scholarly journals Effect of Stem Rust Infection on Grain Yield and Yield Components of Some Wheat Cultivars in Egypt

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 171-178
Author(s):  
Mamdouh A. Asmmawy ◽  
Walid M. El-Orabey ◽  
Mohamed Nazim ◽  
Atef A. Shahin
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Progress Curve

Stem rust, caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici is an important disease of wheat worldwide. To estimate grain yield losses due to stem rust, replicated experiments including twelve wheat cultivars i.e.  Gemmeiza 7, Gemmeiza 9, Gemmeiza 10, Gemmeiza 11, Sakha 61, Sakha 93, Sakha 94, Sids 12, Sids 13, Giza 168, Misr 1 and Misr 2 were evaluated for adult plant resistance at Sakha Research Station, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt during 2011/12 and 2012/13 growing seasons. The field experiment was surrounded by spreader area of highly susceptible varieties i.e. Morroco and Max inoculated with a mixture of stem rust races as a source of inoculum. Disease severity was recorded each 10 days and area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) was estimated and ranged from 100 to 475 in 2011/12 and 100 to 750 in 2012/13. It was found that, yield losses ranged between 2.47 % in the wheat cultivar Misr 2 to 6.29 % in the wheat cultivar Sids 12 during 2011/12, while during 2012/13 ranged from 1.96 % in the wheat cultivar Gemmeiza 7 to      8.21 % in the wheat cultivar Misr 1. High correlation was found between yield losses with disease severity and AUDPC.

scholarly journals Controlling Foliar Blight of Wheat through Nutrient Management and Varietal Selection

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 85-93
Author(s):  
Yuba R. Kandel ◽  
Jaya P. Mahato
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽  
Tan Spot ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Foliar Blight ◽  
Progress Curve

Helminthosporium leaf blight, a complex of spot blotch caused by Bipolaris  sorokiniana and tan spot caused by Pyrenophora tritici-repentis, is one of   the most important foliar diseases of wheat in Nepal. It appears in almost all wheat growing areas and causes severe yield loss every year. A study was   conducted at Regional Agriculture Research Station (RARS), Tarahara, Sunsari during 2004-05 and 2005-06 wheat growing seasons to elucidate role of nitrogen in wheat genotypes for management of the disease. Field experiment was laid out on split plot design with three replications. Four doses of nitrogen in six different promising genotypes were tested. Nitrogen   levels higher than 50 kg ha-1 significantly reduced disease severity and increased grain yield in all genotypes but there was no significant differences in grain yield in the first year. In the second year, grain yield difference   among the genotypes was significant. Area under disease progress curve(AUDPC) was not significant between two doses 100 and 150 kg ha-1. The wheat genotypes showed different reactions to disease. Genotype BL 2047   had the lowest incidence of disease followed by BL 1887, whereas BL 2217 had the highest incidence of the disease. Genotype BL 2196 produced the highest grain yield (2172 kg ha-1) and the lowest grain yield was obtained in Bhrikuti followed by BL 2089. These results suggested that fertilizer should be applied in soil at balanced dose 100:50:50 N:P2O5:K2O kg ha-1. Growing relatively resistant genotypes with the balance dose of fertilizers can reduce foliar blight severity in wheat.Nepal Agric. Res. J. Vol. 9, 2009, pp. 85-93DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/narj.v9i0.11645

scholarly journals Grain yield and competitive ability against weeds in modern and heritage common wheat cultivars are differently influenced by sowing density

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariateresa Lazzaro ◽  
Ambrogio Costanzo ◽  
Dalia Hosam Farag ◽  
Paolo Bàrberi
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Modern Cultivar ◽  
Weed Biomass ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Viable Seeds ◽  
Crop Stand

