scholarly journals Mapping and Monitoring of Cell Signal Strength Using an Android-Based CDMA Mobile

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-72
Author(s):  
Roselina Febriati
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Station ◽  
Signal Strength ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Cell Identity ◽  
Cell Signal ◽  
Monitoring Process ◽  
Monitoring Result ◽  
Sd Card

In this study, an application was made that functions to map and monitor the signal strength of CDMA network cells using Android-based CDMA cellphones. This application functions to determine the signal quality of a CDMA network when the mapping and monitoring process is carried out. Cell signal strength information in Mappingke in a map based on google map. Meanwhile, information from monitoring results can be saved on the SD Card of the handphone with the .csv file format. the results of testing the information that can be map to the google map are the position of the BTS, the position of the MS, the value of RSSI and Ec / Io. Meanwhile, the monitoring result information that can be stored in a mobile SDCard is time, network type, CDMA cell identity which includes SID, NID, BID, base station latitude and longitude base station, MS position, cell signal strength which includes RSSI, Ec / Iodan SNR, along with the distance between MS and BTS.The CDMA cell identity information displayed by the application on the Samsung Galaxy Young mobile phone in the Malang area is correct and in accordance with the operator's data. The mapping information of RSSI and Ec / Io values ??into the google map is correct according to the value of the RSSI and Ec / Io base stations captured by the mobile station.

scholarly journals Reducing the Frequent Switch Over between the Base Stations through Continuous Analysis of Signal Strength

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-103
Author(s):  
M. R. Regitha ◽  
Varghese Paul
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Service ◽  
Cellular Networks ◽  
Mobile Networks ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Mobile Station ◽  
Movement Pattern ◽  
Signal Strength ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Continuous Analysis

As the increase in the number of mobiles and mobile networks, the existing standards and technologies face several issues and challenges. In the mobility management of cellular networks, HO is the important parameter on which these issues and challenges affect drastically. Several research papers have proposed many ideas and schemes to reduce HO latency. As the increase in the number new technologies and networks, the existing ideas are no longer supported efficiently. So a continuous analysis on handover (HO) procedure is required. Signal strength (SS) and quality of service (QoS) are measured at particular time intervals in cellular networks. Results show that the highest value of signal strength has the best quality of service. In this paper, a continuous analysis on signal strength received by the mobile station (MS) is used to monitor the HO process to reduce the HO delay. In this analysis, the parameters user movement pattern, topological position, signal strength and time are used which will be helpful to forecast the HO in advance. Using HO forecast minimum number of frequent switch over between the base stations (BSs) reduces the HO latency in mobile networks.

scholarly journals Investigation of a New Handover Approach in LTE and WiMAX

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Nour Hindia ◽  
Ahmed Wasif Reza ◽  
Kamarul Ariffin Noordin
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Station ◽  
Signal Strength ◽  
Received Signal Strength ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Multiple Criteria ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Technology Selection ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Vertical Handovers ◽  
Minimum Number

Nowadays, one of the most important challenges in heterogeneous networks is the connection consistency between the mobile station and the base stations. Furthermore, along the roaming process between the mobile station and the base station, the system performance degrades significantly due to the interferences from neighboring base stations, handovers to inaccurate base station and inappropriate technology selection. In this paper, several algorithms are proposed to improve mobile station performance and seamless mobility across the long-term evolution (LTE) and Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) technologies, along with a minimum number of redundant handovers. Firstly, the enhanced global positioning system (GPS) and the novel received signal strength (RSS) prediction approaches are suggested to predict the target base station accurately. Then, the multiple criteria with two thresholds algorithm is proposed to prioritize the selection between LTE and WiMAX as the target technology. In addition, this study also covers the intercell and cochannel interference reduction by adjusting the frequency reuse ratio 3 (FRR3) to work with LTE and WiMAX. The obtained results demonstrate high next base station prediction efficiency and high accuracy for both horizontal and vertical handovers. Moreover, the received signal strength is kept at levels higher than the threshold, while maintaining low connection cost and delay within acceptable levels. In order to highlight the combination of the proposed algorithms’ performance, it is compared with the existing RSS and multiple criteria handover decision algorithms.

