scholarly journals A participatory approach for identification of micro flood zones in poorly developed urban areas

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 941-949
Author(s):  
Osama Dawoud ◽  
Mustafa Mansour
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Present Status ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Hydrological Modeling ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Gaza Strip ◽  
Participatory Approach

The lack of observation technologies and the information records in developing countries restrict the applicability of advanced approaches for identification of flood zones and setting-up flood risk mitigation plans. Greater challenge is encountered in urban and areas where the natural hydrological conditions are altered. The current paper proposes an approach that utilizes the globally available data for the essential hydrological analysis. The approach integrates the spatial-analysis and hydrological modeling approaches with a set of sequential iterative field/desk activities that confine and filter the flood zones and identify the associated risks. The proposed approach involves a systematic system for classification of the zones prone to flood according to the present status and the foreseen flood-risks. The proposed approach is sufficient to identify the micro-flood zones which might not be captured by the traditional analysis methods. The case study of Gaza Strip in Palestine is considered for validation of the approach and identification of the approach potential and limitations.

scholarly journals Classification of Landforms for Digital Soil Mapping in Urban Areas Using LiDAR Data Derived Terrain Attributes: A Case Study from Berlin, Germany

Land ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Ali Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Human Impacts ◽  
Soil Mapping ◽  
Fuzzy Classification ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Ground Truth Data ◽  
Terrain Attributes ◽  
Lidar Dem

In this study, a knowledge-based fuzzy classification method was used to classify possible soil-landforms in urban areas based on analysis of morphometric parameters (terrain attributes) derived from digital elevation models (DEMs). A case study in the city area of Berlin was used to compare two different resolution DEMs in terms of their potential to find a specific relationship between landforms, soil types and the suitability of these DEMs for soil mapping. Almost all the topographic parameters were obtained from high-resolution light detection and ranging (LiDAR)-DEM (1 m) and Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER)-DEM (30 m), which were used as thresholds for the classification of landforms in the selected study area with a total area of about 39.40 km2. The accuracy of both classifications was evaluated by comparing ground point samples as ground truth data with the classification results. The LiDAR-DEM based classification has shown promising results for classification of landforms into geomorphological (sub)categories in urban areas. This is indicated by an acceptable overall accuracy of 93%. While the classification based on ASTER-DEM showed an accuracy of 70%. The coarser ASTER-DEM based classification requires additional and more detailed information directly related to soil-forming factors to extract geomorphological parameters. The importance of using LiDAR-DEM classification was particularly evident when classifying landforms that have narrow spatial extent such as embankments and channel banks or when determining the general accuracy of landform boundaries such as crests and flat lands. However, this LiDAR-DEM classification has shown that there are categories of landforms that received a large proportion of the misclassifications such as terraced land and steep embankments in other parts of the study area due to the increased distance from the major rivers and the complex nature of these landforms. In contrast, the results of the ASTER-DEM based classification have shown that the ASTER-DEM cannot deal with small-scale spatial variation of soil and landforms due to the increasing human impacts on landscapes in urban areas. The application of the approach used to extract terrain parameters from the LiDAR-DEM and their use in classification of landforms has shown that it can support soil surveys that require a lot of time and resources for traditional soil mapping.

Classification of Rural Areas by Typology : A Case Study of Yunlin & Chiayi, Taiwan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsin Yang ◽  
Hsueh-Sheng Chang
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Economic Structure ◽  
Space Structure ◽  
Overlay Analysis ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Relationship

<p>In the past, Taiwan's spatial planning has focused on the development of urban areas and overlooked rural areas, which has led to difficulty in promoting rural-urban relationships. This study suggests that rural areas should not just be seen as single entities, but as a collection of distinct areas. Since it is becoming important to develop a new spatial planning in Taiwan, this study examines territorial space structure from a regional perspective, with a focus on the development of the rural areas of Yunlin & Chiayi. Consequently, this study aims to classify rural areas by the procedure of typology, in terms of their development dynamics, location, and economic structure, selecting appropriate indicators for each focus of inquiry. The study then uses cluster analysis, accessibility analysis and overlay analysis methods to classify information about these rural areas. This approach will show the differences in their spatial characteristics along with their histories of development through time, as well as the relationship between these rural areas and the overall region in which they are situated. It is hoped that this research will provide a more accurate description than currently exists of the rural areas studied in this paper, and that this information will be a useful resource to those who are developing new plans and policies, so that better integration can occur between urban and rural in Taiwan.</p>

scholarly journals Zoning and spatial analysis of poverty in urban areas (Case Study: Sabzevar City-Iran)

