scholarly journals Diversity of plant parasitic nematodes associated with rhizosphere of maize from different areas of district Rajouri, Jammu and Kashmir, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaisar Ahmad Allie ◽  
Ali Asghar Shah ◽  
Shaheen Majeed Wani ◽  
Kaisar Ahmad Bhat ◽  
Nazia Kouser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parasitic Nematode ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
The Other ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Absolute Frequency ◽  
Jammu And Kashmir ◽  
Maize Plants ◽  
Pratylenchus Zeae ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Diversity of plant parasitic nematodes in the rhizosphere of maize (Zea mays) from some areas of District Rajouri, Jammu and Kashmir was studied. A total of ten plant parasitic nematode species were found to be associated with the rhizosphere of maize plants in these areas. The nematode species were Pratylenchus zeae, P. brachyurus, Helicotylenchus dihystera, Longidorus brevicaudatus, L. elongatus, Xiphinema diversicadatum, X. elongatum, Tylenchorhynchus spp. Ditylenchus spp. and Criconemoides spp. The most dominant and frequently occurring species was found to be P. zeae, with absolute frequency of 86.66% followed by P. brachyurus (80%), H. dihystera, (76.66%) and L. brevicaudatus (73.33). Contrarily, the least frequent was Criconemoides spp. (36.66%) followed by Tylenchorhynchus spp. and Ditylenchus spp. with absolute frequencies of 53.33% and 60%. Similar trend was observed in case of relative frequencies. In case of P. zeae, mean density of 56 and relative density of 16.05% was observed followed by P. brachyurus and H. dihystera with mean densities and relative densities of 50.33, 14.43% and 49, 14.04% respectively. On the other hand, Criconemoides spp. and Tylenchorhynchus spp. showed mean densities of 6.33 and 23.33 and absolute densities of 1.81% and 6.68% respectively. P. zeae exhibited high prominence value of 57.85 followed by P. brachyurus (49.96). The least prominence value was found in Criconemoides spp. (4.05) followed by Tylenchorhynchus spp. with prominence value of 18.30.

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization and Phylogenetic Relationships of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes Associated with Turfgrasses in North Carolina and South Carolina, United States

Plant Disease ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 99 (7) ◽  
pp. 982-993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongsan Zeng ◽  
Weimin Ye ◽  
James Kerns ◽  
Lane Tredway ◽  
Samuel Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
South Carolina ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Parasitic Nematode ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematode ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic

The near-full-length 18S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) gene and internal transcribed spacer 1 region were amplified and sequenced from 52 nematode populations belonging to 28 representative species in 13 families recovered from turfgrasses in North Carolina (38 populations) and South Carolina (14 populations). This study also included 13 nematode populations from eight other plant hosts from North Carolina for comparison. Nematodes were molecularly characterized and the phylogenetic relationships were explored based on 18S rDNA sequences. Phylogenetic analysis using Bayesian inference was performed using five groups of the plant-parasitic nematode populations Tylenchids, Criconematids, Longidorids, Xiphinematids, and Trichodorids. The 65 nematode populations were clustered correspondingly within appropriate positions of 13 families, including Belonolaimidae, Caloosiidae, Criconematidae, Dolichodoridae, Hemicycliophoridae, Hoplolaimidae, Heteroderidae, Longidoridae, Meloidogynidae, Paratylenchidae, Pratylenchidae, Telotylenchidae, and Trichodoridae. This study confirms previous morphological-based identification of the plant-parasitic nematode species found in turfgrasses and provides a framework for future studies of plant-parasitic nematodes associated with turfgrasses based upon DNA sequences and phylogenetic relationships.

scholarly journals Use of Entomopathogenic Nematodes and Thyme Oil to Suppress Plant-Parasitic Nematodes on English Boxwood

Plant Disease ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 471-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrique E. Pérez ◽  
Edwin E. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Parasitic Nematode ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematode ◽  
Nematode Population ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Thyme Oil ◽  
Plant Parasitic

