scholarly journals Militarised Authoritarian State and Informal Institutions: Zulm and Rasookh in Downtown Srinagar

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-95
Author(s):  
Touseef Y. Mir
Keyword(s):  
Informal Institutions ◽  
Informal Institution ◽  
Economic Relationships ◽  
Authoritarian State ◽  
Protracted Conflict ◽  
The Social ◽  
Indian State ◽  
Patterns Of Behavior ◽  
Social Side

Kashmir is in a situation of protracted conflict. The paper offers an examination of daily life in the downtown of Srinagar, the region's capital.  The conceptual focus is on the role of informal institutions, here defined as ordered patterns of behavior, in this setting.  A particular concern with how these informal institutions explains how the different residents make sense of the generalized condition of what they term zulm.  Zulm refers to the experience of living with, enduring, and engaging with the administration of the militarized authoritarian Indian state, and can be disaggregated into a series of informal institutions deployed by citizens of downtown Srinagar.  Based on the ethnographic fieldwork, the paper looks at how differently situated individuals use these institutions – often in the form of networks, economic relationships, connections – to challenge and sustain relations with state structures.  The particular focus is given to the informal institution of rasookh. This thesis makes a contribution to the neo- institutionalist debate within conflict studies by drawing on the social side of the informal institutions. It also contributes to the regional studies literature on South Asia by documenting at close quarters the experience of protracted conflict in Kashmir. 

Role of informal institutions in biodiversity conservation: Perspective of the Santhal tribe of India

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 139-146
Author(s):  
Edwin Murmu ◽  
◽  
Bhupendra Singh Adhikari ◽  
Harsh Bardhan Vashistha ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biodiversity Conservation ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Informal Institutions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Informal Institution ◽  
Key Informants ◽  
Specific Species ◽  
Conservation Of Biodiversity

The study provides insights into the role of an informal institution of the Santhal tribe of India in the conservation of biodiversity. The data has been collected from 124 Santhal key informants from six tribal districts from the states of Jharkhand (Dumka, Pakur and Sahibganj) and West Bengal (Birbhum, Bankura and West Medinipur) through the methods of stratified sampling, chain-referrals, personal interactions, and focussed group discussions. The taboos associated with biodiversity conservation have been categorized into six categories such as segment taboo, specific-species taboo, life-stage taboo, temporal taboo, habitat taboo and method taboo.

State and Social Responsibility of the Corporate: Analysis of the Role of State in India

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seema Sharma ◽  
Deepa Mann
Keyword(s):  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Structural Adjustment ◽  
The State ◽  
The Political ◽  
Social Sector ◽  
Political Class ◽  
Public Rhetoric ◽  
The Social ◽  
Indian State

The present article aims to underscore the role of state in developing the context within which corporate social responsibility (CSR) has emerged in India. The paper traces the trajectory of the Indian economy through the five year plans which were considered to be its backbone and which have now been jettisoned. In addition, it takes a critical look at the public rhetoric of the political class to justify CSR in India. The analysis shows that Indian state since Independence has been dominated by the bourgeoisie class and hence even while focusing on planned development, it continued to create pockets of want in the social sector which have eventually been used to provide justification for the mandated CSR in India. The state had neglected the social sector throughout the plan periods. With the onset of privatization, liberalization, and globalization under the structural adjustment in India, the involvement of state in social sector was likely to reduce further. The state therefore pushed for mandatory CSR to fill the likely gap and the political class of the country provided necessary rhetorical justification for the same.

Role of Social Capital Formation in Entrepreneurship Development among the Underprivileged Class of Odisha

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiba C. Panda ◽  
Bharat Singh ◽  
Janmejoy Khuntia
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Entrepreneurial Orientation ◽  
Occupational Choice ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Policy Initiative ◽  
The Social ◽  
Indian State ◽  
Micro Level

In this paper an attempt has been made to analyse such dimensions which support or otherwise impact the entrepreneurial environment that perpetuates prevalence of social capital leading to growth of entrepreneurship among the underprivileged class in an Indian State of Odisha. For example, various sources of owner’s capital, entrepreneurs affiliation to community groups, how existence of various forms of support system available for entrepreneurial orientation benefitted Govt.’s role vis-à-vis the social groups perception of existence of state support are discussed so as to derive the role and contribution of social capital for entrepreneurial orientation among the underprivileged class of Odisha particularly at the micro level. In a backward State like Odisha understanding of the existence of social conditions towards preference for entrepreneurship as an occupational choice would pave ways for policy initiative towards realization of widespread entrepreneurial engagement.