Sowing density can have a strong impact on crop stand development during wheat growing cycle. In organic and low-input agriculture, and therefore with minimum or nil use of chemical herbicides, increased sowing density is expected to affect not only grain yield but also weed suppression. In this study we tested, under Mediterranean conditions, six common wheat cultivars (three modern and three heritage) and two three-component mixtures (arranged by combining the three modern or the three heritage cultivars). The different crop stands were tested at sowing densities of 250 (low) and 400 (high, similar to standard sowing density used by local farmers) viable seeds m-2 for two growing seasons. We did not detect a significant effect of crop stand diversity (single cultivars vs mixtures) on grain yield and weed suppression. Differences were ascribed to type of cultivars used (heritage vs modern). Compared to high sowing density, in modern cultivars grain yield did not decrease significantly with low sowing density whereas in heritage cultivars it increased by 15.6%, possibly also because of 21.5% lower plant lodging. Weed biomass increased with low sowing density both in heritage and modern cultivar crop stand types. However, heritage crop stands had, on average, a lower weed biomass (56%) than modern crop stands. Moreover, weed biomass in heritage crop stands at low density (6.82 ± 1.50 g m-2) was lower than that of modern cultivars at the same sowing density (15.54 ± 3.35 g m-2), confirming the higher suppressive potential of the former. We can conclude that lower sowing density can be advisable when using heritage crop stands as it keeps productivity while decreasing plant lodging and maintaining weeds under control.

scholarly journals Reaction to Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) of Six New Wheat Cultivars Widely Grown in Transylvania

1970 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sardar AMIN ◽  
Marin ARDELEAN ◽  
Vasile MOLDOVAN ◽  
Rodica CADAR
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Developmental Progress ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
Symptom Intensity ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Artificial Inoculations

Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused by Fusarium spp., has become one of the most destructive diseases in the world’s wheat growing areas , especially in the humid and semihumid regions (Paillard et al. 2004, Mesterhazy 1978, Stack & Mullen 1985; Kiecana 1987; Kiecana et al. 1988). Six winter wheat cultivars, recently released and widely grown in Trasylvania, have been evaluated for FHB resistance during 2006. The evaluation was made by means of artificial inoculations with Fusarium graminearum and assesment of symptom intensity by computing AUDPC index (Area Under Developmental Progress Curve). Based on these data, two cultivars (Dumbrava and Turda 195) were considered as resistant, two cultivars (Ardeal and Arieşan) as medium resistant and other two cultivars (Fundulea 4 and GK Öthalom) as susceptible to FHB. The reaction to FHB of the six tested cultivars, based on the postharvest indices, showed significant differences among these cultivars as far as the yield elements and the total grain yield were considered. Actually, in the resistant cultivars, both the total grain yield and some of the yield elements (spike wight, grain weght/spike and 1000 kernel weigt) were significantly less affected by FHB than in medium resistant and susceptible cultivars.

scholarly journals Alternative Products to Control Soybean Downy Mildew in the Field

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 160
Author(s):  
Gislaine Gabardo ◽  
Maristella Dalla Pria ◽  
Henrique Luis da Silva ◽  
Mônica Gabrielle Harms
Keyword(s):  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Ascophyllum Nodosum ◽  
Phenological Stages ◽  
Manganese Zinc ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
Copper Manganese ◽  
Diagrammatic Scale

Soybean mildew caused by Oomycota Peronospora manshurica, is a disease widely spread in Brazil. In order to study the efficiency of soybean mildew control due to the application of alternative products and fungicide in the field, experiments were conducted in Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil, during the 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 growing seasons. The design used was randomized blocks with four replications. The treatments were: 1-witness; 2-acibenzolar-S-methyl; 3-calcium; 4-micronutrients: copper, manganese and zinc; 5-micronutrients: manganese, zinc and molybdenum; 6-NK fertilizer; 7-Ascophyllum nodosum and 8-azoxystrobin + cyproconazole with the addition of Nimbus adjuvant. Four applications of alternative products (phenological stages V3, V6, R1 and R5.1) and two of fungicide (phenological stages R1 and R5.1) were performed. The mildew severity was estimated using a diagrammatic scale. The severity data made it possible to calculate the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC). In the 2014/2015 harvest the disease was more severe. The control of downy mildew by the use of fungicide did not reduce the epidemic. The fungicide was not efficient in the two evaluated seasons. All tested alternative products reduced the disease severity and AUDPC in both seasons. The best results in reducing downy mildew were found with the application of acibenzolar-S-methyl, micronutrients (Cu, Mn, Zn) and A. nodosum.

scholarly journals Pre-anthesis development of winter wheat and barley and relationships with grain yield

