scholarly journals Relationship between root traits and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in three species of weeds with different synanthropy index

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. e1360
Author(s):  
Rocío Vega-Frutis ◽  
Ana M. Hanan-Alipi
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Specific Root Length ◽  
Root Traits ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Mycorrhizal Colonization ◽  
Foraging Strategies ◽  
Root Branching ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Colonization ◽  
Order Root

  Background: Nutrient foraging strategies between thin and thick roots, including mycorrhizal symbionts are resource-costly, and therefore a trade-off could exist. These strategies can vary with the synanthropy index (degree to which a species associates with anthropogenic habitats), thus maximizing the benefits for the acquisition of soil resources. Objectives: To quantify the arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization of Melampodium species with different synanthropy index, and to determine the correlations between arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization and the architectural and morphological root traits. Methods: Roots of Melampodium divaricatum, M. perfoliatum and M. tepicense, with highest to lowest synanthropy index, respectively were collected. The root branching rate (RBR), total root length (TRL), diameter of first-order root, (FOR), root tissue density (RTD), specific root length (SRL), and arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization were quantified. Additionally, soil chemistry analyses were done. Results and conclusion: Melampodium tepicense had lowest FOR, highest SRL and lowest arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization, whereas M. divaricatum and M. perfoliatum had the opposite values. Additionally, M. divaricatum and M. perfoliatum had higher TRL, RTD, and RBR, suggesting that both strategies, arbuscular mycorrhiza and fine roots, are used for acquisition of nutrients, independently of their phylogenetic relationship and soil nutrients.

Exploring the role of root anatomy in P-mediated control of colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

Botany ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. N. Sharda ◽  
R. T. Koide
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Root Traits ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Mycorrhizal Colonization ◽  
Root Anatomy ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Angiosperm Species ◽  
Passage Cells

Alterations of root anatomy have been largely ignored as potential mechanisms for phosphorus-mediated control of arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization. However, at least three anatomical traits including the proportion of root length with a suberized hypodermis, the distribution of hypodermal passage cells, and the proportion of root volume as intercellular air space may influence the degree of colonization. In the present study, we determined whether these traits could be altered by variation in plant phosphorus (P) status. We grew 15 angiosperm species from 13 families, each at two P availabilities, and determined how P status influenced the three root traits. Of the three traits, only the distribution of passage cells was significantly affected by phosphorus status; high P plants possessed a reduced proportion of root length with passage cells. Therefore, in species with passage cells, change in the proportion of root length with passage cells may represent one mechanism for phosphorus-mediated control of mycorrhizal colonization. However, individual species responses to P treatment varied widely, and no single anatomical mechanism appeared to be responsible for the control of mycorrhizal colonization in all species.

Experimentally altered rainfall regimes and host root traits affect grassland arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Coline Deveautour ◽  
Suzanne Donn ◽  
Sally Power ◽  
Kirk Barnett ◽  
Jeff Powell
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Community ◽  
Community Assembly ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Specific Root Length ◽  
Root Traits ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Rainfall Regime ◽  
Precipitation Regimes ◽  
Rainfall Regimes

Future climate scenarios predict changes in rainfall regimes. These changes are expected to affect plants via effects on the expression of root traits associated with water and nutrient uptake. Associated microorganisms may also respond to these new precipitation regimes, either directly in response to changes in the soil environment or indirectly in response to altered root trait expression. We characterised arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal communities in an Australian grassland exposed to experimentally altered rainfall regimes. We used Illumina sequencing to assess the responses of AM fungal communities associated with four plant species sampled in different watering treatments and evaluated the extent to which shifts were associated with changes in root traits. We observed that altered rainfall regimes affected the composition but not the richness of the AM fungal communities, and we found distinctive communities in the increased rainfall treatment. We found no evidence of altered rainfall regime effects via changes in host physiology because none of the studied traits were affected by changes in rainfall. However, specific root length was observed to correlate with AM fungal richness, while concentrations of phosphorus and calcium in root tissue and the proportion of root length allocated to fine roots were correlated to community composition. Our study provides evidence that climate change and its effects on rainfall may influence AM fungal community assembly, as do plant traits related to plant nutrition and water uptake. We did not find evidence that host responses to altered rainfall drive AM fungal community assembly in this grassland ecosystem.