Corporate Social Responsibility and Performance in the State of Qatar

2019 ◽  
pp. 239-258
Author(s):  
Abdulkareem Awwad ◽  
Abubakr Suliman
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Corporate Social Performance ◽  
Social Performance ◽  
The State ◽  
The Social ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Social Side ◽  
Corporate Social

This chapter aims to examines the situation, facts, and challenges of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and corporate social performance (CSP) in the State of Qatar. Some theories related to both constructs are presented and discussed. In addition, the chapter analyzes the role of different formal and informal CSR organizations' initiatives in raising the awareness about the importance of managing the social side of the business. Highlighting some active efforts to improve CSR in the country, the study concludes that the idea of managing the social side of business is still in its formation stage. Some more initiatives are needed to bring it up to the level that serve the realization of the national vision of the country 2030. The chapter concludes with some discussion on how managers perceive CSR and whether it aligns well with business objectives or no. Some guidelines to future studies and research in the field of CSR and CSP are also presented in the study.

The Garrison and the Wider Society

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham Dominy
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Class Relations ◽  
Cultural Life ◽  
British Military ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Side ◽  
Settler Society

This chapter examines the reflection of the British military hierarchy in the class relations in settler society by comparing the “respectable” actions of soldiers taking their discharge and becoming settlers with the “rough” actions of drunkenness and desertion. It first considers the garrison's influence in Halifax, Nova Scotia, and in Natal before discussing the social side of the garrison that emphasized class differentiation. It then explores the reinforcement of the colonial “middling” class by the recruitment of respectable soldier-settlers and how the Christian converts of Edendale, the amaKholwa, provided the new reference points for a community attempting to define itself in terms of middle-class respectability. It also looks at the role of drunkenness in acts of indiscipline and low morale among British troops in the garrison at Fort Napier, along with the hunting ideology that fed into broader concepts of masculinity, aggression, and images of warriors. The chapter shows that garrison activities were integral to the wider social and cultural life of settler society in Natal.

The social politics of dispossession: Informal institutions and land expropriation in China

Urban Studies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (16) ◽  
pp. 3331-3346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karita Kan
Keyword(s):  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Informal Institutions ◽  
Economic Aspects ◽  
Market Mechanisms ◽  
Land Expropriation ◽  
Land Dispossession ◽  
The Social ◽  
Land Control

Extant studies on land dispossession often focus on its economic and extra-economic aspects, with respective emphasis on the operation of market mechanisms and the deployment of state-led coercion in bringing about the separation of households from their land. This article draws attention to the under-examined role of informal institutions in the politics of dispossession. Social organisations such as lineages and clans pervade grassroots societies and are central to land control and configurations of property rights. In China, the reconsolidation of lineages as shareholding corporations that develop real estate and operate land transfers has rendered them prominent actors in the politics of land and urbanisation. Drawing on an empirical case study, this article argues that informal institutions play a crucial role in mediating both the economic and extra-economic processes of dispossession. It further shows how, by providing the networks necessary for collective mobilisation and supplying the normative framework through which rightful shares in land are claimed, social organisations are at the same time instrumental in the organisation of anti-dispossession struggles. By unravelling the social dynamics that underlie land expropriation, this article offers a nuanced perspective to the politics of dispossession that goes beyond narratives of state-led coercion and market compulsion.

scholarly journals FORMAL AND INFORMAL INSURANCE MARKET INSTITUTIONS

2021 ◽  
pp. 105-110
Author(s):  
Petro Nikiforov ◽  
Olha Нladchuk ◽  
Sofiia Kucherivska
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Method ◽  
Informal Institutions ◽  
Insurance Market ◽  
Market Institutions ◽  
Informal Institution ◽  
Market Institution ◽  
Formal And Informal Institutions ◽  
Protection Mechanisms ◽  
Insurance Business

