Industrial Applications of Enzymes From Extremophiles

2022 ◽  
pp. 207-232
Author(s):  
Prashant Satishbhai Arya ◽  
Shivani Maheshkumar Yagnik ◽  
Rakeshkumar Ramanlal Panchal ◽  
Kiransinh Narendrasinh Rajput ◽  
Vikram Hiren Raval
Keyword(s):  
Asymmetric Catalysis ◽  
Organic Solvents ◽  
Environmental Remediation ◽  
Extreme Environments ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Hazardous Substance ◽  
Cold Adapted ◽  
Food Industries ◽  
Extremophilic Microorganisms ◽  
Area Of Application

Extremophilic microorganisms have developed a variety of molecular tactics to exist in extreme environments. Researchers are fascinated by extremophiles and unearth various enzymes from these fascinating microbes. Extremozymes are astonishing biocatalysts with distinctive properties of catalysis and stability under a multitude of daunting conditions of salt, pH, organic solvents, and temperature, which open up new possibilities for biocatalysis and biotransformation and outcompetes mesophilic counterparts. Biotechnological implications include simple, immobilized, as well as whole-cell applications. Stability in organic solvents adds to the asymmetric catalysis and thereby exemplifies the applicability of extremozymes and in fostering biobased economies. Marine, cold-adapted enzymes, and those that help in the removal of a toxic hazardous substance from the environment are obvious choices for food industries and bioremediation. The major area of application and research emphasis includes textile, detergents, food, dairy, agriculture, and environmental remediation.

scholarly journals Perspectives on biotechnological applications of archaea

Archaea ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Schiraldi ◽  
Mariateresa Giuliano ◽  
Mario De Rosa
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Extreme Environments ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Biotechnological Applications ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Extreme Halophiles ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Extremophilic Microorganisms ◽  
Biotechnological Processes ◽  
The Subject

Many archaea colonize extreme environments. They include hyperthermophiles, sulfur-metabolizing thermophiles, extreme halophiles and methanogens. Because extremophilic microorganisms have unusual properties, they are a potentially valuable resource in the development of novel biotechnological processes. Despite extensive research, however, there are few existing industrial applications of either archaeal biomass or archaeal enzymes. This review summarizes current knowledge about the biotechnological uses of archaea and archaeal enzymes with special attention to potential applications that are the subject of current experimental evaluation. Topics covered include cultivation methods, recent achievements in genomics, which are of key importance for the development of new biotechnological tools, and the application of wild-type biomasses, engineered microorganisms, enzymes and specific metabolites in particular bioprocesses of industrial interest.

scholarly journals Metal-free oxidative cross-coupling enabled practical synthesis of atropisomeric QUINOL and its derivatives

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng-Ying Jiang ◽  
Kai-Fang Fan ◽  
Shaoyu Li ◽  
Shao-Hua Xiang ◽  
Bin Tan
Keyword(s):  
Asymmetric Catalysis ◽  
Kinetic Resolution ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Coupling Reaction ◽  
Cross Coupling ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Lewis Base ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Metal Free ◽  
Base Catalysts

AbstractAs an important platform molecule, atropisomeric QUINOL plays a crucial role in the development of chiral ligands and catalysts in asymmetric catalysis. However, efficient approaches towards QUINOL remain scarce, and the resulting high production costs greatly impede the related academic research as well as downstream industrial applications. Here we report a direct oxidative cross-coupling reaction between isoquinolines and 2-naphthols, providing a straightforward and scalable route to acquire the privileged QUINOL scaffolds in a metal-free manner. Moreover, a NHC-catalyzed kinetic resolution of QUINOL N-oxides with high selectivity factor is established to access two types of promising axially chiral Lewis base catalysts in optically pure forms. The utility of this methodology is further illustrated by facile transformations of the products into QUINAP, an iconic ligand in asymmetric catalysis.

scholarly journals Review on Natural, Incidental, Bioinspired, and Engineered Nanomaterials: History, Definitions, Classifications, Synthesis, Properties, Market, Toxicities, Risks, and Regulations

Nanomaterials ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 177
Author(s):  
Ahmed Barhoum ◽  
María Luisa García-Betancourt ◽  
Jaison Jeevanandam ◽  
Eman A. Hussien ◽  
Sara A. Mekkawy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nanostructured Materials ◽  
Environmental Remediation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Big Bang ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Biochemical Engineering ◽  
Synthesis Properties ◽  
Nanomaterials Synthesis ◽  
The Big Bang

