scholarly journals Performance of Base Stations in Railway Digital Radio Communication Networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
Yu. V. Nemtsov ◽  
I. V. Seryogin ◽  
P. I. Volnov
Keyword(s):  
Communication Network ◽  
Communication Networks ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Radio Communication ◽  
Radio Communications ◽  
Digital Radio ◽  
Cargo Transportation ◽  
Assess Quality

Base station (BS) is a terminal device of a radio communication network, while railway radio communications play an important role in ensuring safety of passenger and cargo transportation.A proposed method for calculating the performance of base stations in railway digital radio communication networks is intended to calculate for the BS the probabilities of being in certain state.BS was decomposed and such functional elements as circuit groups and a radio frequency path were identified, as well as the central module ensuring the exchange of information with elements of this BS and with other BSs. A detailed study of each element has increased accuracy of the proposed method. Following the Markov model, BS is presented as a system in which all possible states are considered. Models for BS with two and three circuit groups have been constructed. The parameters of each functional element of the model can be obtained through observation over a certain period. The solution of the system of equations for each of the models presented in the article will allow obtaining the values of the system being in a certain state. The obtained characteristics can be used to calculate the reliability of the entire radio communication network, and then to assess quality of service provided to the users of this network.Conclusions are made about the possibilities of using the obtained models when designing new railway communication networks and when calculating quality indices of existing ones. The proposed models can be applied not only to railway radio communication networks but also to mobile communication networks of commercial operators. 

scholarly journals Centrally Reserved Access Model to the Medium in Digital Radio Communication Networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 1332-1356
Author(s):  
Maksim Peregudov ◽  
Anatoliy Steshkovoy
Keyword(s):  
Ieee 802.11 ◽  
Communication Networks ◽  
Data Transmission ◽  
Multiple Access ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Transmission Channel ◽  
Radio Communication ◽  
Digital Radio ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Sequential Relationship

Currently, centrally reserved access to the medium in the digital radio communication networks of the IEEE 802.11 family standards is an alternative to random multiple access to the environment such as CSMA/CA and is mainly used in the transmission voice and video messages in real time. Centrally reserved access to the environment determines the scope of interest in it from attackers. However, the assessment of effectiveness of centrally reserved access to the environment under the conditions of potentially possible destructive impacts was not carried out and therefore it is impossible to assess the contribution of such impacts to the decrease in the effectiveness of such access. Also, the stage establishing of centrally reserved access to the environment was not previously taken into account. Analytical model development of centrally reserved access to the environment under the conditions of destructive influences in digital radio communication networks of the IEEE 802.11 family standards. A mathematical model of centrally reserved access to the environment has been developed, taking into account not only the stage of its functioning, but also the stage of formation under the conditions of destructive influences by the attacker. Moreover, in the model the stage of establishing centrally reserved access to the medium displays a sequential relationship of such access, synchronization elements in digital radio communication networks and random multiple access to the medium of the CSMA/CA type. It was established that collisions in the data transmission channel caused by destructive influences can eliminate centrally reserved access to the medium even at the stage of its establishment. The model is applicable in the design of digital radio communication networks of the IEEE 802.11 family of standards, the optimization of such networks of the operation, and the detection of potential destructive effects by an attacker.

A Game Theoretic Framework for Green HetNets Using D2D Traffic Offload and Renewable Energy Powered Base Stations

2017 ◽  
pp. 679-711
Author(s):  
Elias Yaacoub ◽  
Hakim Ghazzai ◽  
Mohamed-Slim Alouini
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Nash Bargaining Solution ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Nash Bargaining ◽  
Bargaining Solution ◽  
Green Communications ◽  
Game Theoretic

This chapter investigates the interplay between cooperative device-to-device (D2D) communications and green communications in LTE heterogeneous networks (HetNets). Two game theoretic concepts are studied and analyzed in order to perform dynamic HetNet base station (BS) on/off switching. The first approach is a coalition-based method whereas the second is based on the Nash bargaining solution. Afterwards, a method for coupling the BS on/off switching approach with D2D collaborative communications is presented and shown to lead to increased energy efficiency. The savings are additionally increased when a portion of the small cell BSs in a HetNet are powered by renewable energy sources. Different utility functions, modeling the game theoretic framework governing the energy consumption balance between the cellular network and the mobile terminals (MTs), are proposed and compared, and their impact on MT quality of service (QoS) is analyzed.

scholarly journals Optimal Low-Power Design of a Multicell Multiuser Massive MIMO System at 3.7 GHz for 5G Wireless Networks