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 310-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirosavljevic Milan ◽  
Momcolovic Vojislava ◽  
Maksimovic Ivana ◽  
Putnik-Delic Marina ◽  
Pržulj Novo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Leaf Appearance ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this study was to improve understanding of (1) the effect of genotypic and environmental factors on pre-anthesis development and leaf appearance traits of barley and wheat; (2) the relationship of these factors with grain yield, and (3) the differences between these two crops across different environments/sowing dates. Therefore, trials with six two-row winter barley and six winter wheat cultivars were carried out in two successive growing seasons on four sowing dates. Our study showed that the observed traits varied between species, cultivars and sowing dates. In both growing seasons, biomass at anthesis and grain yield declined almost linearly by delaying the sowing date. There was no clear advantage in grain yield of wheat over barley under conditions of later sowing dates. Generally, barley produced more leaf and had shorter phyllochron than wheat. Both wheat and barley showed a similar relationship between grain yield and different pre-anthesis traits.

scholarly journals Characterization of Wheat Monogenic Lines with Known Sr Genes and Wheat Lines with Resistance to the Ug99 Race Group for Resistance to Prevalent Races of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici in China

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 104 (7) ◽  
pp. 1939-1943
Author(s):  
Xian Xin Wu ◽  
Qiu Jun Lin ◽  
Xin Yu Ni ◽  
Qian Sun ◽  
Rong Zhen Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Wheat Stem Rust ◽  
Wheat Improvement ◽  
Wheat Lines ◽  
Sr Genes

Wheat stem rust, caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, is one of the most serious fungal diseases in wheat production, seriously threatening the global supply of wheat and endangering food security. The present study was conducted to evaluate wheat monogenic lines with known Sr genes to the most prevalent P. graminis f. sp. tritici races in China. In addition, wheat lines introduced from the International Maize and Wheat improvement Center (CIMMYT) with resistance to the Ug99 race group were also evaluated with the prevalent Chinese P. graminis f. sp. tritici races. The monogenic lines containing Sr9e, Sr21, Sr26, Sr31, Sr33, Sr35, Sr37, Sr38, Sr47, and SrTt3 were effective against races 21C3CTTTM, 34C0MRGSM, and 34C3MTGQM at both seedling and adult-plant stages. In contrast, monogenic lines containing Sr6, Sr7b, Sr8a, Sr9a, Sr9b, Sr9d, Sr9f, Sr9g, Sr13, Sr16, Sr18, Sr19, Sr20, Sr24, Sr28, Sr29, and Sr34 were highly susceptible to these races at both seedling and adult-plant stages. Lines with Sr5, Sr10, Sr13, Sr14, Sr15, Sr17, Sr21, Sr22, Sr23, Sr25, Sr27, Sr29, Sr30, Sr32, Sr36, and Sr39 were resistant to one or more of the tested races. Among the 123 CIMMYT lines, 38 (30.9%) showed varying levels of susceptibility to Chinese P. graminis f. sp. tritici races. The results should be useful for breeding wheat cultivars with resistance to stem rust.

Tolerances of wheat cultivars to pre-emergence herbicides

1985 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 922 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Lemerle ◽  
AR Leys ◽  
RB Hinkley ◽  
JA Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
South Wales

Twelve spring wheat cultivars were tested in southern New South Wales for their tolerances to the recommended rates and three times the recommended rates of trifluralin, pendimethalin, tri-allate and chlorsulfuron. Recommended rates of these herbicides did not affect the emergence or grain yield of any cultivar. However, differences between cultivars in their tolerances to trifluralin, pendimethalin and chlorsulfuron at three times the recommended rate were identified. The extent of the reduction in emergence and/or grain yield varied with herbicide and season, and there was also a herbicidexseason interaction. Durati, Songlen and Tincurrin were the most susceptible cultivars to trifluralin, and Teal was the most tolerant. Yield losses from trifluralin were more severe in 1979 than in 1980 or 1981. The differential between cultivars treated with pendimethalin was smaller and more variable; Tincurrin was the only cultivar with a yield reduction in more than one season. Durati, Songlen and Shortim were the only cultivars affected by chlorsulfuron. A reduction in crop emergence of a cultivar treated with trifluralin or pendimethalin did not correlate consistently with any grain yield loss, and reductions in emergence were always greater than yield loss.

scholarly journals Addition of mancozeb to the fungicide mixtures DMI + QoI and SDHI + QoI on the control of wheat leaf blights