Nanomaterials are becoming important materials in several fields and industries thanks to their very reduced size and shape-related features. Scientists think that nanoparticles and nanostructured materials originated during the Big Bang process from meteorites leading to the formation of the universe and Earth. Since 1990, the term nanotechnology became very popular due to advances in imaging technologies that paved the way to specific industrial applications. Currently, nanoparticles and nanostructured materials are synthesized on a large scale and are indispensable for many industries. This fact fosters and supports research in biochemistry, biophysics, and biochemical engineering applications. Recently, nanotechnology has been combined with other sciences to fabricate new forms of nanomaterials that could be used, for instance, for diagnostic tools, drug delivery systems, energy generation/storage, environmental remediation as well as agriculture and food processing. In contrast with traditional materials, specific features can be integrated into nanoparticles, nanostructures, and nanosystems by simply modifying their scale, shape, and composition. This article first summarizes the history of nanomaterials and nanotechnology. Followed by the progress that led to improved synthesis processes to produce different nanoparticles and nanostructures characterized by specific features. The content finally presents various origins and sources of nanomaterials, synthesis strategies, their toxicity, risks, regulations, and self-aggregation.

The Possible Causes of Damage to Concrete Tanks, Numerical Experiment of Fluid-Structure-Soil Interaction

2017 ◽  
Vol 738 ◽  
pp. 227-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamila Kotrasova ◽  
Iveta Hegedusova ◽  
Slavka Harabinova ◽  
Eva Panulinova ◽  
Eva Kormanikova
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Model ◽  
Numerical Experiment ◽  
Seismic Response ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Hazardous Substance ◽  
Fluid Structure ◽  
Aggressive Environment ◽  
Concrete Tank

Ground-supported open top circular concrete tanks are critical and strategic structures. There tanks are used in the commercial and industrial applications to store a variety of liquids as water or other products such as liquid chemicals and hazardous substance. Damages or collapse of containers may be due to the influence of surrounding aggressive environments or an earthquake. This paper provides numerical model on seismic response of fluid - structure - soil interaction. The article also will be described impact aggressive environment in terms of standards and its impact on the quality of the concrete tank.

scholarly journals Spontaneous formation of multilayer refractory carbide coatings in a molten salt media

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (18) ◽  
pp. e2100663118
Author(s):  
Loic Constantin ◽  
Lisha Fan ◽  
Mathilde Pouey ◽  
Jérôme Roger ◽  
Bai Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molten Salt ◽  
Multilayer Coating ◽  
Extreme Environments ◽  
Extreme Temperature ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Refractory Carbide ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Refractory Coating ◽  
Carbide Coatings

Refractory materials hold great promise to develop functional multilayer coating for extreme environments and temperature applications but require high temperature and complex synthesis to overcome their strong atomic bonding and form a multilayer structure. Here, a spontaneous reaction producing sophisticated multilayer refractory carbide coatings on carbon fiber (CF) is reported. This approach utilizes a relatively low-temperature (950 °C) molten-salt process for forming refractory carbides. The reaction of titanium (Ti), chromium (Cr), and CF yields a complex, high-quality multilayer carbide coating composed of 1) Cr carbide (Cr3C2), 2) Ti carbide, and 3) Cr3C2 layers. The layered sequence arises from a difference in metal dissolutions, reactions, and diffusion rates in the salt media. The multilayer-coated CFs act as a permeable oxidation barrier with no crystalline degradation of the CFs after extreme temperature (1,200 °C) and environment (oxyacetylene flame) exposure. The synthesis of high-quality multilayer refractory coating in a fast, efficient, easy, and clean manner may answer the need for industrial applications that develop cheap and reliable extreme environment protection barriers.

scholarly journals Parametric optimization of Edm on Hastelloy C-276 Using Taguchi L18 Technique

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2.7) ◽  
pp. 714 ◽  
Author(s):  
SK Khadar Basha ◽  
Murahari Kolli ◽  
M V.Jagannadha Raju
Keyword(s):  
Process Parameters ◽  
Discharge Current ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Extreme Environments ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Dielectric Fluid ◽  
Machining Performance ◽  
Current Electrode ◽  
Pulse On Time ◽  
Pulse Off Time

Due to development in machining science the use of composites and alloys is a great deal for every industry. Hastelloy C276 the most versatile corrosion resistant nickel based super alloy which is used for industrial applications is considered for doing the            experiments .The high nickel and molybdenum content provides better corrosion resistance at extreme environments. In this report, the experiments are performed by using Taguchi L18 technique and their results are used for performance of each process parameters on their output responses. The process parameters considered for experimentation are discharge current, pulse- on- time, type of electrode and pulse off time for the output responses of material removal rate and surface roughness. Eco-friendly (drinking water) is used as a dielectric fluid. The experiments are designed and conducted using Taguchi L18 technique and analyze the influence of each process parameters on machining performance characteristics. Further, mathematical equations were developed using the statistical software MINITAB17.0.ANOVA is used for analyzing the experimental results obtained. It was observed from the response table that the average values of MRR and SR for pulse on time, discharge current, electrode are identified as important process parameters.  