scholarly journals Mobile 4G LTE Networks Mobility and Coverage for Some Locations in Ibadan Using Path Loss Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-22
Author(s):  
O.E. Ogunsola ◽  
◽  
O. Adeleke ◽  
O.I. Olaluwoye
Keyword(s):  
Service Provider ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Mobile Station ◽  
Path Loss ◽  
Signal Strength ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Suburban Areas ◽  
Reference Distance

The recent migration of most GSM service providers’ networks in Ibadan from 3G to 4G, in preparation for the deployment of 5G technology in the nation necessitated the need to re-examine the GSM networks’ mobility and coverage within the micro cells in-between a Base Station and a Mobile Station. This attempt is aimed at using existing Path Loss Propagation Models in proffering solutions to the negative consequences usually associated with call drops in the Urban and Suburban Areas of Ibadan due to inability of channels to handover as a result of path loss. The path loss (dB) analysis was carried out by measuring the Received Signal Strength RSS (dBm) at distances ranging from 0.05 km to 4 km in-between Base Stations and Mobile Stations using the factory fitted installed RSS software on Android phones. These measurements were taken for three weeks within the urban and suburban areas of the University of Ibadan campus, and its neighborhood community of Agbowo for ten selected existing Base Stations from four of the nationwide GSM Service Providers (SP1, SP2, SP3 and SP4) in Nigeria. The variation of path loss with the RSS for GSM Service Provider (SP1) propagating at 955MHz (reference distance of 0.05km), 1850MHz and 2120MHz, were 66.03 dB, 71.77 dB and 72.96 dB, respectively. However, at 4 km the path loss had risen to 101.59dB for 955MHz, 103.81dB for 1850MHz and 105dB for 2120MHz. Also, the path loss for the GSM service provider (SP2) propagating at 960MHz (reference distance of 0.05km), 1865MHz and 2150MHz were 66.07 dB, 71.84 dB and 73.08 dB, respectively. Moreover, in a similar manner to the SP1 service provider, at 4 km the path loss had risen to 104.14dB for 960MHz, 109.9dB for 1865MHz and 111.14dB for 2150MHz. Furthermore, the path loss for the GSM service provider (SP3) propagating at 950MHz (reference distance of 0.05km), 1835MHz and 2130MHz were 65.98 dB, 71.70 dB and 73.00 dB, respectively. Likewise, as was in the case of the SP1 and SP2 Service providers, the path loss at 4 km had risen to 104.05dB for 950MHz, 109.76dB for 1835MHz and 111.06dB for 2130MHz. Also, the path loss for the GSM service provider (SP4) propagating at 940MHz (reference distance of 0.05km), 1880MHz and 2140MHz, were 65.47 dB, 71.46 dB and 72.23 dB, respectively. Moreover, the path loss at 4 km had risen to 103.53dB for 940MHz, 109.52dB for 1880MHz and 110.29dB for 2140 MHz as was the case with the other GSM Service providers (SP!, SP2 and SP3) considered .Thus, the path loss increases with distance within the microcells of base stations. However, the path loss model with minimum path loss (dB) at a given distance enhances good coverage and handover postponement. Moreover, the mean square error values used in obtaining the accuracy between the measured and the Empirical models were 17.15dB, 59.69dB, 48.46dB, 60.52dB and 40.07dB for the C-model, Cost-OH, Sub-O, Lee-model and experimental model, respectively. . Key words: GSM networks, Base station, Mobile station, Signal strength, GSM service provider

scholarly journals Performance of Base Stations in Railway Digital Radio Communication Networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
Yu. V. Nemtsov ◽  
I. V. Seryogin ◽  
P. I. Volnov
Keyword(s):  
Communication Network ◽  
Communication Networks ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Radio Communication ◽  
Radio Communications ◽  
Digital Radio ◽  
Cargo Transportation ◽  
Assess Quality

Base station (BS) is a terminal device of a radio communication network, while railway radio communications play an important role in ensuring safety of passenger and cargo transportation.A proposed method for calculating the performance of base stations in railway digital radio communication networks is intended to calculate for the BS the probabilities of being in certain state.BS was decomposed and such functional elements as circuit groups and a radio frequency path were identified, as well as the central module ensuring the exchange of information with elements of this BS and with other BSs. A detailed study of each element has increased accuracy of the proposed method. Following the Markov model, BS is presented as a system in which all possible states are considered. Models for BS with two and three circuit groups have been constructed. The parameters of each functional element of the model can be obtained through observation over a certain period. The solution of the system of equations for each of the models presented in the article will allow obtaining the values of the system being in a certain state. The obtained characteristics can be used to calculate the reliability of the entire radio communication network, and then to assess quality of service provided to the users of this network.Conclusions are made about the possibilities of using the obtained models when designing new railway communication networks and when calculating quality indices of existing ones. The proposed models can be applied not only to railway radio communication networks but also to mobile communication networks of commercial operators. 

