scholarly journals Fake news and its Impact on national cohesion: the Nigerian story

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-92
Author(s):  
Silas Udenze
Keyword(s):  
Fake News ◽  
Ruling Class ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Discussion Paper ◽  
Political Activities ◽  
Electoral Violence ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Verification Tools ◽  
Release Of Information ◽  
The Masses

This discussion paper explores fake news and its impact on national cohesion: the Nigerian perspective. Recently, fake news has become a global phenomenon and impacts nations' economic and socio-political activities. The current discussion paper utilizes secondary sources to buttress the effects of fake news on Nigeria's national cohesion. The paper opined that fake news intentionally fabricated and disseminated information to deceive and mislead others into believing falsehoods. Further, the study discovered that some of the adverse effects of fake news include ethno-religious crisis, electoral violence, and economic instability, among others. Also, it identified the causes of fake news as the mistrust of the ruling class by the masses, social media and affordable data, capitalist motives, late release of information by agencies of government, inadequate capacities of media outlets to verify and release authentic information etc. As a result of fake news, it is recommended that: There is a need always to check multiple sources to confirm the authenticity information before dissemination. We are encouraged to use verification tools and also check the metadata of the information. We should endeavor to be media literate; think before disseminating any information. However, fake news's menace may be impossible to eradicate, but its negative implications can be reduced or managed if we are committed to the preceding statement.

scholarly journals Fake and Real News detection Using Python

2020 ◽  
pp. 423-428
Author(s):  
Fakhra Akhtar ◽  
Faizan Ahmed Khan
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Fake News ◽  
False Information ◽  
False Negatives ◽  
Mainstream Media ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
The Masses ◽  
Negative Attributes ◽  
Entire Dataset ◽  
F Measure

<p>In the digital age, fake news has become a well-known phenomenon. The spread of false evidence is often used to confuse mainstream media and political opponents, and can lead to social media wars, hatred arguments and debates.Fake news is blurring the distinction between real and false information, and is often spread on social media resulting in negative views and opinions. Earlier Research describe the fact that false propaganda is used to create false stories on mainstream media in order to cause a revolt and tension among the masses The digital rights foundation DRF report, which builds on the experiences of 152 journalists and activists in Pakistan, presents that more than 88 % of the participants find social media platforms as the worst source for information, with Facebook being the absolute worst. The dataset used in this paper relates to Real and fake news detection. The objective of this paper is to determine the Accuracy , precision , of the entire dataset .The results are visualized in the form of graphs and the analysis was done using python. The results showed the fact that the dataset holds 95% of the accuracy. The number of actual predicted cases were 296. Results of this paper reveals that The accuracy of the model dataset is 95.26 % the precision results 95.79 % whereas recall and F-Measure shows 94.56% and 95.17% accuracy respectively.Whereas in predicted models there are 296 positive attributes , 308 negative attributes 17 false positives and 13 false negatives. This research recommends that authenticity of news should be analysed first instead of drafting an opinion, sharing fake news or false information is considered unethical journalists and news consumers both should act responsibly while sharing any news.</p>

Fake News

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil Levy
Keyword(s):  
Free Speech ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Fact Checking

The blame for fake news obviously lies with the producers. It is plausible, nevertheless, that consumers have a responsibility to avoid fake news, to engage in fact-checking, or to seek multiple sources, including sources with different ideologies. This chapter argues that these strategies have limited utility and if the problem of fake news is to be effectively addressed, we need responses at the supply end, not the consumption end. Since suppliers, who are often ill motivated, cannot be expected to offer or consent to these responses, we need effective regulation or control of sources. The author sketches proposals compatible with maintaining the rights of everyone to free speech.

Key Determinants of Successful Implementation of IT in International Commercial Bank

2011 ◽  
pp. 130-154
Author(s):  
Tarek Hatem ◽  
Elham Metwally
Keyword(s):  
Commercial Bank ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
It Implementation ◽  
Cultural Pattern

This research reports the results of a single case study that covers a successful project of IT implementation in International Commercial Bank (ICB) from the Egyptian banking industry. The case highlights leadership actions, as well as other related factors regarding effectiveness of IT implementation that are linked to strategic competitiveness and value creation. Multiple sources of data were used. Primary sources include in-depth interviews in semi-structured format with industry authorities, IT and retail banking managers, and the bank’s executives in general; whereas, secondary sources of data include annual reports, website information, and financial statements. Findings show that successful implementation was influenced by the interplay of several management practices, which eventually, had an impact on strategic competitiveness through their impact on some in-house attributes; notably, a dominating constructive cultural pattern leading to higher levels of organizational commitment, and the bank’s value chain.

