scholarly journals Enzymes from Extreme Environments and Their Industrial Applications

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer A. Littlechild
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Environments ◽  
Industrial Applications

scholarly journals Spontaneous formation of multilayer refractory carbide coatings in a molten salt media

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (18) ◽  
pp. e2100663118
Author(s):  
Loic Constantin ◽  
Lisha Fan ◽  
Mathilde Pouey ◽  
Jérôme Roger ◽  
Bai Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molten Salt ◽  
Multilayer Coating ◽  
Extreme Environments ◽  
Extreme Temperature ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Refractory Carbide ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Refractory Coating ◽  
Carbide Coatings

Refractory materials hold great promise to develop functional multilayer coating for extreme environments and temperature applications but require high temperature and complex synthesis to overcome their strong atomic bonding and form a multilayer structure. Here, a spontaneous reaction producing sophisticated multilayer refractory carbide coatings on carbon fiber (CF) is reported. This approach utilizes a relatively low-temperature (950 °C) molten-salt process for forming refractory carbides. The reaction of titanium (Ti), chromium (Cr), and CF yields a complex, high-quality multilayer carbide coating composed of 1) Cr carbide (Cr3C2), 2) Ti carbide, and 3) Cr3C2 layers. The layered sequence arises from a difference in metal dissolutions, reactions, and diffusion rates in the salt media. The multilayer-coated CFs act as a permeable oxidation barrier with no crystalline degradation of the CFs after extreme temperature (1,200 °C) and environment (oxyacetylene flame) exposure. The synthesis of high-quality multilayer refractory coating in a fast, efficient, easy, and clean manner may answer the need for industrial applications that develop cheap and reliable extreme environment protection barriers.

scholarly journals Parametric optimization of Edm on Hastelloy C-276 Using Taguchi L18 Technique

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2.7) ◽  
pp. 714 ◽  
Author(s):  
SK Khadar Basha ◽  
Murahari Kolli ◽  
M V.Jagannadha Raju
Keyword(s):  
Process Parameters ◽  
Discharge Current ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Extreme Environments ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Dielectric Fluid ◽  
Machining Performance ◽  
Current Electrode ◽  
Pulse On Time ◽  
Pulse Off Time

Due to development in machining science the use of composites and alloys is a great deal for every industry. Hastelloy C276 the most versatile corrosion resistant nickel based super alloy which is used for industrial applications is considered for doing the            experiments .The high nickel and molybdenum content provides better corrosion resistance at extreme environments. In this report, the experiments are performed by using Taguchi L18 technique and their results are used for performance of each process parameters on their output responses. The process parameters considered for experimentation are discharge current, pulse- on- time, type of electrode and pulse off time for the output responses of material removal rate and surface roughness. Eco-friendly (drinking water) is used as a dielectric fluid. The experiments are designed and conducted using Taguchi L18 technique and analyze the influence of each process parameters on machining performance characteristics. Further, mathematical equations were developed using the statistical software MINITAB17.0.ANOVA is used for analyzing the experimental results obtained. It was observed from the response table that the average values of MRR and SR for pulse on time, discharge current, electrode are identified as important process parameters.  

Industrial Applications of Enzymes From Extremophiles

2022 ◽  
pp. 207-232
Author(s):  
Prashant Satishbhai Arya ◽  
Shivani Maheshkumar Yagnik ◽  
Rakeshkumar Ramanlal Panchal ◽  
Kiransinh Narendrasinh Rajput ◽  
Vikram Hiren Raval
Keyword(s):  
Asymmetric Catalysis ◽  
Organic Solvents ◽  
Environmental Remediation ◽  
Extreme Environments ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Hazardous Substance ◽  
Cold Adapted ◽  
Food Industries ◽  
Extremophilic Microorganisms ◽  
Area Of Application

Extremophilic microorganisms have developed a variety of molecular tactics to exist in extreme environments. Researchers are fascinated by extremophiles and unearth various enzymes from these fascinating microbes. Extremozymes are astonishing biocatalysts with distinctive properties of catalysis and stability under a multitude of daunting conditions of salt, pH, organic solvents, and temperature, which open up new possibilities for biocatalysis and biotransformation and outcompetes mesophilic counterparts. Biotechnological implications include simple, immobilized, as well as whole-cell applications. Stability in organic solvents adds to the asymmetric catalysis and thereby exemplifies the applicability of extremozymes and in fostering biobased economies. Marine, cold-adapted enzymes, and those that help in the removal of a toxic hazardous substance from the environment are obvious choices for food industries and bioremediation. The major area of application and research emphasis includes textile, detergents, food, dairy, agriculture, and environmental remediation.

