scholarly journals EGF-Induced miR-223 Modulates Goat Mammary Epithelial Cell Apoptosis and Inflammation via ISG15

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Zhang ◽  
Qiong Wu ◽  
Guanglin Niu ◽  
Jidan Liu ◽  
Fangjun Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Mammary Epithelial Cell ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Mammary Epithelial ◽  
Protein Expressions ◽  
Epithelial Cell Apoptosis ◽  
Epidermal Growth ◽  
Apoptosis And Inflammation ◽  
Anti Inflammation

The health of mammary gland is essential for lactation. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is reported to play an important role in lactation initiation and miR-223 is a conserved microRNA in anti-inflammation. In this study, EGF was found to induce a higher expression of miR-223 in goat mammary epithelial cell (gMEC). The downstream genes of miR-223 were screened by RNA sequencing, including Interferon-stimulated gene product 15 (ISG15), a pivotal immune responder, which was detected to be downregulated by EGF and miR-223. Due to the correlation between inflammation and apoptosis, the gMEC apoptosis modulated by EGF, miR-223, and ISG15 was investigated, and the protein expressions of Bcl-2/Bax, Caspase 3 and p53 were examined to evaluate the apoptosis of gMEC. The protein expressions of p-STAT3/STAT3, PR, FOXC1, and HOXA10, which had been shown to be related to inflammation, were detected to assess the inflammation of gMEC. This study provided a regulation axis, EGF/miR-223/ISG15, and illustrated its regulation to gMEC apoptosis and inflammation.

scholarly journals The bovine mammary gland expresses multiple functional isoforms of serotonin receptors

2009 ◽  
Vol 203 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura L Hernandez ◽  
Sean W Limesand ◽  
Jayne L Collier ◽  
Nelson D Horseman ◽  
Robert J Collier
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Mammary Epithelial Cell ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Mammary Epithelial ◽  
Bovine Mammary Gland ◽  
Functional Activities ◽  
Receptor Isoforms ◽  
Human And Mouse

Recent studies in dairy cows have demonstrated that serotonergic ligands affect milk yield and composition. Correspondingly, serotonin (5-HT) has been demonstrated to be an important local regulator of lactational homeostasis and involution in mouse and human mammary cells. We determined the mRNA expression of bovine 5-HT receptor (HTR) subtypes in bovine mammary tissue (BMT) and used pharmacological agents to evaluate functional activities of 5-HT receptors. The mRNAs for five receptor isoforms (HTR1B, 2A, 2B, 4, and 7) were identified by conventional real-time (RT)-PCR, RT quantitative PCR, and in situ hybridization in BMT. In addition to luminal mammary epithelial cell expression, HTR4 was expressed in myoepithelium, and HTR1B, 2A, and 2B were expressed in small mammary blood vessels. Serotonin suppressed milk protein mRNA expression (α-lactalbumin and β-casein mRNA) in lactogen-treated primary bovine mammary epithelial cell (BMEC) cultures. To probe the functional activities of individual receptors, caspase-3 activity and expression of α-lactalbumin and β-casein were measured. Both SB22489 (1B antagonist) and ritanserin (2A antagonist) increased caspase-3 activity. Expression of α-lactalbumin and β-casein mRNA levels in BMEC were stimulated by low concentrations of SB224289, ritanserin, or pimozide. These results demonstrate that there are multiple 5-HT receptor isoforms in the bovine mammary gland, and point to profound differences between serotonergic systems of the bovine mammary gland and the human and mouse mammary glands. Whereas human and mouse mammary epithelial cells express predominately the protein for the 5-HT7 receptor, cow mammary epithelium expresses multiple receptors that have overlapping, but not identical, functional activities.

miR-224 Affects Mammary Epithelial Cell Apoptosis and Triglyceride Production by Downregulating ACADM and ALDH2 Genes

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Binglei Shen ◽  
Qiqi Pan ◽  
Yuwei Yang ◽  
Yan Gao ◽  
Xin Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Cell Apoptosis ◽  
Mammary Epithelial Cell ◽  
Mammary Epithelial ◽  
Epithelial Cell Apoptosis

Nulliparous CCAAT/Enhancer Binding Proteinδ (C/EBPδ) Knockout Mice Exhibit Mammary Gland Ductal Hyperlasia