A 2-year experiment was conducted to test suppression of plant-parasitic nematodes on English boxwood using entomopathogenic nematodes and 3.5% thyme oil formulated as Promax. Treatments were Steinernema riobrave formulated as BioVector and S. feltiae formulated as Nemasys, both applied at a rate of 2.5 billion infective juveniles/ha, thyme oil at rate of 9.3 liters/ha, and nontreated control. In the 2001 season, treatment with S. feltiae reduced (P ≤ 0.05) the population growth of Tylenchorhynchus sp. 7 days after treatment and Hoplolaimus sp. 30 and 60 days after treatment. Treatment with S. riobrave reduced (P ≤ 0.05) the population growth of all plant-parasitic nematode species at all sampling dates, with the exception of Mesocriconema sp. 30 days after treatment and Tylenchorhynchus sp. and Rotylenchus buxophilus 60 days after treatment. Treatment with thyme oil reduced (P ≤ 0.05) the population growth of all plant-parasitic nematode genera at all sampling dates except Tylenchorhynchus sp. and R. buxophilus 60 days after treatment. In the 2002 season, treatment with S. feltiae had no effect on nematode population growth. Treatment with S. riobrave reduced (P ≤ 0.05) the population growth of R. buxophilus 7 days after treatment, and all plant-parasitic nematodes 30 and 60 days after treatment except Hoplolaimus sp. 30 days after treatment and Mesocriconema sp. 60 days after treatment. Treatment with thyme oil reduced (P ≤ 0.05) the population growth at all sampling dates of plant-parasitic nematodes except Mesocriconema sp. 60 days after treatment.

scholarly journals PLANT PARASITIC NEMATODES ASSOCIATED WITH RABBITEYE, SOUTHERN HIGHBUSH AND HIGHBUSH BLUEBERRIES

HortScience ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 264D-264
Author(s):  
John R. Clark ◽  
Robert Robbins
Keyword(s):  
Parasitic Nematode ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Small Populations ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Highbush Blueberries ◽  
Southern Highbush ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Two replicated blueberry plantings, one containing one highbush, (Vaccinium corymbosum) two southern highbush and two rabbiteye (V.ashei) cultivars, and another containing one highbush and three rabbiteye cultivars were sampled in October, 1991 and plant parasitic nematodes extracted and counted. Additionally, 15 commercial rabbiteye plantings were sampled. Standard and southern highbush samples had total plant parasitic nematode levels of 228-451 nematodes/250 ml soil compared to 4-14 nematodes/250 ml soil for rabbiteye. No difference in nematode population was found among the standard highbush ('Bluecrop') and southern highbush ('Cooper', 'Gulfcoast') cultivars. Xiphinema americanum was the most common nematode species found, along with very small populations of Paratrichodorus minor. All commercial plantings had lower nematode levels in samples from the blueberry plants as compared to those from the sod middles between the rows. Nematode levels from commercial plantings ranged from 1477/250ml soil from blueberry plants and 11-1546/250 ml soil from the sod middles. Species found at high levels in the sod samples were usually distinctly different from those found associated with the blueberry plants.

scholarly journals Description of two new Ogma Southern, 1914 species (Nemata: Criconematoidea) with a list of plant-parasitic nematode species from Natal

Koedoe ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther Van den Berg
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Parasitic Nematode ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematode ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Tail Tip ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Two new O^nia Southern, 1914 species are described and figured from Giant's Castle Nature Reserve, Kamberg Nature Reserve and the Royal Natal National Park. O^ma naomiae spec. nov. females are characterised by having 10 to 12 longitudinal rows of scales on 63 to 69 retrorse body annuli; scales haphazardly arranged on first nine to 10 annuli; scales mostly with two projections, becoming longer toward tail end; all scales with minute protuberances on outer edges; lip region with one annulus with a greater diameter than first body annulus. Juveniles with 14 to 16 longitudinal rows of scales on 73 to 76 retrorse body annuli; each scale bearing five to seven sharply pointed processes; one lip annulus with an equal diameter to first body annulus. O^ma ueckermanni spec. nov. females are characterised by eight longitudinal rows of rounded scales on 60 to 67 body annuli becoming longer toward tail tip where they bear two, three or four-pronged processes; roughly sculptured recessed part of annulus extends to follow the outline of the scale almost forming a pillar between two succeeding scales; one lip annulus with a greater diameter than first body annulus; raised labial area with six pseudolips and no submedian lobes; margin of lip annulus with rounded tooth-like projections; stylet 49,3 to 60,7 ^m long. A list is given of the 16 known plant-parasitic nematodes found in these areas.

scholarly journals Isolation of Whole Esophageal Gland Cells from Plant-Parasitic Nematodes for Transcriptome Analyses and Effector Identification