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Matalatala ◽  
Margot Deruyck ◽  
Emmeric Tanghe ◽  
Luc Martens ◽  
Wout Joseph
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Communication Networks ◽  
Massive Mimo ◽  
Mimo System ◽  
Low Power Design ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Reference Network ◽  
Power Requirement ◽  
Time Frequency

Massive MIMO techniques are expected to deliver significant performance gains for the future wireless communication networks by improving the spectral and the energy efficiencies. In this paper, we propose a method to optimize the positions, the coverage, and the energy consumption of the massive MIMO base stations within a suburban area in Ghent, Belgium, while meeting the low power requirements. The results reveal that massive MIMO provides better performances for the crowded scenario where users’ mobility is limited. With 256 antennas, a massive MIMO base station can simultaneously multiplex 18 users at the same time-frequency resource while consuming 8 times less power and providing 200 times more capacity than a 4G reference network for the same coverage. Moreover, a pilot reuse pattern of 3 is recommended in a multiuser multicell environment to obtain a good tradeoff between the high spectral efficiency and the low power requirement.

Application of electronic total stations for survey of metal towers designs of cellular communications

2017 ◽  
Vol 922 (4) ◽  
pp. 2-6
Author(s):  
A.V. Vinogradov ◽  
O.N. Pushchak
Keyword(s):  
Base Station ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Cellular Communications ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Control Error ◽  
Cellular Metal ◽  
Improve Accuracy ◽  
Independent Observations

The availability and stability of cellular communication can be achieved with areas coverage by base stations. Base station cellular (metal tower) is a complex and massive engineering structure which is usually installed on different buildings. Weight of tower with equipment exceeds 1000 kg. For security purposes of objects with installed cellular base stations you need constantly determine the operating characteristics of towers. One of the important characteristics is the deviation of the tower from the vertical. In the regulations for the operation of towers various ways of determining the deviation of the tower from the vertical are discussed. In the instructions it is proposed to determine the deviation of the tower based on observations with three or four starting points, between which there must be mutual visibility. After all dimensions processing we will receive a deviation of the tower from the vertical. The paper proposes a more simple method of determining deviations of the tower from the vertical with the use of electronic total station. The software of the instrument will improve the quality of the work. Measurements are performed from one point in topocentric coordinates system. Independent observations from a different point improve accuracy and serve as a control. Error of the results does not exceed 5–7 mm.

STUDYING RADIO COMMUNICATION ORGANIZATION MODELS AT ELIMINATING MAN-MADE DISASTERS BY UNITS OF THE STATE FIRE SERVICE

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 30-39
Author(s):  
Basov V. ◽  
◽  
Kholostov A. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Communication Network ◽  
Fire Service ◽  
The State ◽  
Radio Communication ◽  
Radio Communications ◽  
Fire Extinguishment ◽  
Fire Extinguishing ◽  
Allowable Range ◽  
Time Parameters ◽  
Network States

Purpose. The organization of communication in fire service units at eliminating consequences of man-made disasters or fire extinguishing at the site has its own features, which are determined by the officials’ interaction procedure. The article considers the features of private cases models of radio communication organization in the units of the State Fire Service at the site of fire extinguishment or elimination of man-made disasters. Probabilistic characteristics of these models have been investigated. Methods. The authors analyzed the existing officials’ interaction models using radio communication directly at the site and in the process of eliminating man-made disasters. Findings. Graphical dependencies of probabilities of communication network states on time parameters of radio exchange are presented. It is determined that at organizing and controlling communication at the site of fire extinguishment or elimination of man-made disasters, knowing the required characteristics of the communication network (including the probability of being in critical and free states), it is possible to determine the allowable range for the values λ (frequency of the need for communication) and µ (rate of communication channel release). Research application field. The obtained results can be used in organizing and managing radio communications for ensuring safety at fire extinguishment and elimination of man-made disasters. Conclusions. It is shown that the interaction process of fire extinguishment and elimination of man-made disasters subjects depends on the use of radio communication facilities. Under certain conditions, critical modes may occur in radio network, which will interfere with means and forces management, as well as affect the safety of the participants of this process. In this case, the task of radio communication control will be to estimate the possibility of occurrence and exclusion of critical modes, which can be done on the basis of the obtained dependencies of communication network states probabilities on time parameters of radio exchange.

scholarly journals Passive Method for Estimating Available Throughput for Autonomous Off-Peak Data Transfer

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kozo Satoda ◽  
Eiji Takahashi ◽  
Takeo Onishi ◽  
Takayuki Suzuki ◽  
Daisuke Ohta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Networks ◽  
Data Transfer ◽  
Peak Load ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Recent Analysis ◽  
Data Traffic ◽  
End User ◽  
Lte Networks

