the British Empire grew through its invasion of Dutch colonies around the Indian Ocean rim. The incursions entwined British and Dutch politics, cultures, and social networks. These developments were significant for the Dutch East Indies, but have received relatively little attention in histories of the Second British Empire. In light of recent interest in Anglo-Dutch interaction, connectivity across empires, and the uses of prosopography to question the boundaries of imperial history, this article uses Dutch biographies to interrogate the relationship between the politics of liberal reform and despotism in the Cape Colony and Java under the British. A dialectic between despotism and liberalism dominates the Second Empire's historiography. Conversely, tracing the biographies of two interstitial figures who passed between the Dutch Empire and that of Britain shows how despotism and reform were connected. The Dutch drew notions of reform from their social networks into the Cape and Java through their manipulation of loyalist rhetoric. Concurrently, the use of such rhetoric legitimized societies and controls linked to the entrenchment of autocracy. This article thus reveals links between connectivity and control in Britain's Indian Ocean empire.

An early political map of Antarctica

Polar Record ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-109
Author(s):  
Rip Bulkeley
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
British Empire ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Front Cover ◽  
Made In

The pair of paperweights illustrated on the front cover of this issue of Polar Record and reproduced as Fig. 1 were made in 1889 at the Burslem pottery of James Macintyre & Co. (best known for employing William Moorcroft a few years later) using maps engraved by the Edinburgh firm of J.G. Bartholomew (JGB). Macintyre produced other paperweights with Bartholomew maps of Central Africa, India, British South Africa and the rarest, Australasia, to a pottery design 9.9cm in diameter, weight 333gm, registered as No.141265. The correspondence shows that the hemispheres came first, and were intended to feature the British Empire worldwide, although that political appellation does not appear.

scholarly journals Hypertension among people living with HIV/AIDS in Cameroon: A cross-sectional analysis from Central Africa International Epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastase DZUDIE ◽  
Donald Hoover ◽  
Hae-Young Kim ◽  
Rogers Ajeh ◽  
Adebola Adedimeji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
And Control ◽  
International Epidemiology ◽  
Hiv Aids

Background Antiretroviral therapy (ART) success has led people to live longer with HIV/AIDS (PLWH) and thus be exposed to increasing risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Hypertension (HTN), the biggest contributor to CVD burden, is a growing concern among PLWH. The current report describes the prevalence and predictors of HTN among PLWH in care in Cameroon. Methods This crosssectional study included all PLWH aged 20 years and above who received care between 2016 and 2019 at one of the three Central Africa International Epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS (CAIeDEA) sites in Cameroon (Bamenda, Limbe, and Yaounde). HTN was defined as blood pressure (BP) ≥140/90 mm Hg or self reported use of antihypertensive medication. Logistic regressions models examined the relationship between HTN and clinical characteristics, and HIV related factors. Results Among 9,839 eligible PLWH, 66.2% were female and 25.0% had prevalent HTN [age standardized prevalence 23.9% (95% CI: 22.2: 25.6)], among whom 28 (1.1%) were on BP lowering treatment, and 6 of those (21.4%) were at target BP levels. Median age (47.4 vs. 40.5 years), self reported duration of HIV infection (5.1 vs 2.8 years), duration of ART exposure (4.7 vs 2.3 years), and CD4 count (408 vs 359 cell/mm3) were higher in hypertensives than non hypertensives (all p<0.001). Age and body mass index (BMI) were independently associated with higher prevalent HTN risk. PLWH starting ART had a 30% lower risk of prevalent HTN, but this advantage disappeared after a cumulative 2 year exposure to ART. There was no significant association between other HIV predictive characteristics and HTN. Conclusion About a quarter of these Cameroonian PLWH had HTN, driven among others by age and adiposity. Appropriate integration of HIV and NCDs services is needed to improve early detection, treatment and control of common comorbid NCD risk factors like hypertension and safeguard cardiovascular health in PLWH.

scholarly journals Towards an African ecogender theology: A decolonial theological perspective

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chammah J Kaunda
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Gender Justice ◽  
African Christianity ◽  
Theological Perspective ◽  
Traditional Societies ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Relational Solidarity

The struggles for environmental and gender justice have challenged how theology is done in Africa. This article framed within the context of continuous search for life-giving African Christianity, argues that a radical relational solidarity that existed between African humanity and environment in some Zambian traditional societies was grounded on ecogender principle. Thus, it seeks to probe deeper into contemporary challenge of African men’s alienation from environment as a consequence of colonial quest to restructure African social order. Employing decolonial theological perspective, the article tried to reinterpret some life-giving elements from Bemba and Shila cultural heritage in order to re-conceptualize contemporary African Christian ecotheology. It is from this perspective where African ecogender theology is constructed towards transformation of African human and environment relationship.

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