scholarly journals Thermal Analysis of Thermal Spray Coated Gray Cast Iron Brake Rotor

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 205-211
Author(s):  
Recep Akyüz ◽  
Ekrem Altuncu ◽  
Ozan Demirdalmiş ◽  
Bilgi Çengelli
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Spray ◽  
Gray Cast Iron ◽  
Frictional Heat ◽  
Thermal Monitoring ◽  
Safe Driving ◽  
Interface Friction ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Brake Performance ◽  
Braking Phase

Braking is a process which transform the kinetic energy of the rotor into heat energy. During the braking phase, the frictional heat generated at the interface rotor–pad can lead to high temperatures (> 600 oC). In long-term frequent use of braking, increased temperature causes disc distortions, heat cracks, and causes degradation of the pad material. This creates a risk in the reduction of rotor-pad interface friction and loss of brake performance under safe driving conditions. In this study, the thermal monitoring of the thermal spray coated rotor was investigated and the variation of the friction coefficient and wear related thickness were measured. In addition, changes in torque forces at increasing temperatures were also evaluated.

scholarly journals Rearing Trissolcus japonicus and Trissolcus mitsukurii for Biological Control of Halyomorpha halys

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 787
Author(s):  
Giuseppino Sabbatini-Peverieri ◽  
Christine Dieckhoff ◽  
Lucrezia Giovannini ◽  
Leonardo Marianelli ◽  
Pio Federico Roversi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Egg Parasitoids ◽  
Halyomorpha Halys ◽  
Progeny Production ◽  
Asian Origin ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Trissolcus Japonicus ◽  
Cumulative Curves

Halyomorpha halys is a severe agricultural pest of Asian origin that has invaded many countries throughout the world. Pesticides are currently the favored control methods, but as a consequence of their frequent use, often disrupt Integrated Pest Management. Biological control with egg parasitoids is seen as the most promising control method over the long-term. Knowledge of the reproductive biology under laboratory conditions of the most effective candidates (Trissolcus japonicus and Trissolcus mitsukurii) for optimizing production for field releases is strongly needed. Rearing of these egg parasitoids was tested by offering three different host supply regimes using new emerged females and aged, host-deprived females in different combinations. Results showed a mean progeny per female ranging from 80 to 85 specimens for T. japonicus and from 63 to 83 for T. mitsukurii. Sex ratios were strongly female biased in all combinations and emergence rates exceeded 94% overall. Cumulative curves showed that longer parasitization periods beyond 10–14 days (under the adopted rearing regimes) will not lead to a significantly increase in progeny production. However, ageing females accumulate eggs in their ovaries that can be quickly laid if a sufficient number of host eggs are supplied, thus optimizing host resources. Our data showed that offering H. halys egg masses to host-deprived female Trissolcus once a week for three weeks allowed its eggs to accumulate in the ovary, providing the greatest number of offspring within a three week span.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Therapy Associated Cardiotoxicity

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. RV18-RV21
Author(s):  
Manisha Jha ◽  
Akram Khan
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Qt Prolongation ◽  
Aortic Aneurysms ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
High Concern

The improper and frequent use of antibiotics has been on a rise. Empirical use for unapproved indications leads to development of resistant pathogens. Many other adverse drug reactions are associated with the use of antibiotics. These may be due to the direct effect of these drugs or due to their interactions with other therapeutic agents. Cardiac toxicities like QT prolongation, aortic aneurysms and dissections are of high concern and may result in long-term health risks. To prevent these adverse reactions, antibiotics should be used as per the manufacturer’s and physician’s instructions. The use of interacting drugs should be avoided wherever possible. Polypharmacy practice should be done after considering all the patient’s health aspects. This review summarizes the cardiac toxicities of commonly prescribed antibiotics and their interactions with other drugs.

scholarly journals Pleural infection—an indicator of morbidity and increased burden on health care

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 513-518
Author(s):  
Antti I Lehtomäki ◽  
Riikka M Nevalainen ◽  
Vesa J Toikkanen ◽  
Emilia S Pohja ◽  
Jaakko J Nieminen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Room ◽  
Survival Data ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
P Value ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Clinic Visits