Augmenting Medical Decision Making With Text-Based Search of Teaching File Repositories and Medical Ontologies

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 18-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priya Deshpande ◽  
Alexander Rasin ◽  
Eli T Brown ◽  
Jacob Furst ◽  
Steven M. Montner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Medical Decision ◽  
Diagnostic Process ◽  
Snomed Ct ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Public Data ◽  
Teaching Files ◽  
Teaching Cases ◽  
Radiology Image

Teaching files are widely used by radiologists in the diagnostic process and for student education. Most hospitals maintain an active collection of teaching files for internal purposes, but many teaching files are also publicly available online, some linked to secondary sources. However, public sources offer very limited (and ad-hoc) search capabilities. Based on the previous work on data integration and text-based search, the authors extended their Integrated Radiology Image Search (IRIS 1.1) engine with a new medical ontology, SNOMED CT, and the ICD10 dictionary. IRIS 1.1 integrates public data sources and applies query expansion with exact and partial matches to find relevant teaching files. Using a set of 28 representative queries from multiple sources, the search engine finds more relevant teaching cases versus other publicly available search engines.

scholarly journals Passive seismic event estimation using multiscattering waveform inversion

Geophysics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. KS59-KS69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Song ◽  
Zedong Wu ◽  
Tariq Alkhalifah
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Data ◽  
Waveform Inversion ◽  
Velocity Model ◽  
Source Image ◽  
Time Inversion ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Origin Time ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Velocity Models ◽  
Passive Seismic

Passive seismic monitoring has become an effective method to understand underground processes. Time-reversal-based methods are often used to locate passive seismic events directly. However, these kinds of methods are strongly dependent on the accuracy of the velocity model. Full-waveform inversion (FWI) has been used on passive seismic data to invert the velocity model and source image, simultaneously. However, waveform inversion of passive seismic data uses mainly the transmission energy, which results in poor illumination and low resolution. We developed a waveform inversion using multiscattered energy for passive seismic to extract more information from the data than conventional FWI. Using transmission wavepath information from single- and double-scattering, computed from a predicted scatterer field acting as secondary sources, our method provides better illumination of the velocity model than conventional FWI. Using a new objective function, we optimized the source image and velocity model, including multiscattered energy, simultaneously. Because we conducted our method in the frequency domain with a complex source function including spatial and wavelet information, we mitigate the uncertainties of the source wavelet and source origin time. Inversion results from the Marmousi model indicate that by taking advantage of multiscattered energy and starting from a reasonably acceptable frequency (a single source at 3 Hz and multiple sources at 5 Hz), our method yields better inverted velocity models and source images compared with conventional FWI.

Bourgeois Politics and Ideology in Vincent Egbuson’s Womandela

Matatu ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-69
Author(s):  
DELE BAMIDELE ◽  
SUNDAY VICTOR AKWU
Keyword(s):  
Civil Wars ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Ruling Class ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Political Reality ◽  
African Writer ◽  
African Writers ◽  
The Masses ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Coups D'etat

With few exceptions, African countries have suffered perennial bad governance, bloody civil wars, and coups-d’état. The continent suffocates in the grip of political elites and military juntas. Capitalism as an economic system empowers a few who lord it over the weak majority. The ruling class also contributes to the suffering of the masses by flagrantly looting the nation’s treasury and flaunting it while the majority of the populace wallow in abject poverty. African writers problematize and diagnose this scenario and the Weltschmerz bedevilling African socio-political life, in a bid to offering lasting solutions, in the process experimenting with ‘home-made’ as well as ‘imported’ ideologies in the struggle for the African utopia. Vincent Egbuson, a ‘new-generation’ African writer, is indubitably a committed writer. In confronting the African socio-political malady in Womandela, he has adopted divergent ideologies to sharpen his social vision. The purpose of this study is, accordingly, to scrutinize the ideological bent of Egbuson’s novel and to determine its efficacy against the backdrop of the socio-political reality of contemporary Africa.

scholarly journals Political Changes in Hungary After the Soviet Invasion of Czechoslovakia

Slavic Review ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 633-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barnabas Racz
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Economic Reform ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Activities ◽  
East European ◽  
Socialist System ◽  
Political Reforms ◽  
The Government ◽  
Soviet Invasion ◽  
The Masses

When the economic reform (NEM) was introduced in Hungary in early 1968, it was announced that political reforms aiming at the "democratization of the socialist system" would also be made. The Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party (MSZMP) and the government stated that economic decentralization would be accompanied by the "strengthening of socialist democracy and the broadening of the participation of the masses in political activities." Several measures were taken to promote this objective through discussion and debate–but not through dissent or decision-making. After the Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia in August 1968, which seriously affected the entire East European bloc, Hungary's move toward democratization became less pronounced and the government's policy definitely more cautious both in words and deeds. In this study I attempt to analyze the meaning and scope of the political changes that took place in Hungary in the aftermath of Czechoslovakia, giving special attention to the concept of democracy, the organization of the party and government, the position of the mass organizations, and the meaning of the increasing group conflicts.