2003 ◽  
Vol 228 (3) ◽  
pp. 278-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew P. Gigliotti ◽  
Peter F. Johnson ◽  
Esta Sterneck ◽  
James W. DeWille
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Cell Growth ◽  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Mammary Epithelial Cell ◽  
Mammary Epithelial Cells ◽  
Growth Control ◽  
Mammary Epithelial ◽  
Estrus Cycle ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cell Growth Control

CCAAT/Enhancer binding proteins (C/EBPs) are a family of nuclear proteins that function in the control of cell growth, death, and differentiation. We previously reported that C/EBPδ plays a key role in mammary epithelial cell G0 growth arrest. In this report, we investigated the role of C/EBPδ in mammary gland development and function using female mice homozygous for a targeted deletion of C/EBPδ (C/EBPδ –/–). C/EBPδ –/– females develop normally and exhibit normal reproductive and lactational performance. Adult nulliparous C/EBPδ –/– females, however, exhibit mammary epithelial cell growth control defects. The mean number of mammary ductal branches is significantly higher in adult nulliparous C/EBPδ –/– females compared with C/EBPδ +/+ (wild-type control) females (66.8 ± 5.2 vs 42.9 * 6.3 branch points/field, P < 0.01). In addition, the mean total mammary gland cellular volume occupied by epithelium is significantly higher in adult nulliparous C/EBPδ –/– females compared with C/EBPδ +/+ controls (29.0± 1.4 vs 20.4 ± 1.3, P < 0.001). Our results showed that the BrdU labeling index was significantly higher in mammary epithelial cells from nulliparous C/EBPδ –/– females compared with C/EBPδ +/+ controls during the proestrus/estrus (4.55 ± 0.70 vs 2.14 ± 0.43, P < 0.01) and metestrus/diestrus (6.92 ± 0.75 vs 3.98 ± 0.43 P < 0.01) phases of the estrus cycle. In contrast, the percentage of mammary epithelial cells undergoing apoptosis during both phases of the estrus cycle did not differ between C/EBPδ –/– and C/EBPδ +/+ females. The increased epithelial cell content and proliferative capacity was restricted to the nulliparous C/EBPδ –/– females as no differences in mammary gland morphology, ductal branching or total epithelial content were observed between multiparous C/EBPδ –/– and C/EBPδ +/+ females. These results demonstrate that C/EBPδ plays a novel role in mammary epithelial cell growth control that appears to be restricted to the nulliparous mammary gland.

scholarly journals The interplay of matrix metalloproteinases, morphogens and growth factors is necessary for branching of mammary epithelial cells

Development ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 128 (16) ◽  
pp. 3117-3131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Simian ◽  
Yohei Hirai ◽  
Marc Navre ◽  
Zena Werb ◽  
Andre Lochter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Growth Factors ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor ◽  
Mammary Epithelial Cell ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Branching Morphogenesis ◽  
Mammary Epithelial ◽  
Fibroblast Growth

The mammary gland develops its adult form by a process referred to as branching morphogenesis. Many factors have been reported to affect this process. We have used cultured primary mammary epithelial organoids and mammary epithelial cell lines in three-dimensional collagen gels to elucidate which growth factors, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and mammary morphogens interact in branching morphogenesis. Branching stimulated by stromal fibroblasts, epidermal growth factor, fibroblast growth factor 7, fibroblast growth factor 2 and hepatocyte growth factor was strongly reduced by inhibitors of MMPs, indicating the requirement of MMPs for three-dimensional growth involved in morphogenesis. Recombinant stromelysin 1/MMP3 alone was sufficient to drive branching in the absence of growth factors in the organoids. Plasmin also stimulated branching; however, plasmin-dependent branching was abolished by both inhibitors of plasmin and MMPs, suggesting that plasmin activates MMPs. To differentiate between signals for proliferation and morphogenesis, we used a cloned mammary epithelial cell line that lacks epimorphin, an essential mammary morphogen. Both epimorphin and MMPs were required for morphogenesis, but neither was required for epithelial cell proliferation. These results provide direct evidence for a crucial role of MMPs in branching in mammary epithelium and suggest that, in addition to epimorphin, MMP activity is a minimum requirement for branching morphogenesis in the mammary gland.

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