scholarly journals FETAL ULTRASOUND AND NEONATAL DIAGNOSIS OF CONGENITAL HEART DEFECTS

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
Romina Sima
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Heart Defects ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Septal Defect ◽  
Heart Defects ◽  
Fetal Ultrasound ◽  
Transposition Of Great Arteries ◽  
Neonatal Diagnosis ◽  
Aortic Artery ◽  
Ultrasound Findings

The congenital heart defect is one of the major causes of neonatal and pediatric mortality. A retrospective study of all the patients with singleton pregnancies, admitted in our hospital between 2010-2012 was performed. The data collected included information referring to the age of the patients, the gestational age, the cardiac diagnosis, the extracardiac anomalies, the prenatal and postnatal management and evolution. Out of 7,195 patients, 23 living newborns had CHDs (congenital heart defects). The mean gestational age was 34.12 weeks (range 30-39 weeks). We recorded VSD (ventricular septal defect) in 47.8% newborns, ASD (atrial septal defect) in 26.1% cases, TGA (transposition of great arteries) in 8.7% cases, coarctation of the aortic artery (COA) in 4.3% cases, TOF (tetralogy of Fallot) in 8.7% cases and HLHS (hypoplastic left heart syndrome) in 4.3% cases. The ultrasound findings in utero were VSD (30.4%), ASD (39.1%), TGA (4.3%), coarctation of the aortic artery (4.3%), TOF (4.3%) and HLHS (4.3%). In our study there was a strong correlation between the antenatal ultrasound findings and the neonatal diagnosis.

scholarly journals Children Born with Congenital Heart Defects and Growth Restriction at Birth: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 3056 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Ghanchi ◽  
Neil Derridj ◽  
Damien Bonnet ◽  
Nathalie Bertille ◽  
Laurent J. Salomon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Congenital Heart Defects ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Heart Defects ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Growth Restriction

Newborns with congenital heart defects tend to have a higher risk of growth restriction, which can be an independent risk factor for adverse outcomes. To date, a systematic review of the relation between congenital heart defects (CHD) and growth restriction at birth, most commonly estimated by its imperfect proxy small for gestational age (SGA), has not been conducted. Objective: To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the proportion of children born with CHD that are small for gestational age (SGA). Methods: The search was carried out from inception until 31 March 2019 on Pubmed and Embase databases. Studies were screened and selected by two independent reviewers who used a predetermined data extraction form to obtain data from studies. Bias was assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) checklist. The database search identified 1783 potentially relevant publications, of which 38 studies were found to be relevant to the study question. A total of 18 studies contained sufficient data for a meta-analysis, which was done using a random effects model. Results: The pooled proportion of SGA in all CHD was 20% (95% CI 16%–24%) and 14% (95% CI 13%–16%) for isolated CHD. Proportion of SGA varied across different CHD ranging from 30% (95% CI 24%–37%) for Tetralogy of Fallot to 12% (95% CI 7%–18%) for isolated atrial septal defect. The majority of studies included in the meta-analysis were population-based studies published after 2010. Conclusion: The overall proportion of SGA in all CHD was 2-fold higher whereas for isolated CHD, 1.4-fold higher than the expected proportion in the general population. Although few studies have looked at SGA for different subtypes of CHD, the observed variability of SGA by subtypes suggests that growth restriction at birth in CHD may be due to different pathophysiological mechanisms.

scholarly journals Academic Achievement Among Children with Congenital Heart Defects in Arkansas

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suman Maity ◽  
Nahed El-hassan ◽  
Anthony Goudie ◽  
Jeffrey R Kaiser ◽  
Wendy N Nembhard
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Congenital Heart Defects ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Heart Defects ◽  
Birth Certificate ◽  
Educational Performance ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Race Ethnicity

