https://urvak.ru/articles/compu-8014-vypusk-3-analiz-obshchego-uravneniya-po/

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 57-61
Author(s):  
RUSTAM RAKHIMOV ◽  
◽  
MMATMATISA JALILOV ◽  
ASATULLA MAKHSUDOV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Mathematical Concept ◽  
P Waves ◽  
Normal Loading ◽  
Tectonic Plates ◽  
S Waves ◽  
The Earth ◽  
General Dynamics ◽  
Definition Of

In article occurrence of earthquakes and mountain blows and their communication by volcanic processes occurring in a kernel is analyzed. Mathematical modeling is resulted, uniting occurring processes in a kernel, occurrence Р-longitudinal shock waves and the S-intensity before earthquakes. In the given work it is considered, how by means of mathematical modeling it is possible to create model of occurring events and to untangle communication of seismic signatures of pushes arising from seismic processes. Such method of modeling will allow to create the three dimensional image of earth crust and to show in interaction of tectonic plates as the forces creating and pushing the formed break change in due course. For this purpose it is necessary to enter the seismic given districts that the model corresponded to supervision of how the plate is deformed to and during time, and after earthquake. It will help to draw conclusions on what forces operate on plate border - plates and as it is deformed, handing over the fluctuation information outside and as in things in common one plate dives into a hot viscous cloak of the Earth. In it to a floor the fused layer firm breeds exude and behave in the unexpected image, therefore the understanding of general dynamics of a status of a kernel can help to define communication between pressure along a break before earthquake. The problem of influence of mobile loadings on layers arises from a kernel of the earth a striking power of boiling magma, a surface top a piecewise homogeneous two-layer plate-plate the running wave along a x axis with constant speed V0 normal loading extends. The blows which are starting with a kernel of the Earth from an event volcanism, creating running waves in earth crust it is described by the total formula (17). The mathematical concept of interpretation can be applied to concept of occurring events of a kernel of definition of striking power P-waves, intensity S-waves and places at forecasting of natural accidents for the Earth.

4. Seismic waves

2018 ◽  
pp. 53-61
Author(s):  
Mike Goldsmith
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Wave ◽  
Rayleigh Waves ◽  
Seismic Waves ◽  
Shear Waves ◽  
Free Vibrations ◽  
Love Waves ◽  
Sound Waves ◽  
P Waves ◽  
Tectonic Plates ◽  
S Waves

Sound waves travel very easily underground, often for many thousands of kilometres. These are usually referred to as a kind of seismic wave and are most often triggered by earthquakes, which result from a sudden slip of tectonic plates, down to about 700 kilometres below the Earth’s surface. ‘Seismic waves’ describes the four types of seismic wave generated by earthquakes: P-waves (primary waves), S-waves (shear waves), Love waves (usually the most powerful and destructive of seismic waves), and Rayleigh waves, which are created when P and S waves reach the Earth’s surface together, combining to form undulating ground rolls. Free vibrations and star waves are also described.

scholarly journals On supposed discontinuities in the mantle of the Earth

1931 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 216-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Gutenberg ◽  
C. F. Richter
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Glassy State ◽  
Time Curve ◽  
P Waves ◽  
S Waves ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Straight Line

Summary Investigations of the Mexican shocks of January 2, 15, and 17, 1931, as recorded at stations in California have shown that the travel-time curve of the P-waves at distances between 9° and 15° is nearly a straight line. At these distances the amplitudes of the P-waves are very small, as is to be expected from theory. At greater distances dt/dΔ decreases, and the amplitudes are larger. The data are not sufficient to decide whether the changes are abrupt or not. No S-waves could be found between 9° and 15°. The calculated velocities of the P-waves are near 8.2 kilometers per second at depths between 40 and 100 kilometers, increasing slightly with greater depths. It is possible that the velocity decreases very slightly at some depths between 40 and 80 kilometers, but there is no sign of any discontinuity at depths between 40 and more than 500 kilometers. The S-waves seem to be affected a little more at depths between 40 and 100 kilometers than the P-waves. It is not impossible that at some depth between 40 and 80 kilometers there is a transition from the crystalline to the glassy state.

scholarly journals Shear waves through the Earth's core

1935 ◽  
Vol 149 (866) ◽  
pp. 88-103 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
P Wave ◽  
Time Data ◽  
P Waves ◽  
Nickel Iron ◽  
S Waves ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Travel Time Data ◽  
Core Depth

Seismological evidence of a central core to the earth was first pointed out by Oldham in 1906. From his analysis of travel-time data regarding longitudinal (P) and transverse (S) waves observed at great distances from earthquake epicentres, he concluded that at a depth equal to about three-fifths of the radius there occurs a transition to material possessing radically different physical properties from that external to this boundary. With the aid of more extensive data assembled by Turner and others, the problem was later re-examined independently by Knott and by Gutenberg. The latte concluded that at a depth of 2900 km the velocity of P waves suddenly decreases from over 13 km per sec to about 8 1/2. The theory involves the appearance of a delayed P wave at epicentral distances beyond 143º, and the chief characteristics predicted for this wave have been amply verified by Gutenberg, by Macelwane and by Lehmann. Also Wadati has lately confirmed the earlier estimates of the core depth from observation on S c S. Mean density considerations suggest that this core is metallic; and the magnetic properties of the earth are consistent with a nickel-iron composition resembling that found in many meteors.