A Game Theoretic Framework for Green HetNets Using D2D Traffic Offload and Renewable Energy Powered Base Stations

2017 ◽  
pp. 679-711
Author(s):  
Elias Yaacoub ◽  
Hakim Ghazzai ◽  
Mohamed-Slim Alouini
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Nash Bargaining Solution ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Nash Bargaining ◽  
Bargaining Solution ◽  
Green Communications ◽  
Game Theoretic

This chapter investigates the interplay between cooperative device-to-device (D2D) communications and green communications in LTE heterogeneous networks (HetNets). Two game theoretic concepts are studied and analyzed in order to perform dynamic HetNet base station (BS) on/off switching. The first approach is a coalition-based method whereas the second is based on the Nash bargaining solution. Afterwards, a method for coupling the BS on/off switching approach with D2D collaborative communications is presented and shown to lead to increased energy efficiency. The savings are additionally increased when a portion of the small cell BSs in a HetNet are powered by renewable energy sources. Different utility functions, modeling the game theoretic framework governing the energy consumption balance between the cellular network and the mobile terminals (MTs), are proposed and compared, and their impact on MT quality of service (QoS) is analyzed.

scholarly journals Single base station hybrid TOA/AOD/AOA localization algorithms with the synchronization error in dense multipath environment

2022 ◽  
Vol 2022 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shixun Wu ◽  
Min Li ◽  
Miao Zhang ◽  
Kai Xu ◽  
Juan Cao
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Station ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Location Based Services ◽  
Synchronization Error ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Identification Algorithm ◽  
Main Challenge ◽  
Localization Algorithms ◽  
Multipath Environment

AbstractMobile station (MS) localization in a cellular network is appealing to both industrial community and academia, due to the wide applications of location-based services. The main challenge is the unknown one-bound (OB) and multiple-bound (MB) scattering environment in dense multipath environment. Moreover, multiple base stations (BSs) are required to be involved in the localization process, and the precise time synchronization between MS and BSs is assumed. In order to address these problems, hybrid time of arrival (TOA), angle of departure (AOD), and angle of arrival (AOA) measurement model from the serving BS with the synchronization error is investigated in this paper. In OB scattering environment, four linear least square (LLS), one quadratic programming and data fusion-based localization algorithms are proposed to eliminate the effect of the synchronization error. In addition, the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) of our localization model on the root mean-square error (RMSE) is derived. In hybrid OB and MB scattering environment, a novel double identification algorithm (DIA) is proposed to identify the MB path. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithms are capable to deal with the synchronization error, and LLS-based localization algorithms show better localization accuracy. Furthermore, the DIA can correctly identify the MB path, and the RMSE comparison of different algorithms further prove the effectiveness of the DIA.

Application of electronic total stations for survey of metal towers designs of cellular communications

2017 ◽  
Vol 922 (4) ◽  
pp. 2-6
Author(s):  
A.V. Vinogradov ◽  
O.N. Pushchak
Keyword(s):  
Base Station ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Cellular Communications ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Control Error ◽  
Cellular Metal ◽  
Improve Accuracy ◽  
Independent Observations

The availability and stability of cellular communication can be achieved with areas coverage by base stations. Base station cellular (metal tower) is a complex and massive engineering structure which is usually installed on different buildings. Weight of tower with equipment exceeds 1000 kg. For security purposes of objects with installed cellular base stations you need constantly determine the operating characteristics of towers. One of the important characteristics is the deviation of the tower from the vertical. In the regulations for the operation of towers various ways of determining the deviation of the tower from the vertical are discussed. In the instructions it is proposed to determine the deviation of the tower based on observations with three or four starting points, between which there must be mutual visibility. After all dimensions processing we will receive a deviation of the tower from the vertical. The paper proposes a more simple method of determining deviations of the tower from the vertical with the use of electronic total station. The software of the instrument will improve the quality of the work. Measurements are performed from one point in topocentric coordinates system. Independent observations from a different point improve accuracy and serve as a control. Error of the results does not exceed 5–7 mm.

