scholarly journals Overall phylogenetic relationships of Scutellaria (Lamiaceae) shed light on the origin of the predominantly Caucasian and Irano-Turanian S. orientalis group

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rashad A. Salimov ◽  
Gerald Parolly ◽  
Thomas Borsch
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Shed Light

Natalignathus, gen. nov. and larvae of Atanygnathus: a missing phylogenetic link between subtribes Quediina and Tanygnathinina (Coleoptera:Staphylinidae:Staphylininae:Staphylinini)

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 75 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Yu. Solodovnikov
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
South African ◽  
Unknown Function ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
New Genus ◽  
New South ◽  
Head Capsule ◽  
Rove Beetle ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Shed Light

Discovery of adults and a larva of Natalignathus, a new South African endemic genus, and examination of previously undescribed larvae of Atanygnathus Jakobson shed light on the phylogenetic relationships of the puzzling rove beetle subtribe Tanygnathinina (Staphylinidae : Staphylininae : Staphylinini). Based on plesiomorphic states for many characters of Natalignathus, gen. nov., inferred on the basis of comparison of the new genus with Atanygnathus, various Quediina and other Staphylinini, Natalignathus can be considered either a relatively plesiomorphy-rich member of Tanygnathinina, or a derived genus of Quediina, essentially linking these two subtribes together. Based on morphological and distributional data, it is preliminarily assumed that Atanygnathus evolved from some lineage of southern Quediina, which currently are very poorly known. Comparative study of the adults of Natalignathus and Atanygnathus allows correction of earlier misinterpretations of the structure of the aedeagus and head capsule ridges of Atanygnathus. Detailed morphological descriptions are provided for adults and a larva of Natalignathus and for the larvae of two species of Atanygnathus, A. bicolor (Casey) and A. sp. 1. Special appendages of unknown function are present on the mesothoracic spiracles of the examined larvae of Atanygnathus. No similar structures are known in any other group of Staphylinidae or Coleoptera. Based on the new findings, a review of the state of knowledge of the subtribes Quediina and Tanygnathinina and an updated diagnosis of the latter are provided.

scholarly journals New data on the evolution of the Cretan spiny mouse, Acomys minous (Rodentia: Murinae), shed light on the phylogenetic relationships in the cahirinus group

2011 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 498-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
EVA B. GIAGIA-ATHANASOPOULOU ◽  
MICHAIL T. H. ROVATSOS ◽  
GEORGE P. MITSAINAS ◽  
STEFANOS MARTIMIANAKIS ◽  
PETROS LYMBERAKIS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Spiny Mouse ◽  
Shed Light

scholarly journals Revision of Erpetosuchus (Archosauria: Pseudosuchia) and new erpetosuchid material from the Late Triassic ‘Elgin Reptile’ fauna based on μCT scanning techniques

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Davide FOFFA ◽  
Richard J. BUTLER ◽  
Sterling J. NESBITT ◽  
Stig WALSH ◽  
Paul M. BARRETT ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Late Triassic ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Fossil Remains ◽  
New Information ◽  
Sandstone Formation ◽  
Shed Light

ABSTRACT The Late Triassic fauna of the Lossiemouth Sandstone Formation (LSF) from the Elgin area, Scotland, has been pivotal in expanding our understanding of Triassic terrestrial tetrapods. Frustratingly, due to their odd preservation, interpretations of the Elgin Triassic specimens have relied on destructive moulding techniques, which only provide incomplete, and potentially distorted, information. Here, we show that micro-computed tomography (μCT) could revitalise the study of this important assemblage. We describe a long-neglected specimen that was originally identified as a pseudosuchian archosaur, Ornithosuchus woodwardi. μCT scans revealed dozens of bones belonging to at least two taxa: a small-bodied pseudosuchian and a specimen of the procolophonid Leptopleuron lacertinum. The pseudosuchian skeleton possesses a combination of characters that are unique to the clade Erpetosuchidae. As a basis for investigating the phylogenetic relationships of this new specimen, we reviewed the anatomy, taxonomy and systematics of other erpetosuchid specimens from the LSF (all previously referred to Erpetosuchus). Unfortunately, due to the differing representation of the skeleton in the available Erpetosuchus specimens, we cannot determine whether the erpetosuchid specimen we describe here belongs to Erpetosuchus granti (to which we show it is closely related) or if it represents a distinct new taxon. Nevertheless, our results shed light on rarely preserved details of erpetosuchid anatomy. Finally, the unanticipated new information extracted from both previously studied and neglected specimens suggests that fossil remains may be much more widely distributed in the Elgin quarries than previously recognised, and that the richness of the LSF might have been underestimated.