Large demands for mobile traffic subject base stations to frequent short-term and sharp peak loads. Recent analysis of data traffic on commercial mobile networks reported that the traffic peaks can be reduced by an average of 40% without compromising the quality of experience provided to the end user, if a peak load can be shifted for at most 20 s. To reduce peak traffic, we previously proposed a method for off-peak data transfer, with which user equipment (UE) autonomously delays receiving data, and a peak load on a base station can be shifted. In terms of off-peak transfer of data, a significant problem is determining how each UE estimates available throughput. In this paper we propose a method of passively estimating available throughput of each UE. We evaluated the effectiveness of the proposed method through experiments on experimental and commercial LTE networks. The results indicate that our method obtains more than a 0.7 correlation between actual available throughput and estimated throughput.

Evaluation of Statistics for Macrodiversity Systems Under the Influence of Specific Single Shadowing and Complex Fading

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (09) ◽  
pp. 2050153
Author(s):  
Miljana Milic ◽  
Dragana Krstic ◽  
Mihajlo Stefanovic ◽  
Petar Nikolic
Keyword(s):  
Density Function ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Closed Form Expression ◽  
Signal Quality ◽  
Form Expression ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Text Density

Wireless signals often propagate in spaces containing large and small obstacles that affect the quality of such radiation. Obstacles cause a nonnegligible loss of the propagated power. The degradation of the signal quality is described by introducing fading and shadowing effects. A case of a wireless communication system that consists of a macro-level component represented by the selection combiner (SC) and two micro-level components consisting of the maximal ratio combiners (MRC) with [Formula: see text] branches is studied in this paper. The MRC component assumes the presence of a single-base station. The received signal is disturbed by simultaneous impact of the multipath Nakagami-[Formula: see text] fading and gamma shadowing. Consequently, the envelope is described by generalized-[Formula: see text] density function. On the other hand, SC component assumes the presence of two base stations, where the average power of the received signal is described using gamma distribution. The exact closed-form expression is obtained for probability density function of the signal at the output of the system, followed by the corresponding outage probability (Pout). Calculations are depicted graphically expressing influences of different fading values as well as the signal parameters.

Cell Planning for Base Station in Mobile Communication Using an Improved Genetic Algorithm

2013 ◽  
Vol 284-287 ◽  
pp. 2699-2703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hung Jen Liao ◽  
Chun Hung Richard Lin ◽  
Kuang Yuan Tung ◽  
Ying Chih Lin ◽  
Cheng Fa Tsai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Communication Networks ◽  
Mobile Communication ◽  
Mobile Networks ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Planning Problem ◽  
Improved Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Cell Planning ◽  
Planning Methods ◽  
The Cost

Cell planning problem is one of the most important issues in mobile communication networks. To tackle the problem, one should address the location management issue because it significantly affects the cost of cell planning in mobile networks. The partition of location areas is developed to minimize the total costs of considering user location and search operation simultaneously in cellular networks, which has been shown to be NP-complete and is commonly solved by metaheuristics in previous works. In this paper, we propose novel cell planning methods for base stations using genetic algorithms with initialization, local search, and particular mechanisms of area and cell crossovers. Several simulations are conducted on various cell networks with previous, random and real configurations. The simulation results reveal that our schemes are superior to the considered algorithms.

scholarly journals Intercell Interference Coordination through Limited Feedback

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingjia Liu ◽  
Jianzhong (Charlie) Zhang ◽  
Jae-Chon Yu ◽  
Juho Lee
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Communication ◽  
Communication Networks ◽  
Limited Feedback ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
System Level ◽  
Wireless Communication Networks ◽  
Interference Coordination ◽  
Average Cell ◽  
Intercell Interference

We consider the applications of multicell transmission schemes to the downlink of future wireless communication networks. A multicell multiple-input multiple output-(MIMOs) based scheme with limited coordination among neighboring base stations (BSs) is proposed to effectively combat the intercell interference by taking advantage of the degreesoffreedom in the spatial domain. In this scheme, mobile users are required to feedback channel-related information to both serving base station and interfering base station. Furthermore, a chordal distance-based compression scheme is introduced to reduce the feedback overhead. The performance of the proposed scheme is investigated through theoretical analysis as well as system level simulations. Both results suggest that the so-called “intercell interference coordination through limited feedback” scheme is a very good candidate for improving the cell-edge user throughput as well as the average cell throughput of the future wireless communication networks.

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