3. Seismology and the Earth’s internal structure

2018 ◽  
pp. 22-46
Author(s):  
William Lowrie
Keyword(s):  
Internal Structure ◽  
Seismic Waves ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Waves ◽  
Seismic Behaviour ◽  
P Waves ◽  
S Waves ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Rayleigh And Love Waves ◽  
The Relationship

Seismology is the most powerful geophysical tool for understanding the structure of the Earth. It is concerned with how the Earth vibrates. Physically, seismic behaviour depends on the relationship between stress and strain in the Earth. ‘Seismology and the Earth’s internal structure’ explains compressional and shear elastic deformation and the four types of seismic waves caused by earthquakes: P-waves and S-waves that travel through the body of the Earth, and Rayleigh and Love waves that spread out at and near the Earth’s surface. It describes the reflection, refraction, and diffraction of body waves and how their observation and measurement by seismometers can be used to understand the internal structure of core, mantle, and crust.

Hospital Preparedness in Earthquake Zones: A Must

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 516-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Ammar
Keyword(s):  
Soil Liquefaction ◽  
Earth’S Crust ◽  
Tectonic Plates ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Hospital Preparedness ◽  
Sudden Release ◽  
The Common ◽  
Earth's Crust ◽  
Definition Of

It is important that medical and paramedical teams responding to earthquakes and treating victims understand the following: (1) the definition of an earthquake; (2) the consequences of an earthquake; and (3) the common international terms used.Earthquake An earthquake is the shaking or trembling of the earth, which may be natural or man-made (e.g., due to atomic explosion) in origin. An earthquake is a sudden, strong movement or slipping of the earth's crust that result in a sudden release of energy. Earthquakes occur at certain locations where the tectonic plates which form the earth's crust, coincide. Populations that live near these zones or on these plates always must be prepared for earthquakes and their consequences. The direct impacts of earthquakes may be seen in several forms, such as shaking, ground ruptures, landslides, avalanches, fires, soil liquefaction, tsunamis, and/or flooding.

Application of high-resolution field-emission LVSEM, backscatter imaging, immunogold staining to definition of the spatial distributions of two human neutrophil adherence receptors

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 36-37
Author(s):  
Robert D. Nelson ◽  
Sharon R. Hasslen ◽  
Stanley L. Erlandsen
Keyword(s):  
Cell Surface ◽  
Surface Membrane ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Human Neutrophils ◽  
Spatial Distributions ◽  
Immunogold Staining ◽  
Functional Control ◽  
Neutrophil Adherence ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Mode Of Attachment

Receptors are commonly defined in terms of number per cell, affinity for ligand, chemical structure, mode of attachment to the cell surface, and mechanism of signal transduction. We propose to show that knowledge of spatial distribution of receptors on the cell surface can provide additional clues to their function and components of functional control.L-selectin and Mac-1 denote two receptor populations on the neutrophil surface that mediate neutrophil-endothelial cell adherence interactions and provide for targeting of neutrophil recruitment to sites of inflammation. We have studied the spatial distributions of these receptors using LVSEM and backscatter imaging of isolated human neutrophils stained with mouse anti-receptor (primary) antibody and goat anti-mouse (secondary) antibody conjugated to 12 nm colloidal gold. This combination of techniques provides for three-dimensional analysis of the expression of these receptors on different surface membrane domains of the neutrophil: the ruffles and microvilli that project from the cell surface, and the cell body between these projecting structures.

scholarly journals Proposing 3D Thermal Technology for Heritage Building Energy Monitoring

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1537
Author(s):  
Antonio Adán ◽  
Víctor Pérez ◽  
José-Luis Vivancos ◽  
Carolina Aparicio-Fernández ◽  
Samuel A. Prieto
Keyword(s):  
Computer Vision ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Energy Monitoring ◽  
3D Computer Vision ◽  
Building Monitoring ◽  
Heritage Buildings ◽  
Heritage Building ◽  
Definition Of

The energy monitoring of heritage buildings has, to date, been governed by methodologies and standards that have been defined in terms of sensors that record scalar magnitudes and that are placed in specific positions in the scene, thus recording only some of the values sampled in that space. In this paper, however, we present an alternative to the aforementioned technologies in the form of new sensors based on 3D computer vision that are able to record dense thermal information in a three-dimensional space. These thermal computer vision-based technologies (3D-TCV) entail a revision and updating of the current building energy monitoring methodologies. This paper provides a detailed definition of the most significant aspects of this new extended methodology and presents a case study showing the potential of 3D-TCV techniques and how they may complement current techniques. The results obtained lead us to believe that 3D computer vision can provide the field of building monitoring with a decisive boost, particularly in the case of heritage buildings.

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