scholarly journals Classification of Landforms for Digital Soil Mapping in Urban Areas Using LiDAR Data Derived Terrain Attributes: A Case Study from Berlin, Germany

Land ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Ali Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Human Impacts ◽  
Soil Mapping ◽  
Fuzzy Classification ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Ground Truth Data ◽  
Terrain Attributes ◽  
Lidar Dem

In this study, a knowledge-based fuzzy classification method was used to classify possible soil-landforms in urban areas based on analysis of morphometric parameters (terrain attributes) derived from digital elevation models (DEMs). A case study in the city area of Berlin was used to compare two different resolution DEMs in terms of their potential to find a specific relationship between landforms, soil types and the suitability of these DEMs for soil mapping. Almost all the topographic parameters were obtained from high-resolution light detection and ranging (LiDAR)-DEM (1 m) and Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER)-DEM (30 m), which were used as thresholds for the classification of landforms in the selected study area with a total area of about 39.40 km2. The accuracy of both classifications was evaluated by comparing ground point samples as ground truth data with the classification results. The LiDAR-DEM based classification has shown promising results for classification of landforms into geomorphological (sub)categories in urban areas. This is indicated by an acceptable overall accuracy of 93%. While the classification based on ASTER-DEM showed an accuracy of 70%. The coarser ASTER-DEM based classification requires additional and more detailed information directly related to soil-forming factors to extract geomorphological parameters. The importance of using LiDAR-DEM classification was particularly evident when classifying landforms that have narrow spatial extent such as embankments and channel banks or when determining the general accuracy of landform boundaries such as crests and flat lands. However, this LiDAR-DEM classification has shown that there are categories of landforms that received a large proportion of the misclassifications such as terraced land and steep embankments in other parts of the study area due to the increased distance from the major rivers and the complex nature of these landforms. In contrast, the results of the ASTER-DEM based classification have shown that the ASTER-DEM cannot deal with small-scale spatial variation of soil and landforms due to the increasing human impacts on landscapes in urban areas. The application of the approach used to extract terrain parameters from the LiDAR-DEM and their use in classification of landforms has shown that it can support soil surveys that require a lot of time and resources for traditional soil mapping.

scholarly journals Impacts of small scale rainfall variability in urban areas: a case study with 1D and 1D/2D hydrological models in a multifractal framework

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 607-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Auguste Gires ◽  
Agathe Giangola-Murzyn ◽  
Jean-Baptiste Abbes ◽  
Ioulia Tchiguirinskaia ◽  
Daniel Schertzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rainfall Variability ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Hydrological Models

Classification of Rural Areas by Typology : A Case Study of Yunlin & Chiayi, Taiwan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsin Yang ◽  
Hsueh-Sheng Chang
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Economic Structure ◽  
Space Structure ◽  
Overlay Analysis ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Relationship

<p>In the past, Taiwan's spatial planning has focused on the development of urban areas and overlooked rural areas, which has led to difficulty in promoting rural-urban relationships. This study suggests that rural areas should not just be seen as single entities, but as a collection of distinct areas. Since it is becoming important to develop a new spatial planning in Taiwan, this study examines territorial space structure from a regional perspective, with a focus on the development of the rural areas of Yunlin & Chiayi. Consequently, this study aims to classify rural areas by the procedure of typology, in terms of their development dynamics, location, and economic structure, selecting appropriate indicators for each focus of inquiry. The study then uses cluster analysis, accessibility analysis and overlay analysis methods to classify information about these rural areas. This approach will show the differences in their spatial characteristics along with their histories of development through time, as well as the relationship between these rural areas and the overall region in which they are situated. It is hoped that this research will provide a more accurate description than currently exists of the rural areas studied in this paper, and that this information will be a useful resource to those who are developing new plans and policies, so that better integration can occur between urban and rural in Taiwan.</p>

scholarly journals IDENTIFIKASI DAN KLASIFIKASI USAHA BUDIDAYA JARING APUNG DI KECAMATAN TONDANO SELATAN KABUPATEN MINAHASA

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wiratama M. Sasue ◽  
Eddy Mantjoro ◽  
Olvie V. Kotambunan
Keyword(s):  
Fish Culture ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Business Activity ◽  
Industrial System ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
Culture Identification