Litter bugs exposed: phylogenetic relationships of Dipsocoromorpha (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) based on molecular data

2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christiane Weirauch ◽  
Pavel Štys
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Comprehensive Treatment ◽  
Species Discovery ◽  
True Bugs ◽  
Phylogenetic Framework ◽  
Molecular Dataset ◽  
First Time ◽  
Shed Light

Species in the heteropteran infraorder Dipsocoromorpha, or litter bugs, are small, cryptic, stunningly diverse and understudied. In addition to the vast amount of species discovery and morphological exploration that remain to be done in this group, phylogenetic relationships within the litter bugs are poorly understood. A phylogenetic framework will make Dipsocoromorpha more accessible for systematic studies at all levels and is therefore a first step towards a comprehensive treatment of the group. Using a molecular dataset (87 taxa of Hemiptera including 35 Dipsocoromorpha; two genes) and maximum likelihood and parsimony methods, we here aim to test, for the first time using cladistic methods and a comprehensive dataset, relationships within Dipsocoromorpha. We investigate if Dipsocoromorpha are monophyletic, shed light on the relationships among the three families included in this analysis, and study relationships within the largest family of Dipsocoromorpha, the Schizopteridae. Based on this dataset, we find that the monophyly of Dipsocoromorpha is strongly supported in all analyses and that Ceratocombidae and Dipsocoridae together are recovered as the sister group of Schizopteridae. Within Schizopteridae, Hypselosomatinae are treated as the sister group to a clade formed by the monophyletic Ogeriinae and monophyletic Schizopterinae. Within Schizopterinae, there is evidence for the monophyly of the Corixidea genus group, and we present additional infra-generic and genus-level hypotheses. We discuss these hypotheses in the light of current classifications and hypotheses on relationships and as the first contribution towards revealing the phylogenetic relationships of a remarkable and neglected clade of true bugs.

scholarly journals The phylogenetic relationships of basal archosauromorphs, with an emphasis on the systematics of proterosuchian archosauriforms

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e1778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martín D. Ezcurra
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Data Matrix ◽  
Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Nominal Species ◽  
Triassic Boundary ◽  
Deep Time ◽  
Evolutionary Radiations ◽  
Osteological Characters ◽  
Shed Light

The early evolution of archosauromorphs during the Permo-Triassic constitutes an excellent empirical case study to shed light on evolutionary radiations in deep time and the timing and processes of recovery of terrestrial faunas after a mass extinction. However, macroevolutionary studies of early archosauromorphs are currently limited by poor knowledge of their phylogenetic relationships. In particular, one of the main early archosauromorph groups that need an exhaustive phylogenetic study is “Proterosuchia,” which as historically conceived includes members of both Proterosuchidae and Erythrosuchidae. A new data matrix composed of 96 separate taxa (several of them not included in a quantitative phylogenetic analysis before) and 600 osteological characters was assembled and analysed to generate a comprehensive higher-level phylogenetic hypothesis of basal archosauromorphs and shed light on the species-level interrelationships of taxa historically identified as proterosuchian archosauriforms. The results of the analysis using maximum parsimony include a polyphyletic “Prolacertiformes” and “Protorosauria,” in which the PermianAenigmastropheusandProtorosaurusare the most basal archosauromorphs. The enigmatic choristoderans are either found as the sister-taxa of all other lepidosauromorphs or archosauromorphs, but consistently placed within Sauria. Prolacertids, rhynchosaurs, allokotosaurians and tanystropheids are the major successive sister clades of Archosauriformes. The Early TriassicTasmaniosaurusis recovered as the sister-taxon of Archosauriformes. Proterosuchidae is unambiguosly restricted to five species that occur immediately after and before the Permo-Triassic boundary, thus implying that they are a short-lived “disaster” clade. Erythrosuchidae is composed of eight nominal species that occur during the Early and Middle Triassic. “Proterosuchia” is polyphyletic, in which erythrosuchids are more closely related toEuparkeriaand more crownward archosauriforms than to proterosuchids, and several species are found widespread along the archosauromorph tree, some being nested within Archosauria (e.g., “Chasmatosaurus ultimus,”Youngosuchus). Doswelliids and proterochampsids are recovered as more closely related to each other than to other archosauromorphs, forming a large clade (Proterochampsia) of semi-aquatic to aquatic forms that includes the bizarre genusVancleavea.Euparkeriais one of the sister-taxa of the clade composed of proterochampsians and archosaurs. The putative Indian archosaurYarasuchusis recovered in a polytomy withEuparkeriaand more crownward archosauriforms, and as more closely related to the RussianDongusuchusthan to other species. Phytosaurs are recovered as the sister-taxa of all other pseudosuchians, thus being nested within Archosauria.