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom R. Maier ◽  
Tarek Hewezi ◽  
Jiqing Peng ◽  
Thomas J. Baum
Keyword(s):  
Parasitic Nematode ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematode ◽  
Read Length ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Gland Cells ◽  
Esophageal Gland ◽  
Nematode Parasitism ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Esophageal glands of plant-parasitic nematodes are highly specialized cells whose gene expression products include secreted effector proteins, which govern nematode parasitism of host plants. Therefore, elucidating the transcriptomes of esophageal glands with the goal of identifying nematode effectors is a promising avenue to understanding nematode parasitism and its evolutionary origins as well as to devising nematode control strategies. We have developed a method to separate and isolate individual esophageal gland cells from multiple species of plant-parasitic nematodes while preserving RNA quality. We have used such isolated gland cells for transcriptome analysis via high-throughput DNA sequencing. This method relies on the differential histochemical staining of the gland cells after homogenization of phytonematode tissues. Total RNA was extracted from whole gland cells isolated from eight different plant-parasitic nematode species. To validate this approach, the isolated RNA from three plant-parasitic nematode species—Globodera rostochiensis, Pratylenchus penetrans, and Radopholus similis—was amplified, gel purified, and used for 454 sequencing. We obtained 456,801 total reads with an average read length of 409 bp. Sequence analyses revealed the presence of homologs of previously known nematode effectors in these libraries, thus validating our approach. These data provide compelling evidence that this technical advance can be used to relatively easily and expediently discover effector repertoires of plant-parasitic nematodes.

Plant-parasitic nematodes associated with weeds in subsistence agriculture in South Africa

Nematology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 875-887 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keikantsemang N. Ntidi ◽  
Hendrika Fourie ◽  
Alexander H. Mc Donald ◽  
Dirk De Waele ◽  
Charlotte M.S. Mienie
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Parasitic Nematode ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematode ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Twenty-nine plant-parasitic nematode species belonging to 15 genera, as well as two fungus-feeding nematode genera and one species, were identified from soil and root samples of weeds collected from 67 localities situated in subsistence production regions of South Africa during a survey from 2005-2006. Of these, 16 nematode species from four genera were reported for the first time to infect or to be associated with weeds. The predominant endo- and semi-endoparasites identified both from soil and root samples were Meloidogyne species, Pratylenchus zeae, Helicotylenchus dihystera and Rotylenchus unisexus. Based on PCR technology, three Meloidogyne species, M. hapla, M. incognita and M. javanica, have been identified in roots of weeds sampled. Thirty weed species representing 26 genera were identified as hosts of Meloidogyne species, while 38 belonging to 35 genera were associated with various other plant-parasitic nematodes. Meloidogyne species were predominant in the roots of Chloris virgata, Cynodon dactylon and Amaranthus hybridus. The frequency of occurrence of Meloidogyne species, H. dihystera and R. unisexus was significantly and positively correlated with localities in terms of % clay and % silt. The same trend was evident for these three taxa in terms of rainfall, while the opposite was observed in terms of their frequency of occurrence and pH. Principal component analysis results substantiated the latter. It also suggested that all four predominant plant-parasitic nematode species tend to occur more frequently at localities where maize was mono-cropped as well as where maize and vegetables were planted in rotation. Cynodon dactylon, Cyperus rotundus, Datura stramonium, Tagetes minuta and Eleusine corocana had the highest frequency of occurrence of weeds sampled. Identification of weeds that maintain plant-parasitic nematodes, particularly Meloidogyne species, suggested that these pathogens can have a negative impact on crop production when not controlled timely and effectively.

Plant-parasitic nematodes in field crops in South Africa. 6. Soybean

Nematology ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 447-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander McDonald ◽  
Hendrika Fourie ◽  
Gideon Loots
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Production Areas ◽  
First Time ◽  
Pratylenchus Zeae ◽  
Plant Parasitic ◽  
Meloidogyne Species

AbstractTwelve plant-parasitic nematode genera and 25 species were identified in soil and root samples collected from 17 localities in the soybean production areas of South Africa during the 1995/96 season. Predominant endoparasites found included Meloidogyne incognita, M. javanica, M. hapla, M. ethiopica, Pratylenchus zeae and P. brachyurus. Meloidogyne species occurred in 91% of all root samples, P. zeae in 87% and P. brachyurus in 33%. The occurrence of the three predominant endoparasites was not restricted to sandy soil, but they were also prevalent in soils with high clay contents. Other endoparasitic nematode species were Pratylenchus crenatus, P. teres, P. neglectus, P. thornei, Rotylenchulus parvus and Ditylenchus africanus. Nematodes found in soil included Helicotylenchus dihystera and Scutellonema brachyurus, which occurred in 78 and 71%, respectively, of all soil samples. Other nematodes found in soil samples were Helicotylenchus pseudorobustus, H. digonicus, H. microcephalus, Scutellonema truncatum, Rotylenchus unisexus, Mesocriconema sphaerocephalum, Paratrichodorus minor, Longidorus pisi, Xiphinema vanderlindei, X. elongatum and Tylenchorhynchus goffarti. Highest prominence values (PV) for Meloidogyne species were recorded on cultivars Prima, Bakgat, Tamboti, Hutcheson and Knap and the lowest on cultivars PAN812, SCS1, Nyala, Gazelle and A7119. Eight nematode genera and 19 species extracted during this study are reported for the first time in association with soybean in South Africa.