scholarly journals Biochemical Characterization of the Amylase Activity from the New Haloarchaeal Strain Haloarcula sp. HS Isolated in the Odiel Marshlands

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 337
Author(s):  
Patricia Gómez-Villegas ◽  
Javier Vigara ◽  
Luis Romero ◽  
Cecilia Gotor ◽  
Sara Raposo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Amylase Activity ◽  
Extreme Environments ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Large Family ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Glycosyl Hydrolases ◽  
Calcium Dependent ◽  
Alpha Amylases

Alpha-amylases are a large family of α,1-4-endo-glycosyl hydrolases distributed in all kingdoms of life. The need for poly-extremotolerant amylases encouraged their search in extreme environments, where archaea become ideal candidates to provide new enzymes that are able to work in the harsh conditions demanded in many industrial applications. In this study, a collection of haloarchaea isolated from Odiel saltern ponds in the southwest of Spain was screened for their amylase activity. The strain that exhibited the highest activity was selected and identified as Haloarcula sp. HS. We demonstrated the existence in both, cellular and extracellular extracts of the new strain, of functional α-amylase activities, which showed to be moderately thermotolerant (optimum around 60 °C), extremely halotolerant (optimum over 25% NaCl), and calcium-dependent. The tryptic digestion followed by HPLC-MS/MS analysis of the partially purified cellular and extracellular extracts allowed to identify the sequence of three alpha-amylases, which despite sharing a low sequence identity, exhibited high three-dimensional structure homology, conserving the typical domains and most of the key consensus residues of α-amylases. Moreover, we proved the potential of the extracellular α-amylase from Haloarcula sp. HS to treat bakery wastes under high salinity conditions.

scholarly journals Cellulase: Distribution, Production, Characterization and Industrial Applications

2021 ◽  
pp. 36-71
Author(s):  
Pratibha Maravi ◽  
Anil Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme System ◽  
Extreme Environments ◽  
Deep Ocean ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Cellulosic Biomass ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Alkaline Ph ◽  
Feed Production ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
Living Organisms

Cellulase enzyme complex is comprised of three enzymes namely exo-glucanase, endo-glucanase and β-glucosidase which act synergistically to deconstruct cellulosic biomass in order to produce fermentable sugars. The enzymes are produced naturally by the living organisms such as bacteria, fungi and algae. The majority of microorganisms that live in extreme environments including hot/cold springs, rumen stomach, deep ocean trench, acidic/alkaline pH environment, have been regarded as appealing producers of cellulase. Cellulases produced by microorganisms have enormous applications in different industries such as agriculture, food and feed production, brewing, textile, laundry and biofuel production. Scientists as well as industry researchers consider cellulases as a prospective candidate for further studies due to the intricacy of the enzyme system and massive industrial potential. Scientific belief in its production and further studies challenges are receiving greater attention these days, notably in the intent of decreasing its production cost at the industrial scale. In this review, future possibilities of using cellulase for various industrial applications are also addressed.

Alkalophiles

2022 ◽  
pp. 35-64
Author(s):  
Vishal Arvindlal Mevada ◽  
Urvisha Himmatbhai Beladiya ◽  
Himani Rajendrakumar Gandhi ◽  
Amitsinh Vijaysinh Mangrola ◽  
Rajesh Kanjibhai Patel
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Environments ◽  
Soda Lake ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Alkaline Ph ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Environmental Distribution ◽  
Nextgen Sequencing ◽  
And Function ◽  
Interesting Area ◽  
Natural Water Bodies

Alkalophiles are a class of extremophiles capable of survival in alkaline (pH roughly 8.5–11) environments, growing optimally around a pH of 10. At such high pH, the normal cellular functions are detrimentally affected for mesophilic organisms. The alkalophiles successfully manage stability of DNA, plasma membrane, and function of cytosolic enzymes, as well as other unfavorable physiological changes at such an elevated pH. A recent development in NextGen sequencing technology facilitates identifying uncultivable organisms amongst the extreme environments. In recent years, distribution of alkalophiles was reported from Soda Lake, marine environments, saline deserts, and natural thermal vents to natural water bodies. Although alkalophiles were first reported in 1889, their enzymatic and industrial applications still make them an interesting area of research. This chapter provides basic information on environmental distribution, taxonomy, physiology, bioenergetics, and survival mechanism and enzymes produced by alkalophilic organisms.

scholarly journals Life in extreme environments: single molecule force spectroscopy as a tool to explore proteins from extremophilic organisms

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna M. Tych ◽  
Toni Hoffmann ◽  
Matthew Batchelor ◽  
Megan L. Hughes ◽  
Katherine E. Kendrick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Molecule ◽  
Extreme Environments ◽  
Force Spectroscopy ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Short Article ◽  
Single Molecule Force Spectroscopy ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Chemical Conditions ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Structural Adaptations