Abstract OBJECTIVES Patients with pleural infections frequently have several comorbidities and inferior long-term survival. We hypothesized that these patients represent a vulnerable cohort with high rates of hospitalization and frequent use of healthcare services. This study aims to ascertain the need for and causes of treatment episodes after pleural infections during long-term follow-up. METHODS Patients treated for pleural infections at Tampere University Hospital between January 2000 and December 2008 (n = 191, 81% males, median age 58 years) were included and compared to a demographically matched population-based random sample of 1910 controls. Seventy percent of the pleural infections were caused by pneumonias and 80% of the patients underwent surgery. Information regarding later in-hospital periods and emergency room and out-patient clinic visits, as well as survival data, was obtained from national registries and compared between patients and controls. RESULTS Patients treated for pleural infections had significantly higher rates of hospitalizations (8.19 vs 2.19), in-hospital days (88.5 vs 26.6), emergency room admissions (3.18 vs 1.45), out-patient clinic visits (41.1 vs 11.8) and procedures performed (1.26 vs 0.55) per 100 patient-months when compared to controls during 5-year follow-up, in addition to having increased mortality (30% vs 11%), P-value <0.00001 each. Particularly, episodes due to respiratory and digestive diseases, malignancies and mental disorders were more frequent. The patients’ comorbidities, such as alcoholism or chronic pulmonary disease, were associated with more frequent use of healthcare services. CONCLUSIONS Patients treated for pleural infections have high rates of hospitalizations, emergency room admissions and out-patient clinic visits during follow-up.

Long Term Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis

1985 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet Gilmour ◽  
George Wu ◽  
Ramesh Khanna ◽  
Holger Schilling ◽  
Ahmed Mitwalli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Vitamin B12 Deficiency ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
Phosphate Binders ◽  
Bone Mineral Mass ◽  
Frequent Use

After five years on CAPD, 10 patients continued to enjoy a good sense of well being and a reasonable quality of life. More women than men survive on CAPD. After 60 months or more of CAPD, the peritoneal membrane continues to function efficiently, both with regards to dialysis of solutes and ultrafiltration of water. Long-term CAPD patients are at risk of developing vitamin B12 deficiency and should receive regular supplements of this vitamin before clinical manifestations develop. Dally administration of I mg of folic acid gives adequate replacement of such losses during peritoneal dialysis. In spite of vitamin D supplementation and phosphate binders, osteitis fibrosa persisted in these patients and they suffered a gradual loss of bone mineral mass. More frequent use of calcium carbonate as phosphate binder and calcium supplement may minimize this complication. Hypertension is well controlled after initiation of CAPD, but recurs after four to five years of this treatment. We conclude that long term CAPD is feasible and that, with reduction in drop-out rates, more patients will remain on this treatment for long periods.

The effect of frequent use of hypnotics on HRQOL in patients receiving LTOT and/or long-term NIV

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomomasa Tsuboi ◽  
Toru Oga ◽  
Takefumi Saito ◽  
Shohei Takada ◽  
Shuichi Yano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Frequent Use

scholarly journals The Effect of Food Additives (Monosodium Glutamate - MSG) On Human Health - A Critical Review

2020 ◽  
pp. 362-369
Author(s):  
Zahraa Hameed Al-Agili
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Monosodium Glutamate ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
The Body ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Laboratory Rats ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Effect Of Food ◽  
Kidney Liver

According to the famous saying of the medieval physician Paracelsus, "There is no substance without poison. Only the dose determines the extent of the toxic effect." Here, the effect of monosodium glutamate (MSG) on human health and the risks to the health of its frequent use in the short term was addressed and the long term was evaluated according to the studies of several researchers specializing in this regard. Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is known as one of the most popular food additives that classified as a flavor enhancer. Parts of the evidence were reviewed from the literature explaining its effect on immune system cells in addition to metabolic disorders by exposing individuals to obesity and what is known as metabolic syndrome, as well as reviewing a lot of evidence indicating the effect of MSG intake on the health of the kidney, liver and other parts of the body through Practical application to laboratory rats and clinical studies in humans.

scholarly journals Impact of Strain Competition on Bacterial Resistance in Immunocompromised Populations

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley A. DeNegre ◽  
Kellen Myers ◽  
Nina H. Fefferman
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Evolutionary Relationship ◽  
Host Population ◽  
Host Susceptibility ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Fitness Advantage ◽  
Frequent Use