Abstract Traditionally, Pond Fish Culture are common found in several area of North Sulawesi. However, floating net fish culture still rare and just developing in 4 recent years. It is therefore, attracting attention to make a study on its way of management. The first step is to perform identification and classification of business, whether remain subsistence or developed to be an industrial ways of management. Fieldwork based on case study have been performed in two villages respectively Paleloan and Urongo of South Tondano District, Minahasa regency. It is identified that the floating net fish culture were managed on commercial artisanal basis rater than of subsistence. The business of fish culture was identified as of household unit of management and classified as of small scale fishery. It is seems however there is a possibility will develop towards industrial system of management. This is because the business activity was motivated by commercial needs rather than of subsistence one. Keywords: Floating net, Fish culture, Identification, Classification Abstrak Secara tradisional, kolam budaya ikan yang umum ditemukan di beberapa daerah Sulawesi Utara. Namun budidaya ikan jaring apung masih jarang dan hanya berkembang dalam beberapa tahun terakhir. Oleh karena itu, menarik perhatian untuk membuat sebuah studi dalam perjalanan manajemen. Langkah pertama adalah untuk melakukan identifikasi dan klasifikasi bisnis, apakah tetap subsisten atau dikembangkan oleh industri manajemen. Kerja lapangan studi kasus telah dilakukan di dua Kelurahan masing-masing Paleloan dan Urongo Kecamatan Tondano Selatan, Kabupaten Minahasa. Hal ini di identifikasi bahwa budidaya ikan jaring apung yang dikelola berdasarkan usaha komersial dari pada subsistensi. Usaha budidaya ikan dalam jaring apung di identifikasi sebagai unit rumah tangga dan di klasifikasikan sebagai perikanan skala kecil. Ada kemungkinan usaha ini bisa dikembangkan ke arah sistem industri manajemen. Hal ini kelihatan karena kegiatan usaha didorong oleh kebutuhan komersial dan bukan dari satu subsistensi. Kata kunci: Jaring apung, budaya Ikan, Identifikasi, Klasifikasi

scholarly journals Social Return and Economic Viability of Social Farming in Catalonia: A Case-Study Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 398-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoni F. Tulla ◽  
Ana Vera ◽  
Natàlia Valldeperas ◽  
Carles Guirado
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Multifunctional Agriculture ◽  
Case Study Analysis ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Innovative Solutions ◽  
Social Farming ◽  
Depth Interviews

Abstract In Europe, Social Farming (SF) and agritourism are multifunctional agriculture activities that arise when agricultural land is abandoned in rural and peri-urban areas; it is difficult to develop commercial agriculture if it is not intensive. In our research, we studied SF in Catalonia, carrying out a census and classification of 161 initiatives and a more in-depth analysis of 10 projects (or 9 in some cases), identifying their viability and the economic, social, and environmental return on investment (SROI) for the resources used in each case. The methodology included questionnaires, in-depth interviews, and Canvas and SROI analyses. Although SF has developed in many European countries, it is incipient in the Iberian Peninsula. The projects in Catalonia combine agrarian activity, socio-health care and social policies, with the aim of offering innovative solutions to the needs of different groups at risk of social exclusion.

Fuzzy Classification of Customer Insolvency in Mobile Telecommunication

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Walid Moudani ◽  
Grace Zaarour ◽  
Félix Mora-Camino
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Formulation ◽  
Classification Problem ◽  
Customer Behavior ◽  
Fuzzy Classification ◽  
Classification Model ◽  
Mobile Telecommunication ◽  
Telecommunication Companies ◽  
Comparison Of The Results

This paper proposes a predictive model to handle customer insolvency in advance for large mobile telecommunication companies for the purpose of minimizing their losses while preserving an overall satisfaction of the customers which may have important consequences on the quality and on the consume return of the operations. A new mathematical formulation taking into consideration a set of business rules and the satisfaction of the customers is proposed. However, the customer insolvency is defined to be a classification problem since our main purpose is to categorize the customer in one of the two classes: potentially insolvent or potentially solvent. Therefore, a model with precise business prediction using the knowledge discovery and Data Mining techniques on an enormous heterogeneous and noisy data is proposed. A fuzzy approach to evaluate and analyze the customer behavior leading to segment them into groups that provide better understanding of customers is developed. These groups with many other significant variables feed into a classification algorithm based on Rough fuzzy Sets technique to classify the customers. A real case study is considered here, followed by analysis and comparison of the results for the reason to select the best classification model that maximizes the accuracy for insolvent customers and minimizes the error rate in the misclassification of solvent customers.