1903-1914

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-207
Author(s):  
Michael Confino
Keyword(s):  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
Ethnic Composition ◽  
Political Activities ◽  
Autonomous Action ◽  
State Of Mind ◽  
Future Society ◽  
Spontaneous Action ◽  
Self Rule ◽  
Everyday Realities ◽  
The Masses

AbstractFrom the first years after 1900, the Russian anarchists debated the “question of the organization,” and examined how they should organize the movement so that they may carry on its political activities and secure freedom of expression and of spontaneous action both for its members and for the masses. Opposed as they were to all kind of hierarchic, centralized, and pyramidal types of organization, most of the Russian anarchists preferred the creation of independent and autonomous groups whose members would be linked by a community of ideas and feelings. (The first groups appeared in Russia in 1903.) Under the influence of classical anarchist thinkers like Bakunin, Kropotkin, and Malatesta, some of them saw in anarchism not only an ideology, but a way of life, and tried to create cells in the image of the future society. Everyday realities compelled many of them to adopt more efficient and practical solutions. The most frequent terms used in their vocabulary (and examined here) reveal their state of mind and ways of action, terms such as self-rule, initiative, autonomous action, independence, creativity, and free activity. Their groups were usually homogenous in terms of their social, educational, and national or ethnic composition. They rejected the practice of collecting members' fees or donations. As a result they faced the problem of how to finance their activities. A major debate ensued whether or not to use “expropriations” (eksy), armed attacks on state institutions or private enterprises, for gathering funds, and how such actions were viewed by the masses. The Revolution of 1905, in which the anarchists participated actively, had important repercussions on their views and ways of organizing.

scholarly journals Two Wrongs Make a Right: Addressing Underreporting in Binary Data from Multiple Sources

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott J. Cook ◽  
Betsabe Blas ◽  
Raymond J. Carroll ◽  
Samiran Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Binary Data ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Event Data ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
News Sources ◽  
The Social ◽  
Data Generating Process ◽  
Event Model ◽  
Conflict In Africa

Media-based event data—i.e., data comprised from reporting by media outlets—are widely used in political science research. However, events of interest (e.g., strikes, protests, conflict) are often underreported by these primary and secondary sources, producing incomplete data that risks inconsistency and bias in subsequent analysis. While general strategies exist to help ameliorate this bias, these methods do not make full use of the information often available to researchers. Specifically, much of the event data used in the social sciences is drawn from multiple, overlapping news sources (e.g., Agence France-Presse, Reuters). Therefore, we propose a novel maximum likelihood estimator that corrects for misclassification in data arising from multiple sources. In the most general formulation of our estimator, researchers can specify separate sets of predictors for the true-event model and each of the misclassification models characterizing whether a source fails to report on an event. As such, researchers are able to accurately test theories on both the causes of and reporting on an event of interest. Simulations evidence that our technique regularly outperforms current strategies that either neglect misclassification, the unique features of the data-generating process, or both. We also illustrate the utility of this method with a model of repression using the Social Conflict in Africa Database.

scholarly journals Politics of Godfatherism and its Implication on Socio-Economic and Political Development of Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatima Ahmed ◽  
Mustapha Alhaji Ali
Keyword(s):  
Political Development ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
The Political ◽  
Elite Theory ◽  
Primary Election ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Party Members ◽  
Political Act ◽  
The Masses ◽  
Direct Primary

In contemporary democracy politics of godfatherism has become a universal issue in the political development of many countries Nigeria inclusive. The paper studied the implication of politics of godfatherism on the socio-economic and political development of Nigeria. Certainly, the politics of godfatherism have entered every hook and crannies of the nation and have affected the political structure of the country. This paper is qualitative in nature; data were obtained from secondary sources where numerous articles, newspapers, magazines, books reports, and archives were systematically reviewed. In elucidating the topic under examination, the researcher used Elite theory. This theory was advocated by Vilfredo Pareto in 1935, the postulation of the theory is that elites are replaced by another group of elites, meaning that the majority are unavoidably governed by the minority. The study found that the politics of godfatherism has a negative impact on the socio-economic and political development of the nation by confining power in the hands of the few elites at the expense of the masses (electorates). This has affected the socio-economic and political development of the nation, and by extension led to inter-party and intra-party defections, decamping’s and conflicts among the party members. Therefore, the study recommends the implementation of the direct primary election in the selecting candidate into elective positions. In addition to that, INEC should make a law that will discourage money politics and should as well punish the culprit involved in such an illegal political act.

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