Extremophiles are organisms which survive and thrive in extreme environments. The proteins from extremophilic single-celled organisms have received considerable attention as they are structurally stable and functionally active under extreme physical and chemical conditions. In this short article, we provide an introduction to extremophiles, the structural adaptations of proteins from extremophilic organisms and the exploitation of these proteins in industrial applications. We provide a review of recent developments which have utilized single molecule force spectroscopy to mechanically manipulate proteins from extremophilic organisms and the information which has been gained about their stability, flexibility and underlying energy landscapes.

scholarly journals Low-Temperature Biosurfactants from Polar Microbes

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 1183
Author(s):  
Benjamin Trudgeon ◽  
Markus Dieser ◽  
Narayanaganesh Balasubramanian ◽  
Mitch Messmer ◽  
Christine M. Foreman
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Extreme Environments ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Index Test ◽  
Biotechnological Potential ◽  
Cold Environments ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Harsh Conditions

Surfactants, both synthetic and natural, are used in a wide range of industrial applications, including the degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons. Organisms from extreme environments are well-adapted to the harsh conditions and represent an exciting avenue of discovery of naturally occurring biosurfactants, yet microorganisms from cold environments have been largely overlooked for their biotechnological potential as biosurfactant producers. In this study, four cold-adapted bacterial isolates from Antarctica are investigated for their ability to produce biosurfactants. Here we report on the physical properties and chemical structure of biosurfactants from the genera Janthinobacterium, Psychrobacter, and Serratia. These organisms were able to grow on diesel, motor oil, and crude oil at 4 °C. Putative identification showed the presence of sophorolipids and rhamnolipids. Emulsion index test (E24) activity ranged from 36.4–66.7%. Oil displacement tests were comparable to 0.1–1.0% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) solutions. Data presented herein are the first report of organisms of the genus Janthinobacterium to produce biosurfactants and their metabolic capabilities to degrade diverse petroleum hydrocarbons. The organisms’ ability to produce biosurfactants and grow on different hydrocarbons as their sole carbon and energy source at low temperatures (4 °C) makes them suitable candidates for the exploration of hydrocarbon bioremediation in low-temperature environments.

scholarly journals Complete Genome Sequence of the Extremophilic Bacillus cereus Strain Q1 with Industrial Applications

2008 ◽  
Vol 191 (3) ◽  
pp. 1120-1121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaohui Xiong ◽  
Yan Jiang ◽  
Danhua Qi ◽  
Huaibao Lu ◽  
Fan Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Complete Genome Sequence ◽  
Extreme Environments ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Northeastern China ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Oil Reservoir ◽  
Deep Subsurface ◽  
Daqing Oil Field

ABSTRACT Bacillus cereus strain Q1 was isolated from a deep-subsurface oil reservoir in the Daqing oil field in northeastern China. This strain is able to produce biosurfactants and to survive in extreme environments. Here we report the finished and annotated genome sequence of this organism.

scholarly journals Novel recombinant keratin degrading subtilisin like serine alkaline protease from Bacillus cereus isolated from marine hydrothermal vent crabs

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Revathi Gurunathan ◽  
Bin Huang ◽  
Vinoth Kumar Ponnusamy ◽  
Jiang-Shiou Hwang ◽  
Hans-Uwe Dahms
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Hydrothermal Vents ◽  
Extreme Environments ◽  
Serine Proteinase ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Hydrolytic Activity ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Protease Gene ◽  
Hydrolytic Activities ◽  
Promising Source

AbstractMicrobial secondary metabolites from extreme environments like hydrothermal vents are a promising source for industrial applications. In our study the protease gene from Bacillus cereus obtained from shallow marine hydrothermal vents in the East China Sea was cloned, expressed and purified. The protein sequence of 38 kDa protease SLSP-k was retrieved from mass spectrometry and identified as a subtilisin serine proteinase. The novel SLSP-k is a monomeric protein with 38 amino acid signal peptides being active over wide pH (7–11) and temperature (40–80 °C) ranges, with maximal hydrolytic activities at pH 10 and at 50 °C temperature. The hydrolytic activity is stimulated by Ca2+, Co2+, Mn2+, and DTT. It is inhibited by Fe2+, Cd2+, Cu2+, EDTA, and PMSF. The SLSP-k is stable in anionic, non-anionic detergents, and solvents. The ability to degrade keratin in chicken feather and hair indicates that this enzyme is suitable for the degradation of poultry waste without the loss of nutritionally essential amino acids which otherwise are lost in hydrothermal processing. Therefore, the proteinase is efficient in environmental friendly bioconversion of animal waste into fertilizers or value added products such as secondary animal feedstuffs.

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