Children with congenital heart defects (CHD) have impaired cognitive development. The objective was to determine if children with CHDs differed in academic performance during elementary and middle school years from children without CHDs. Data from the state birth defects registry, Arkansas Reproductive Health Monitoring System (ARHMS), birth certificate records, and achievement test-scores (grades 3-8) from the Arkansas Department of Education were linked using unique identifiers for children born between 2000-2011 in Arkansas. Cases were identified using 6-digit British Paediatric Association codes and matched controls were assigned from birth certificate data. Proficiency (yes/no) on achievement tests was determined using standard thresholds per grade. Data were stratified based on sex, gestational age, and birth weight. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated from multivariate logistic regression adjusting for maternal education level and age, race/ethnicity, and infant sex. A total of 3,730 children with CHDs and 7,385 children without CHDs were evaluated. Children with CHD were less likely to be proficient in early elementary school grades for mathematics (3rd: OR=0.72, 95% CI: 0.59, 0.87; 4th: OR=0.77, 95% CI: 0.62, 0.95) and literacy (3rd: OR=0.75, 95% CI: 0.63, 0.89; 4th: OR=0.72, 95% CI: 0.58, 0.90). The trend of being less proficient associated with CHD remained mostly consistent with sex, gestational age, and birth weight. In multivariate analysis, CHD was negatively associated with being proficient in mathematics and literacy. Maternal education (1-3 years beyond high school) was positively associated with test proficiency. Additionally, non-Hispanic (NH) black children had lower odds of being proficient compared to NH white children. Educational performance was negatively associated with CHD in early elementary grades; there was no difference in later grades. However, larger sample sizes in later grades are necessary for reliable estimates. Maternal education and race/ethnicity were significant factors associated with childhood educational performance.

scholarly journals Left Ventricular Noncompaction Is More Prevalent in Ventricular Septal Defect Than Other Congenital Heart Defects: A Morphological Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Laís Costa Marques ◽  
Gabriel Romero Liguori ◽  
Ana Carolina Amarante Amarante Souza ◽  
Vera Demarchi Aiello
Keyword(s):  
Ventricular Septal Defect ◽  
Congenital Heart Defects ◽  
Morphological Study ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Septal Defect ◽  
Heart Defects ◽  
Atrioventricular Septal Defect ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Left Ventricular Noncompaction ◽  
Ventricular Noncompaction

Left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC) is a condition characterized by prominent ventricular trabeculae and deep intertrabecular recesses and has been described as a possible substrate for arrhythmias, thromboembolism, and heart failure. Herein, we explored the prevalence of LVNC morphology among hearts with congenital heart defects (CHD). We examined 259 postnatal hearts with one of the following CHD: isolated ventricular septal defect (VSD); isolated atrial septal defect (ASD); atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD); transposition of the great arteries (TGA); isomerism of the atrial appendages (ISOM); Ebstein’s malformation (EB); Tetralogy of Fallot (TF). Eleven hearts from children who died of non-cardiovascular causes were used as controls. The thickness of the compacted and non-compacted left ventricular myocardial wall was determined and the specimens classified as presenting or not LVNC morphology according to three criteria, as proposed by Chin, Jenni, and Petersen. Normal hearts did not present LVNC, but the CHD group presented different percentages of LVNC in at least one diagnostic criterium. The prevalence of LVNC was respectively, according to Chin’s, Jenni´s and Petersen´s methods: for VSD—54.2%, 35.4%, and 12.5%; ASD—8.3%, 8.3%, and 8.3%; AVSD—2.9%, 2.9%, and 0.0%; TGA—22.6%, 17%, and 5.7%; ISOM—7.1%, 7.1%, and 7.1%; EB—28.6%, 9.5%, and 0.0%; TF—5.9%. 2.9%, and 2.9%. VSD hearts showed a significantly greater risk of presenting LVNC when compared to controls (Chin and Jenni criteria). No other CHD presented similar risk. Current results show some agreement with previous studies, such as LVNC morphology being more prevalent in VSDs. Nonetheless, this is a morphological study and cannot be correlated with symptoms or severity of the CHD.

scholarly journals Maternal sociodemographic characteristics, early pregnancy behaviours, and livebirth outcomes as congenital heart defects risk factors - Northern Ireland 2010-2014