scholarly journals Border Cells and Arbuscular Mycorrhizae in Four Amaranthaceae Species

1997 ◽  
Vol 87 (12) ◽  
pp. 1240-1242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Arriola ◽  
Brendan A. Niemira ◽  
Gene R. Safir
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Mycorrhizal Colonization ◽  
Border Cells ◽  
Cell Production ◽  
Border Cell ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Colonization ◽  
The Family

Four species from the family Amaranthaceae were studied to determine border cell production and arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization. It was found that border cells, also known as sloughed root cap cells, are produced by all plant species studied and increase with increasing root length until a maximum number is reached at a root length of 25 mm. However, the increase in border cells with increasing root length is not uniform between species. Arbuscular mycorrhizal root colonization was found in all the Amaranthaceae species, and arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization was positively correlated with maximum border cell production.

Mycorrhizal responsiveness of Thuja, Calocedrus, Sequoia, and Sequoiadendron species of western North America

1985 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 1049-1054 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Kough ◽  
Randy Molina ◽  
R. G. Linderman
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Mycorrhizal Colonization ◽  
Growth Enhancement ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Colonization ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Low Phosphorus

Four western conifers inoculated or not inoculated with three species of vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi were grown in pasteurized soil and maintained at 11 or 43 ppm phosphorus. Compared with controls, vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization increased biomass more of younger than older seedlings. In young seedlings, species with large seeds responded less to phosphate addition or vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization than smaller seeded species. Vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal seedlings with low phosphorus were always larger than noninoculated low phosphorus controls and comparable in size or larger than nonmycorrhizal controls at moderate phosphorus. Vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal plants produced from 100 to 2000% more biomass than noninoculated plants at low phosphorus, and from equality to 500% at moderate phosphorus. Vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal species did not differ in plant growth enhancement or root colonization at any seedling age or phosphorus fertility examined. Tree species' responsiveness ranged as follows: Thujaplicata > Sequoiasempervirens > Calocedrusdecurrens > Sequoiadendrongiganteum. Vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi enhanced seedling uniformity and size in all the tree species.

scholarly journals Root morphology and mycorrhizal symbioses together shape nutrient foraging strategies of temperate trees

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (31) ◽  
pp. 8741-8746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weile Chen ◽  
Roger T. Koide ◽  
Thomas S. Adams ◽  
Jared L. DeForest ◽  
Lei Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Traits ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Root Traits ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Nutrient Acquisition ◽  
Foraging Strategies ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Temperate Trees ◽  
Nutrient Foraging

Photosynthesis by leaves and acquisition of water and minerals by roots are required for plant growth, which is a key component of many ecosystem functions. Although the role of leaf functional traits in photosynthesis is generally well understood, the relationship of root functional traits to nutrient uptake is not. In particular, predictions of nutrient acquisition strategies from specific root traits are often vague. Roots of nearly all plants cooperate with mycorrhizal fungi in nutrient acquisition. Most tree species form symbioses with either arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) or ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi. Nutrients are distributed heterogeneously in the soil, and nutrient-rich “hotspots” can be a key source for plants. Thus, predicting the foraging strategies that enable mycorrhizal root systems to exploit these hotspots can be critical to the understanding of plant nutrition and ecosystem carbon and nutrient cycling. Here, we show that in 13 sympatric temperate tree species, when nutrient availability is patchy, thinner root species alter their foraging to exploit patches, whereas thicker root species do not. Moreover, there appear to be two distinct pathways by which thinner root tree species enhance foraging in nutrient-rich patches: AM trees produce more roots, whereas EM trees produce more mycorrhizal fungal hyphae. Our results indicate that strategies of nutrient foraging are complementary among tree species with contrasting mycorrhiza types and root morphologies, and that predictable relationships between below-ground traits and nutrient acquisition emerge only when both roots and mycorrhizal fungi are considered together.