scholarly journals Improving Energy Efficiency of Cooperative Femtocell Networks via Base Station Switching Off

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Woongsup Lee ◽  
Bang Chul Jung
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Mobile Station ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Cooperative Transmission ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Femtocell Networks ◽  
Coordinated Multipoint ◽  
Performance Metric ◽  
Bs Switching ◽  
Optimal Set

Recently, energy efficiency (EE) of cellular networks has become an important performance metric, and several techniques have been proposed to increase the EE. Among them, turning off base stations (BSs) when not needed is considered as one of the most powerful techniques due to its simple operation and effectiveness. Herein, we propose a novel BS switching-off technique for cooperative femtocell networks where multiple femtocell BSs (FBSs) simultaneously send packets to the same mobile station (MS). Unlike conventional schemes, cooperative operation of FBSs, also known as coordinated multipoint (CoMP) transmission, is considered to determine which BSs are turned off in the proposed technique. We first formulate the optimization problem to find the optimal set of FBSs to be turned off. Then, we propose a suboptimal scheme operating in a distributed manner in order to reduce the computational complexity of the optimal scheme. The suboptimal scheme is based on throughput ratio (TR) which specifies the importance of a particular FBS for the cooperative transmission. Through simulations, we show that the energy consumption can be greatly reduced with the proposed technique, compared with conventional schemes. Moreover, we show that the suboptimal scheme also achieves the near-optimal performance even without the excessive computations.

scholarly journals Passive Method for Estimating Available Throughput for Autonomous Off-Peak Data Transfer

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kozo Satoda ◽  
Eiji Takahashi ◽  
Takeo Onishi ◽  
Takayuki Suzuki ◽  
Daisuke Ohta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Networks ◽  
Data Transfer ◽  
Peak Load ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Recent Analysis ◽  
Data Traffic ◽  
End User ◽  
Lte Networks

Large demands for mobile traffic subject base stations to frequent short-term and sharp peak loads. Recent analysis of data traffic on commercial mobile networks reported that the traffic peaks can be reduced by an average of 40% without compromising the quality of experience provided to the end user, if a peak load can be shifted for at most 20 s. To reduce peak traffic, we previously proposed a method for off-peak data transfer, with which user equipment (UE) autonomously delays receiving data, and a peak load on a base station can be shifted. In terms of off-peak transfer of data, a significant problem is determining how each UE estimates available throughput. In this paper we propose a method of passively estimating available throughput of each UE. We evaluated the effectiveness of the proposed method through experiments on experimental and commercial LTE networks. The results indicate that our method obtains more than a 0.7 correlation between actual available throughput and estimated throughput.

Evaluation of Statistics for Macrodiversity Systems Under the Influence of Specific Single Shadowing and Complex Fading

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (09) ◽  
pp. 2050153
Author(s):  
Miljana Milic ◽  
Dragana Krstic ◽  
Mihajlo Stefanovic ◽  
Petar Nikolic
Keyword(s):  
Density Function ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Closed Form Expression ◽  
Signal Quality ◽  
Form Expression ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Text Density

Wireless signals often propagate in spaces containing large and small obstacles that affect the quality of such radiation. Obstacles cause a nonnegligible loss of the propagated power. The degradation of the signal quality is described by introducing fading and shadowing effects. A case of a wireless communication system that consists of a macro-level component represented by the selection combiner (SC) and two micro-level components consisting of the maximal ratio combiners (MRC) with [Formula: see text] branches is studied in this paper. The MRC component assumes the presence of a single-base station. The received signal is disturbed by simultaneous impact of the multipath Nakagami-[Formula: see text] fading and gamma shadowing. Consequently, the envelope is described by generalized-[Formula: see text] density function. On the other hand, SC component assumes the presence of two base stations, where the average power of the received signal is described using gamma distribution. The exact closed-form expression is obtained for probability density function of the signal at the output of the system, followed by the corresponding outage probability (Pout). Calculations are depicted graphically expressing influences of different fading values as well as the signal parameters.

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