scholarly journals The contribution of small-scale food production in urban areas to the sustainable development goals: a review and case study

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 1585-1599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Nicholls ◽  
Adrian Ely ◽  
Linda Birkin ◽  
Parthiba Basu ◽  
Dave Goulson
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Agricultural System ◽  
United Nations General ◽  
Development Goals

Abstract Food production depends upon the adequate provision of underpinning ecosystem services, such as pollination. Paradoxically, conventional farming practices are undermining these services and resulting in degraded soils, polluted waters, greenhouse gas emissions and massive loss of biodiversity including declines in pollinators. In essence, farming is undermining the ecosystem services it relies upon. Finding alternative more sustainable ways to meet growing food demands which simultaneously support biodiversity is one of the biggest challenges facing humanity. Here, we review the potential of urban and peri-urban agriculture to contribute to sustainable food production, using the 17 sustainable development goals set by the United Nations General Assembly as a framework. We present new data from a case study of urban gardens and allotments in the city of Brighton and Hove, UK. Such urban and peri-urban landholdings tend to be small and labour-intensive, characterised by a high diversity of crops including perennials and annuals. Our data demonstrate that this type of agricultural system can be highly productive and that it has environmental and social advantages over industrial agriculture in that crops are usually produced using few synthetic inputs and are destined for local consumption. Overall, we conclude that food grown on small-scale areas in and near cities is making a significant contribution to feeding the world and that this type of agriculture is likely to be relatively favourable for some ecosystem services, such as supporting healthy soils. However, major knowledge gaps remain, for example with regard to productivity, economic and employment impacts, pesticide use and the implications for biodiversity.

scholarly journals TYPES OF TEACHER QUESTIONS IN EFL CLASSROOM ACTIVITIES

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilham
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Video Recording ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Teacher Questions ◽  
Classroom Activities ◽  
Question Category

This paper will report types of question the teachers usually use in EFL classroom. This study adopted a qualitative approach as it involved the collection and qualitative analysis of data. This study also has a characteristic of case study because it was carried out in “a small scale, a single case” (Stake, 1985:278 as cited in Emilia, 2005:74). This study was conducted in English Deparment students Muhammadiyah university of Mataram. There were two main techniques used to collect data in this study namely observation and video recording. The observation was conducted to identify teachers’ question, while the video recording was utilize to capture many details of lesson that cannot easily be observed. In analyzing the data the researcher made the description, transcription, and classification of the utterances into teacher question category. This study reveals that epistemic questions are more dominant than echoic questions.

scholarly journals Kajian Keputusan Badan Usaha terhadap Kepesertaan Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional di Kabupaten Jember (Corporations Decision on the Involvement in National Health Insurance in Jember)

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Galih Dwi Damaiyanti ◽  
Eri Witcahyo ◽  
Ragil Ismi Hartanti
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Health Insurance ◽  
National Health Insurance ◽  
National Health ◽  
Social Insurance ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Alternative Evaluation

Abstract National Health Insurance (NHI) is a part of the National System of Social Insurance which is estabilished by Social Agencies of Health. One of the problems in NHI is corporations membership. All employers such as State-Owned Enterprise (BUMN), large, medium or small scale corporations are the target member of NHI, at least by January 1st 2015, but this target has yet to be actualized. The number of corporation in Jember, by February 2017, has reached 2451 and only 954 corporations were registered (38,92%). The objectives of this study was to assess corporations decision on NHI membership. The study applied qualitative case study. Informant determination technique uses purposive sampling. The results showed that the components of input was not appropriate. Knowledge, perception on product characteristics and need of informants were low, reference group posed significant influence on the corporations decision making in taking part in NHI. The decision making process has yet optimal in the problem or needs analysis and alternative evaluation, corporations tended to be passive in searching information. The output was membership classification of corporations in NHI has yet to be actualized.  Key Words : National Health Insurance, Corporation

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