Architecture of Radiolitid Rudist (Mollusca) Shell-Wall Structures and its Phylogenetic Implications

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 686-687
Author(s):  
David H. Sturm ◽  
Bob F. Perkins
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Outer Wall ◽  
Shell Microstructure ◽  
Shell Wall ◽  
Wall Structures ◽  
Phylogenetic Implications ◽  
Cellular Wall ◽  
Superfamily Analysis ◽  
Central Texas

Each of the seven families of rudists (Mollusca, Bivalvia, Hippuritacea) is characterized by distinctive shell-wall architectures which reflect phylogenetic relationships within the superfamily. Analysis of the complex, calcareous, cellular wall of the attached valve of the radiolite rudist Eoradiolites davidsoni (Hill) from the Comanche Cretaceous of Central Texas indicates that its wall architecture is an elaboration of the simpler monopleurid rudist wall and supports possible radiolite-monopleurid relationships.Several well-preserved specimens of E. davidsoni were sectioned, polished, etched, and carbon and gold coated for SEM examination. Maximum shell microstructure detail was displayed by etching with a 0.7% HC1 solution from 80 to 100 seconds.The shell of E. davidsoni comprises a large, thick-walled, conical, attached valve (AV) and a small, very thin, operculate, free valve (FV) (Fig. 1a). The AV shell is two-layered with a thin inner wall, in which original structures are usually obliterated by recrystallization, and a thick, cellular, outer wall.

Elucidating cyclic AMP signaling in subcellular domains with optogenetic tools and fluorescent biosensors

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 1733-1747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Klausen ◽  
Fabian Kaiser ◽  
Birthe Stüven ◽  
Jan N. Hansen ◽  
Dagmar Wachten
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
Adenylyl Cyclases ◽  
Temporal Precision ◽  
Fluorescent Biosensors ◽  
Subcellular Domains ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Cyclic Amp Signaling

The second messenger 3′,5′-cyclic nucleoside adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) plays a key role in signal transduction across prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Cyclic AMP signaling is compartmentalized into microdomains to fulfil specific functions. To define the function of cAMP within these microdomains, signaling needs to be analyzed with spatio-temporal precision. To this end, optogenetic approaches and genetically encoded fluorescent biosensors are particularly well suited. Synthesis and hydrolysis of cAMP can be directly manipulated by photoactivated adenylyl cyclases (PACs) and light-regulated phosphodiesterases (PDEs), respectively. In addition, many biosensors have been designed to spatially and temporarily resolve cAMP dynamics in the cell. This review provides an overview about optogenetic tools and biosensors to shed light on the subcellular organization of cAMP signaling.

Sentence-Based Experience Logging in New Hearing Aid Users

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (3S) ◽  
pp. 631-637
Author(s):  
Katja Lund ◽  
Rodrigo Ordoñez ◽  
Jens Bo Nielsen ◽  
Dorte Hammershøi
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Aid ◽  
Patient Experiences ◽  
Online Tool ◽  
Rehabilitation Process ◽  
Hearing Rehabilitation ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
Hearing Aid Use ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Shed Light

Purpose The aim of this study was to develop a tool to gain insight into the daily experiences of new hearing aid users and to shed light on aspects of aided performance that may not be unveiled through standard questionnaires. Method The tool is developed based on clinical observations, patient experiences, expert involvement, and existing validated hearing rehabilitation questionnaires. Results An online tool for collecting data related to hearing aid use was developed. The tool is based on 453 prefabricated sentences representing experiences within 13 categories related to hearing aid use. Conclusions The tool has the potential to reflect a wide range of individual experiences with hearing aid use, including auditory and nonauditory aspects. These experiences may hold important knowledge for both the patient and the professional in the hearing rehabilitation process.

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