Influence of arbuscular mycorrhizae on biomass and root morphology of selected strawberry cultivars under salt stress

Botany ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 89 (6) ◽  
pp. 397-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Fan ◽  
Yolande Dalpé ◽  
Chengquan Fang ◽  
Claudine Dubé ◽  
Shahrokh Khanizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Root Morphology ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Specific Root Length ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Root Diameter ◽  
Root Tissue ◽  
Sustainable Horticulture

To investigate the influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on biomass and root morphology, a greenhouse experiment was conducted using three elite strawberry ( Fragaria  × ananassa Duch.) cultivars (‘Kent’, ‘Jewel’, and ‘Saint-Pierre’). They were subjected to three NaCl levels (0, 30, and 60 mmol/L) and were inoculated and noninoculated (control) with AMF Glomus irregulare . The presence of AMF significantly changed root morphology and increased root-length percentages of medium (0.5 mm < root diameter φ ≤ 1.5 mm) and coarse (φ > 1.5 mm) roots, shoot and root tissue biomass, root to shoot ratio (R/S ratio), and specific root length (SRL), regardless of cultivar and salinity. In contrast, salt alone changed root morphology and decreased shoot and root tissue biomass, R/S ratio, and SRL. The AMF colonization rates were reduced linearly and significantly with increasing salinity levels. Cultivars responded differently to AMF than to salt stress. ‘Saint-Pierre’ seemed to be the most tolerant cultivar to salinity, while ‘Kent’ was the most sensitive. Consequently, AMF symbiosis highly enhanced salt tolerance of strawberry plants, which confirmed the potential use of mycorrhizal biotechnology in sustainable horticulture in arid areas.

Clethra barbinervis, a member of the order Ericales, forms arbuscular mycorrhizae

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 300-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Kubota ◽  
T P McGonigle ◽  
M Hyakumachi
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Mycorrhizal Colonization ◽  
First Report ◽  
Mycorrhizal Status ◽  
The Family ◽  
Clethra Barbinervis

The mycorrhizal status of Clethra barbinervis, in the family Clethraceae of the order Ericales, was investigated. Mycorrhizal colonization of C. barbinervis roots collected from naturally occurring trees in two forests in Japan was determined monthly for 12 months. In addition, mycorrhizal colonization of C. barbinervis seedlings grown in pots of field-collected soil was evaluated. Field-collected C. barbinervis roots were extensively colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi that exhibited the Paris-type morphology. At both sites, total colonization ranged from 42–87% of root length and arbuscular colonization ranged from 6–31% of root length during the year. At one site, hyphal-coil colonization was between 37–61% year round; at the other site, it increased from between 30–56% during August-November to as high as 80% in January. Year round at both sites, vesicular colonization was 7% of root length or less. The Paris-type morphology was also seen in pot-grown C. barbinervis seedlings. Total colonization of pot-grown C. barbinervis seedlings was 34–56% of the root length over 5–20 weeks. To our knowledge, this study is the first report of the mycorrhizal status of a plant in the Clethraceae and the first report of arbuscular mycorrhizae in any member of the Ericales.Key words: Paris-type, Japan, seasonal pattern, arbuscular mycorrhiza, Ericales.

Phosphorus threshold for arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization of crops and tree seedlings

2011 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashok Shukla ◽  
Anil Kumar ◽  
Anuradha Jha ◽  
Ajit ◽  
D. V. K. Nageswara Rao
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Mycorrhizal Colonization ◽  
Tree Seedlings ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Colonization

scholarly journals Root Phenotyping for Drought Tolerance: A Review

Agronomy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allah Wasaya ◽  
Xiying Zhang ◽  
Qin Fang ◽  
Zongzheng Yan
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Root Length Density ◽  
Canopy Temperature ◽  
Specific Root Length ◽  
Root Traits ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Invasive Approach ◽  
Root Phenotyping

Plant roots play a significant role in plant growth by exploiting soil resources via the uptake of water and nutrients. Root traits such as fine root diameter, specific root length, specific root area, root angle, and root length density are considered useful traits for improving plant productivity under drought conditions. Therefore, understanding interactions between roots and their surrounding soil environment is important, which can be improved through root phenotyping. With the advancement in technologies, many tools have been developed for root phenotyping. Canopy temperature depression (CTD) has been considered a good technique for field phenotyping of crops under drought and is used to estimate crop yield as well as root traits in relation to drought tolerance. Both laboratory and field-based methods for phenotyping root traits have been developed including soil sampling, mini-rhizotron, rhizotrons, thermography and non-soil techniques. Recently, a non-invasive approach of X-ray computed tomography (CT) has provided a break-through to study the root architecture in three dimensions (3-D). This review summarizes methods for root phenotyping. On the basis of this review, it can be concluded that root traits are useful characters to be included in future breeding programs and for selecting better cultivars to increase crop yield under water-limited environments.

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