scholarly journals A Special Issue on Microorganisms from Extreme Environments in Memory of Luigi Michaud (1974–2014)

Diversity ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
Angelina Lo Giudice ◽  
Concetta Gugliandolo
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Hydrothermal Vents ◽  
Extreme Environments ◽  
Research Paper ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Biotechnological Potential ◽  
Geothermal Soils ◽  
Extremophilic Microorganisms ◽  
Shallow Hydrothermal Vents

A special issue (SI) titled “Microbial Diversity in Extreme Environments: Implications for Ecological and Applicative Perspectives” has been launched with the aim of showcasing the diversity and biotechnological potential of extremophilic microorganisms. The issue includes 10 research papers and four reviews that mainly address prokaryotes inhabiting hyperarid, hypercold, hyperalkaline and hypersaline (or polyextreme) environments, spanning from deserts to meromictic and glacier lakes around the globe. Thermophilic prokaryotes from shallow hydrothermal vents and Antarctic geothermal soils are also treated. The ecology and biotechnological perspectives of eukaryotes are discussed in two review papers and one research paper. This special issue serves as a memorial to Dr. Luigi Michaud (1974–2014), who dramatically passed away in Antarctica during underwater sampling activities.

scholarly journals Counterbalance of Stability and Activity Observed for Thermostable Transaminase from Thermobaculum terrenum in the Presence of Organic Solvents

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1024
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Yu. Bezsudnova ◽  
Alena Yu. Nikolaeva ◽  
Sergey Y. Kleymenov ◽  
Tatiana E. Petrova ◽  
Sofia A. Zavialova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bonds ◽  
Organic Solvents ◽  
Hydration Shell ◽  
Tryptophan Fluorescence ◽  
Blue Shift ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Thermostable Enzyme ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Enzyme Analysis ◽  
Salt Bridges

Pyridoxal-5’-phosphate-dependent transaminases catalyze stereoselective amination of organic compounds and are highly important for industrial applications. Catalysis by transaminases often requires organic solvents to increase the solubility of reactants. However, natural transaminases are prone to inactivation in the presence of water-miscible organic solvents. Here, we present the solvent tolerant thermostable transaminase from Thermobaculum terrenum (TaTT) that catalyzes transamination between L-leucine and alpha-ketoglutarate with an optimum at 75 °C and increases the activity ~1.8-fold upon addition of 15% dimethyl sulfoxide or 15% methanol at high but suboptimal temperature, 50 °C. The enhancement of the activity correlates with a decrease in the thermal denaturation midpoint temperature. The blue-shift of tryptophan fluorescence suggested that solvent molecules penetrate the hydration shell of the enzyme. Analysis of hydrogen bonds in the TaTT dimer revealed a high number of salt bridges and surface hydrogen bonds formed by backbone atoms. The latter are sensitive to the presence of organic solvents; they rearrange, conferring the relaxation of some constraints inherent to a thermostable enzyme at low temperatures. Our data support the idea that the counterbalance of stability and activity is crucial for the catalysis under given conditions; the obtained results may be useful for fine-tuning biocatalyst efficiency.

Flow Imaging Microscopy as a Novel Tool for High-Throughput Evaluation of Elastin-like Polymer Coacervates

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Marvin ◽  
Wynter Paiva ◽  
Nicole Gill ◽  
Marissa A. Morales ◽  
Jeffrey Mark Halpern ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Remediation ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Particle Analysis ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Flow Imaging ◽  
Size Limit ◽  
Imaging Results ◽  
Polymer Microparticles ◽  
Lower Size

<div>Biological and bioinspired polymer microparticles have broad biomedical and industrial applications, including drug delivery, tissue engineering, surface modification, environmental remediation, imaging, and sensing. Full realization of the potential of biopolymer microparticles will require methods for rigorous characterization of particle sizes, morphologies, and dynamics, so that researchers may correlate particle characteristics with synthesis methods and desired functions. Toward this end, we evaluated biopolymer microparticles using flow imaging microscopy. This technology is widely used in the biopharmaceutical industry but is not yet well-known among the materials community. Our polymer, a genetically engineered elastin-like polypeptide (ELP), self-assembles into micron-scale coacervates. We performed flow imaging of ELP coacervates using two different instruments, one with a lower size limit of approximately 2 microns, the other with a lower size limit of approximately 300 nanometers. We validated flow imaging results by comparison with dynamic light scattering and atomic force microscopy analyses. We explored the effects of various solvent conditions on ELP coacervate size, morphology, and behavior, such as the dispersion of single particles versus aggregates. We found that flow imaging is a superior tool for rapid and thorough particle analysis of ELP coacervates in solution. We anticipate that researchers studying many types of microscale protein or polymer assemblies will be interested in flow imaging as a tool for quantitative, solution-based characterization.<br></div>

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