scholarly journals Survey of Parasitic Nematode Genera Associated with Grapevine Roots in Sweida Governorate, Syria

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-21
Author(s):  
Saher Mohamad Al-Halabi ◽  
◽  
Khaled Al-Assas ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Parasitic Nematode ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
First Record ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Absolute Frequency ◽  
Keywords Survey ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Al-Halabi, S.M. and K. Al-Assas. 2021. Survey of Parasitic Nematode Genera Associated with Grapevine Roots in Sweida Governorate, Syria. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 39(1): 14-21. The aim of this investigation was to survey the nematodes genera associated with the grapevine roots in Sweida Governorate, Syria. Samples were collected from vineyards of several main regions known for grape production (Massad, Al-Raha, Al-Kafer, Risas, Al-Quraya, Kanawat, and Ain Al-Arab in Dahr El-Jabal). The survey results confirmed the occurrence of the following plant-parasitic nematodes genera: Xiphinema, Meloidogyne, Pratylenchus, Paratylenchus, Helicotylenchus, Tylenchorynchus, Tylenchus and Ditylenchus in all investigated regions with high absolute frequency of 72.13, 73.77, 93.44, 96.72, 90.16, 93.44, 90.16 and 88.44%, respectively. The only exception was the genus Longidorus, which was limited with an absolute occurrence of 37.70%. Furthermore, this is the first record of these genera in Sweida Governorate. The results also revealed the presence of other genera of fungivore nematodes Aphelenchus and Aphelenchoides in all examined sites with 100% frequency. Keywords: Survey, classification, grapevine, nematodes, rhizosphere, Sweida, Syria

Diversity and incidence of plant-parasitic nematodes associated with saffron (Crocus sativus L.) in Morocco and their relationship with soil physicochemical properties

Nematology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fouad Mokrini ◽  
Salah-Eddine Laasli ◽  
Youssef Karra ◽  
Aicha El Aissami ◽  
Abdelfattah A. Dababat
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Parasitic Nematode ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematode ◽  
Crocus Sativus ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Soil Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Summary Saffron (Crocus sativus) fields in Morocco’s Taliouine and Taznakht regions were surveyed between January and April 2018 to study the diversity and incidence of plant-parasitic nematodes and assess the effects of soil physicochemical properties on the nematodes. Fourteen nematode genera were identified in soil and root samples collected from 66 saffron fields. The most common plant-parasitic nematodes in the Taliouine region were Pratylenchus spp. and Helicotylenchus spp. In the Taznakht region, the most common nematodes were Pratylenchus spp., Tylenchorhynchus spp. and Ditylenchus dipsaci. Nematodes, particularly Pratylenchus spp. and Ditylenchus spp., were abundant and frequent throughout the region. Several nematode genera were significantly associated with soil texture and mineral content, indicating that soil properties play an important role in plant-parasitic nematode communities. This description of plant-parasitic nematode assemblages associated with saffron fields in Morocco and their relationship with soil physicochemical properties provides a starting point from which appropriate nematode management strategies can be implemented.

Distribution of plant parasitic nematodes in South Australian vineyards

1976 ◽  
Vol 16 (81) ◽  
pp. 588 ◽  
Author(s):  
GR Stirling
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Parasitic Nematode ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Wide Spread ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Tylenchulus Semipenetrans ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp ◽  
Citrus Nematode ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Vineyards in all five of South Australia's grapegrowing districts were surveyed for plant parasitic nematodes. Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) occurrcd in four districts, and were present in almost all vineyards with sandy soil in the Riverland, Barossa Valley and Central districts. Four species (M. arenaria, M. hapla, M. incognita and M. javanica) were identified. Citrus nematode (Tylenchulus semipenetrans) was wide-spread in Riverland vineyards, and isolated infestations were found in other districts. Other plant parasitic nematode genera found during the survey were Helicotylenchus, Macroposthonia, Paratrichodorus, Paratylenchus, Prat ylenchus, Tylenchorh ynchus and Xiphinema.

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