Despite the risk of emerging drug resistance that occurs with the frequent use of antimicrobial agents, targeted and prophylactic antibiotics have been considered crucial to opportunistic infection management among the HIV/AIDS-immunocompromised. As we recently demonstrated, the disrupted selective pressures that occur in AIDS-prevalent host populations increase the probability of novel emergence. This effect is concerning, given that bacterial strains unresponsive to first-line antibiotics can be particularly dangerous to hosts whose immune response is insufficient to fight infection in the absence of antibiotic support. While greater host susceptibility within a highly immunocompromised population may offer a fitness advantage to drug-resistant bacterial strains, this advantage could be mitigated by increased morbidity and mortality among the AIDS-immunocompromised. Using a Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Recovered (SEIR) epidemiological model parameterized to reflect conditions in an AIDS-prevalent host population, we examine the evolutionary relationship between drug-sensitive and -resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We explore this relationship when the fitness of the resistant strain is varied relative to that of the sensitive strain to investigate the likely long-term multi-strain dynamics of the AIDS-mediated increased emergence of drug resistance.

scholarly journals Modeling thermal effects in braking systems of railway vehicles

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (suppl. 2) ◽  
pp. 515-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milos Milosevic ◽  
Dusan Stamenkovic ◽  
Andrija Milojevic ◽  
Misa Tomic
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Thermal Effects ◽  
Road Vehicles ◽  
Railway Wheel ◽  
Railway Vehicles ◽  
Braking System ◽  
Research Task ◽  
Braking Phase ◽  
Railway Wheels

The modeling of thermal effects has become increasingly important in product design in different transport means, road vehicles, airplanes, railway vehicles, and so forth. The thermal analysis is a very important stage in the study of braking systems, especially of railway vehicles, where it is necessary to brake huge masses, because the thermal load of a braked railway wheel prevails compared to other types of loads. In the braking phase, kinetic energy transforms into thermal energy resulting in intense heating and high temperature states of railway wheels. Thus induced thermal loads determine thermomechanical behavior of the structure of railway wheels. In cases of thermal overloads, which mainly occur as a result of long-term braking on down-grade railroads, the generation of stresses and deformations occurs, whose consequences are the appearance of cracks on the rim of a wheel and the final total wheel defect. The importance to precisely determine the temperature distribution caused by the transfer process of the heat generated during braking due to the friction on contact surfaces of the braking system makes it a challenging research task. Therefore, the thermal analysis of a block-braked solid railway wheel of a 444 class locomotive of the national railway operator Serbian Railways is processed in detail in this paper, using analytical and numerical modeling of thermal effects during long-term braking for maintaining a constant speed on a down-grade railroad.

scholarly journals Should we use a patient’s port as the preferred intravenous route rather than inserting an additional venous access?

2021 ◽  
pp. 112972982110150
Author(s):  
Roberto Biffi ◽  
Antonio La Greca
Keyword(s):  
Central Venous Access ◽  
Venous Access ◽  
Infusion Therapy ◽  
Intravenous Route ◽  
Standards Of Practice ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Practice Recommendation ◽  
Therapy Standards ◽  
Important Evidence

Early in 2021, the Infusion Nursing Society has released the latest version of the Infusion Therapy Standards of Practice. In the last two decades, these Standards have been representing one of the most important evidence-based documents available in the world of venous access. Nevertheless, we were quite concerned reading a recommendation included in chapter 26 (Vascular Access Device Planning: practice recommendation I, C): “Use a patient’s port, unless contraindicated (e.g. existing complication) as the preferred IV route in preference to insertion of an additional VAD.” Such recommendation is offered not on the basis of evidence, but as experts’ opinion (“Committee Consensus”). This Editorial deals with the opinion of GAVeCeLT (The Italian Study Group for Long Term Central Venous Access) that strongly discourage the use of ports for intravenous treatment different from chemotherapy (or from the therapy that specifically required that long term, infrequent access). The rationale for this choice is based on the consideration that the patient’s port—if used in a non-specialty ward—would be at high risk of complications, some of them potentially leading to the loss of the device, and that such complications might be particularly difficult to manage in this setting. The continuous or frequent use of a port transforms it into an external device, thus cancelling the main advantage of a totally subcutaneous location, while adding a significant disadvantage (need for repeated percutaneous punctures and risk of extravasation/infiltration due to improper insertion or dislocation of the non-coring needle). One exception is the possible use of port for radio-diagnostic purposes (as long as the port is power injectable). This strategy may be associated with advantages for the patient, and imaging quality improvement, but requires the adoption of specific protocols for prevention of infective and mechanical complications.

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