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hafi Saad ◽  
Marlene Sinclair ◽  
Brendan Bunting
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Birth Outcomes ◽  
Congenital Heart Defects ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Heart Defects ◽  
Sociodemographic Characteristics ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background Congenital Heart Defects (CHD) is the most commonly occurring congenital anomaly in Europe and a major paediatric health care concern. Investigations are needed to enable identification of CHD risk factors as studies have given conflicting results. This study aim was to identify maternal sociodemographic characteristics, behaviours, and birth outcomes as risk factors for CHD. This was a population based, data linkage cohort study using anonymised data from Northern Ireland (NI) covering the period 2010-2014. The study cohort composed of 94,067 live births with an outcome of 1162 cases of CHD using the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD)-10 codes and based on the European Surveillance of Congenital Anomalies (EUROCAT) grouping system for CHD. CHD cases were obtained from the HeartSuite database (HSD) at the Royal Belfast Hospital for Sick Children (RBHSC), maternal data were extracted from the Northern Ireland Maternity System (NIMATS), and medication data were extracted from the Enhanced Prescribing Database (EPD). STATA version 14 was used for the statistical analysis in this study, Odds Ratio (OR), 95% Confident intervals (CI), P value, and logistic regression were used in the analysis. Ethical approval was granted from the National Health Service (NHS) Research Ethics Committee. Result In this study, a number of potential risk factors were assessed for statistically significant association with CHD, however only certain risk factors demonstrated a statistically significant association with CHD which included: gestational age at first booking (AOR = 1.21; 95% CI = 1.04-1.41; P < 0.05), family history of CHD or congenital abnormalities and syndromes (AOR = 4.14; 95% CI = 2.47-6.96; P < 0.05), woman’s smoking in pregnancy (AOR = 1.22; 95% CI = 1.04-1.43; P < 0.05), preterm birth (AOR = 3.01; 95% CI = 2.44-3.01; P < 0.05), multiple births (AOR = 1.89; 95% CI = 1.58-2.60; P < 0.05), history of abortion (AOR = 1.12; 95% CI = 1.03-1.28; P < 0.05), small for gestational age (SGA) (AOR = 1.44; 95% CI = 1.22-1.78; P < 0.05), and low birth weight (LBW) (AOR = 3.10; 95% CI = 2.22-3.55; P < 0.05). Prescriptions and redemptions of antidiabetic (AOR = 2.68; 95% CI = 1.85-3.98; P < 0.05), antiepileptic (AOR = 1.77; 95% CI = 1.10-2.81; P < 0.05), and dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors (DHFRI) (AOR = 2.13; 95% CI = 1.17-5.85; P < 0.05) in early pregnancy also showed evidence of statistically significant association with CHD. Conclusion The results of this study suggested that there are certain maternal sociodemographic characteristics, behaviours and birth outcomes that are statistically significantly associated with higher risk of CHD. Appropriate prevention policy to target groups with higher risk for CHD may help to reduce CHD prevalence. These results are important for policy makers, obstetricians, cardiologists, paediatricians, midwives and the public.

scholarly journals Prenatal Diagnosis by Array Comparative Genomic Hybridization in Fetuses with Cardiac Abnormalities

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 2021
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Kowalczyk ◽  
Magdalena Bartnik-Głaska ◽  
Marta Smyk ◽  
Izabela Plaskota ◽  
Joanna Bernaciak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prenatal Diagnosis ◽  
Comparative Genomic Hybridization ◽  
Congenital Heart Defects ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Array Cgh ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Heart Defects ◽  
Comparative Genomic ◽  
Genomic Hybridization ◽  
Fetal Ultrasound

Congenital heart defects (CHDs) appear in 8–10 out of 1000 live born newborns and are one of the most common causes of deaths. In fetuses, the congenital heart defects are found even 3–5 times more often. Currently, microarray comparative genomic hybridization (array CGH) is recommended by worldwide scientific organizations as a first-line test in the prenatal diagnosis of fetuses with sonographic abnormalities, especially cardiac defects. We present the results of the application of array CGH in 484 cases with prenatally diagnosed congenital heart diseases by fetal ultrasound scanning (256 isolated CHD and 228 CHD coexisting with other malformations). We identified pathogenic aberrations and likely pathogenic genetic loci for CHD in 165 fetuses and 9 copy number variants (CNVs) of unknown clinical significance. Prenatal array-CGH is a useful method allowing the identification of all unbalanced aberrations (number and structure) with a much higher resolution than the currently applied traditional assessment techniques karyotype. Due to this ability, we identified the etiology of heart defects in 37% of cases.

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