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-27
Author(s):  
Erlei Melo Reis ◽  
Mateus Zanatta ◽  
Carlos Alberto Forcelini
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Wheat Leaf ◽  
Fungicide Mixtures ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Leaf Blights

ABSTRACT Wheat leaf blights caused by Drechslera siccans, D. tritici-repentis, especially D. tritici-repentis, are difficult to be controlled by site-specific fungicide mixtures. Due to development of resistance, the use of double site-specific mixtures has shown control inferior to 50%. In an experiment conducted in the field with the wheat cultivar Jadeite 11, in 3 x 6 m plots and four replicates, the effect of a muli-site fungicide added to fungicide mixtures on the control of leaf blights was evaluated. The effect of the following mixtures was evaluated: picoxystrobin + cyproconazole, kresoxim-methyl + epoxiconazole, azoxystrobin + cyproconazole, pyraclostrobin + epoxiconazole, pyraclostrobin + fluxapyroxad, trifloxystrobin + prothioconazole and azoxystrobin + propiconazole, added of five mancozeb levels, 0; 1.5; 2.0; 2.5 and 3.0 kg/ha. The first application occurred after 30% leaf incidence, and the remaining two occurred at 15 and 18-day intervals. The fungicides were applied with a backpack sprayer pressurized by CO2, delivering 180 L/ha. Leaf blights severity was quantified, control was calculated, the percentage of chlorophyll in flag leaves was determined, and grain yield was assessed. The mean control of leaf blights by the mixtures without addition of the multi-site fungicide was 44%. The disease severity reduced as a function of the addition of mancozeb levels for all treatments. Control superior to 80% was obtained with the mixtures kresoxim methyl + epoxiconazole and pyraclostrobin + epoxiconazole, both added at least 2.0 kg/ha mancozeb. There was a positive reflex on the increase in wheat grain yield as a function of control, varying from 3005 kg/ha for the best treatment to 2026 kg/ha for control.

Resistance to Hessian fly (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in a Canadian spring wheat cultivar

2006 ◽  
Vol 138 (5) ◽  
pp. 638-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian L. Wise ◽  
Robert J. Lamb ◽  
Ronald I.H. McKenzie ◽  
Jay W. Whistlecraft
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Partial Resistance ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Hessian Fly ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Susceptible Cultivar ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Spring Wheat Cultivar

AbstractThe Canadian spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.; Poaceae) cultivar ‘Superb’ was less susceptible to damage by Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor (Say), than the spring wheat cultivars ‘AC Barrie’, ‘AC Foremost’, ‘McKenzie’, ‘AC Domain’, and ‘Glenlea’ in Manitoba. The partial resistance of ‘Superb’ was similar, at the seedling stage, to that of ‘Guard’, which possesses the resistance gene H18. Females laid eggs readily on all cultivars, providing no evidence for antixenosis, but few larvae developed on seedlings of ‘Superb’ and ‘Guard’, showing that antibiosis against larvae is the mechanism of resistance in these seedlings. In the field, where infestation of spring wheat takes place about 4 weeks after the seedling stage, ‘Guard’ continued to show high levels of resistance, but ‘Superb’ was less resistant, although still more resistant than highly susceptible cultivars. Infested stems of ‘Superb’ and ‘Nordic’ were less likely to break than infested stems of other cultivars, showing that these two cultivars are partially tolerant to infestation. Infested stems of ‘Guard’ and other cultivars showed high levels of stem breakage and are intolerant. Yield losses due to infestation by Hessian fly were mostly caused by the breakage and falling over of infested stems, which prevented the seeds on these stems from being harvested. Infested stems of all susceptible cultivars that remained standing at harvest had lower seed masses and fewer seeds per spike than uninfested stems, which contributed to yield loss. ‘Grandin’, a parent of ‘Superb’, is the probable source of resistance in ‘Superb’, but the pedigree of ‘Grandin’ provides no clue as to the gene(s) involved. The partial antibiosis and tolerance expressed by ‘Superb’ is sufficient to reduce losses to Hessian fly by 65% in comparison with a susceptible cultivar such as ‘AC Barrie’. ‘Superb’ is the first Canadian spring wheat cultivar identified to have an agronomically useful level of resistance to Hessian fly.

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