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 342-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahman zandi ◽  
Mehdi Zanganeh ◽  
Ebrahim Akbari
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Urban Areas

scholarly journals RESPONSE OF FUEL SUBSIDY REMOVAL AS SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORT POLICY (CASE STUDY: WORKERS IN JAKARTA)

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
Octaviani Ariyanti ◽  
Samuel Petros Sebhatu
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Transport Policy ◽  
Sustainable Transport ◽  
Gasoline Price ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Travel Mode ◽  
Response Options

Motorization in urban areas contributes several problems such as congestion, accidents, gas emissions, noises, andinfrastructure breakage. Meanwhile, most of the developing countries cannot overcome such growth activities, as well as inJakarta. By December 2013, Vice Governor of Jakarta proposes fuel subsidy removal policy as one of sustainable transportpolicy. This study is intended to understand and investigate how fuel subsidy removal policy scenarios (25%, 50%, and 100%)in Jakarta affects travelers’ behavior and analyze such policy to support sustainable transport by using qualitative researchmethodology. Interviews and questionnaires survey is conducted to workers in Jakarta, which includes ranking scale questionfor traveler response options. The result shows that half of the respondents are not affected and will only respond to fuel priceincreasing at IDR 31,400 for gasoline price and IDR 26,300 for ADO (Auto Diesel Oil). Moreover, there is a tendency ofrespondent's to the response by changing their travel mode choices into more fuel efficient private vehicle.

scholarly journals Improving the accessibility to public schools in urban areas of developing countries through a location model and an analytical framework

PLoS ONE ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. e0262520
Author(s):  
Jesica de Armas ◽  
Helena Ramalhinho ◽  
Marta Reynal-Querol
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Location Model ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
New Schools ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
School Network

The location of primary public schools in urban areas of developing countries is the focus of this study. In such areas, new schools and modification of the current schools are required, and this process should be developed using rational and broad supporting tools for decision makers, such as optimization models. We propose a realistic coverage location model and a framework to analyze the location of schools. Our approach considers the existing schools and their resizing, the best locations of the new schools that may have different capacities, population coverage, walking distances and budget provisions for building and updating schools. As a case study, we assess the current primary school network in Ciudad Benito Juarez to provide managerial insights. Through the proposed framework, we analyze the current locations of schools and decisions to be made by considering future scenarios in different time periods. The proposed model is quite flexible and easy to adapt to new considerations, allowing it to be applied to regions in developing countries under similar conditions.

scholarly journals Social Return and Economic Viability of Social Farming in Catalonia: A Case-Study Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 398-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoni F. Tulla ◽  
Ana Vera ◽  
Natàlia Valldeperas ◽  
Carles Guirado
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Multifunctional Agriculture ◽  
Case Study Analysis ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Innovative Solutions ◽  
Social Farming ◽  
Depth Interviews

Abstract In Europe, Social Farming (SF) and agritourism are multifunctional agriculture activities that arise when agricultural land is abandoned in rural and peri-urban areas; it is difficult to develop commercial agriculture if it is not intensive. In our research, we studied SF in Catalonia, carrying out a census and classification of 161 initiatives and a more in-depth analysis of 10 projects (or 9 in some cases), identifying their viability and the economic, social, and environmental return on investment (SROI) for the resources used in each case. The methodology included questionnaires, in-depth interviews, and Canvas and SROI analyses. Although SF has developed in many European countries, it is incipient in the Iberian Peninsula. The projects in Catalonia combine agrarian activity, socio-health care and social policies, with the aim of offering innovative solutions to the needs of different groups at risk of social exclusion.

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