Purpose. The purpose of the article is to defining the nature, types, and role of formal and informal insurance market institutions. Methodology of research. The methodological basis of the work has become a systematic approach to the study of the formation and functioning of formal and informal insurance market institutions; as well as a dialectical method of cognition and grouping to determine the types of formal and informal institutions that have formed and ensure the development of insurance relationships. Methods of induction and deduction have been used to generalize the essence and role of insurance market institutions under the provisions of economic theory and insurance business. The differences between formal and informal insurance market institutions have been established by a comparative method. To make theoretical generalizations, to form conclusions from the study, an abstract reasoning method has been used. Findings. The article presents the results of empirical analysis of formal and informal institutions, under the influence of which the insurance market has been formed and is currently functioning. Formal insurance market institutions are clearly defined, regulated by public protection mechanisms, and mandatory for all economic entities involved in the insurance process. Informal insurance market institutions are unwritten and undocumented norms and rules that shape the behaviour of economic entities of the insurance market regarding the creation, purchase and sale, and consumption of insurance services. Both formal and informal insurance market institutions should be divided into basic and specific ones, taking into account the peculiarities of the insurance market and the specifics of insurance relationships. Originality. Given the peculiarities of the insurance business, formal and informal insurance market institutions are clearly distinguished, with their subsequent division into basic and specific ones. Practical value. The results of the study can serve as a basis for further research in this area and will be useful for insurers, supervisory authorities, and other participants in the insurance market in terms of improving the quality of insurance services, identifying areas of the insurance market, and efficiency of its participants, which will increase confidence in the insurance market. Key words: institution, formal institution, informal institution, insurance market, basic insurance market institution, specific insurance market institution.

scholarly journals An Institutionalist Explanation of the Evolution of Taiwan's Disability Movement: From the Charity Model to the Social Model

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 87-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
I-lun Tsai ◽  
Ming-sho Ho
Keyword(s):  
Informal Institutions ◽  
Social Model ◽  
Institutional Perspective ◽  
Dual Roles ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
Mentally Disabled ◽  
The Social ◽  
Formal And Informal Institutions ◽  
Disability Movement

In this article, we analyze the process of institutional change in Taiwan's disability field by focusing on the role of social movements. An institutional perspective emphasizes how a particular logic in an organizational field generates formal and informal institutions that define how persons with disabilities are treated in a society. Before the 1990s, the charity model was dominant, and later it came to be challenged by the disability movement, which advocated for the social model. We argue that the transition to a social model was a major achievement by disability organizations, which successfully combined the dual roles of advocate and service provider. By making strategic use of welfare privatization in the 1990s, they were able to mobilize a series of lobbying campaigns. Their efforts culminated in the passing of the Physically and Mentally Disabled Citizens Protection Act in 1997, which marked the beginning of the social model in Taiwan.

State and Social Responsibility of the Corporate: Analysis of the Role of State in India

Think India ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 01-09
Author(s):  
Seema Sharma ◽  
Deepa Mann
Keyword(s):  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Structural Adjustment ◽  
The State ◽  
The Political ◽  
Social Sector ◽  
Political Class ◽  
Public Rhetoric ◽  
The Social ◽  
Indian State

The present article aims to underscore the role of state in developing the context within which corporate social responsibility (CSR) has emerged in India. The paper traces the trajectory of the Indian economy through the five year plans which were considered to be its backbone and which have now been jettisoned. In addition, it takes a critical look at the public rhetoric of the political class to justify CSR in India. The analysis shows that Indian state since Independence has been dominated by the bourgeoisie class and hence even while focusing on planned development, it continued to create pockets of want in the social sector which have eventually been used to provide justification for the mandated CSR in India. The state had neglected the social sector throughout the plan periods. With the onset of privatization, liberalization, and globalization under the structural adjustment in India, the involvement of state in social sector was likely to reduce further. The state therefore pushed for mandatory CSR to fill the likely gap and the political class of the country provided necessary rhetorical justification for the same.

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