scholarly journals Obesity Inhibits Angiogenesis Through TWIST1-SLIT2 Signaling

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tendai Hunyenyiwa ◽  
Kathryn Hendee ◽  
Kienna Matus ◽  
Priscilla Kyi ◽  
Tadanori Mammoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cell Migration ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Adipose Tissues ◽  
Blood Vessel Formation ◽  
Obese Human ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Angiogenesis is required for functional adipose tissue maintenance, remodeling, and expansion. Physiologically balanced adipogenesis and angiogenesis are inhibited in subcutaneous adipose tissue in obese humans. However, the mechanism by which angiogenesis is inhibited in obese adipose tissue is not fully understood. Transcription factor TWIST1 controls angiogenesis and vascular function. TWIST1 expression is lower in obese human adipose tissues. Here, we have demonstrated that angiogenesis is inhibited in endothelial cells (ECs) isolated from adipose tissues of obese humans through TWIST1-SLIT2 signaling. The levels of TWIST1 and SLIT2 are lower in ECs isolated from obese human adipose tissues compared to those from lean tissues. Knockdown of TWIST1 in lean human adipose ECs decreases, while overexpression of TWIST1 in obese adipose ECs restores SLIT2 expression. DNA synthesis and cell migration are inhibited in obese adipose ECs and the effects are restored by TWIST1 overexpression. Obese adipose ECs also inhibit blood vessel formation in the gel subcutaneously implanted in mice, while these effects are restored when gels are mixed with SLIT2 or supplemented with ECs overexpressing TWIST1. These findings suggest that obesity impairs adipose tissue angiogenesis through TWIST1-SLIT2 signaling.

scholarly journals Increased expression of eNOS protein in omental versus subcutaneous adipose tissue in obese human subjects

2001 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 811-815 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Rydén ◽  
M Elizalde ◽  
V van Harmelen ◽  
A Öhlund ◽  
J Hoffstedt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Obese Human ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose ◽  
Enos Protein

scholarly journals Functional Characterization of Preadipocytes Derived from Human Periaortic Adipose Tissue

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Vargas ◽  
Jaime Camacho ◽  
Juan Duque ◽  
Marisol Carreño ◽  
Edward Acero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Myocardial Revascularization ◽  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
Adipose Tissues ◽  
Replacement Surgery ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Adipose tissue can affect the metabolic control of the cardiovascular system, and its anatomic location can affect the vascular function differently. In this study, biochemical and phenotypical characteristics of adipose tissue from periaortic fat were evaluated. Periaortic and subcutaneous adipose tissues were obtained from areas surrounding the ascending aorta and sternotomy incision, respectively. Adipose tissues were collected from patients undergoing myocardial revascularization or mitral valve replacement surgery. Morphological studies with hematoxylin/eosin and immunohistochemical assay were performed in situ to quantify adipokine expression. To analyze adipogenic capacity, adipokine expression, and the levels of thermogenic proteins, adipocyte precursor cells were isolated from periaortic and subcutaneous adipose tissues and induced to differentiation. The precursors of adipocytes from the periaortic tissue accumulated less triglycerides than those from the subcutaneous tissue after differentiation and were smaller than those from subcutaneous adipose tissue. The levels of proteins involved in thermogenesis and energy expenditure increased significantly in periaortic adipose tissue. Additionally, the expression levels of adipokines that affect carbohydrate metabolism, such as FGF21, increased significantly in mature adipocytes induced from periaortic adipose tissue. These results demonstrate that precursors of periaortic adipose tissue in humans may affect cardiovascular events and might serve as a target for preventing vascular diseases.

Pre- and postnatal study of the carcass growth of sheep 1. Growth of dissectable fat and its chemical components

1980 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. E. Broad ◽  
A. S. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Internal Cavity ◽  
Adipose Tissues ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Acid Protein ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

ABSTRACTTwenty-four prenatal (15 female), and 15 postnatal female Romney sheep, comprising a weight range from 3g to 60 kg, were dissected into their major carcass tissues. Adipose tissue was not dissectable from foetuses aged less than 80 days. The growth rates of the dissected adipose tissues and their chemical components, deoxyribonucleic acid, protein, and total lipid subdivided into phospholipid, cholesterol and triglyceride, were compared relative to the growth of the total carcass wet weight. Total side (half-carcass) adipose tissue grew at a rate substantially greater than total carcass weight. The subcutaneous adipose tissue of the forequarter grew at the fastest rate while that from the shoulder, sternum and internal cavity of the forequarter grew slowest, at rates which were not significantly different from that of the carcass. Of the chemical components, triglyceride and cholesterol grew at the fastest rate, deoxyribonucleic acid grew at the slowest rate, and phospholipid and protein grew at intermediate rates; all grew faster than the carcass. Predictions were made of the distribution of triglyceride in the carcass of the sheep at different stages of growth.

scholarly journals Inflammation-related oxidative stress in white adipose tissues of an inbred obese pig

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 433-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. F. Yang ◽  
Z. Y. Jiang ◽  
Z. M. Tian ◽  
Y. Q. Qiu ◽  
L. Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Uneven Development ◽  
Adipose Tissues ◽  
Antioxidant Genes ◽  
Inflammatory Status ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Abstract The uneven development of adipose tissues reflects a differential occurrence of biological events in vivo while the underlying molecular mechanism remains largely unknown. In the present study, the in vivo inflammatory status of an inbred obese porcine model, Lantang pig, was assessed, aiming to provide evidence for obesity biology. Compared with genetically lean pigs (crossbred, Duroc × Landrace × Large White), Lantang pigs exhibited a larger amount of ultra large adipocytes in subcutaneous adipose tissue accompanied with higher expression of macrophage/monocytes markers and pro-inflammatory genes (TLR4, CD14, CD11β, MCP1, TNFα, IL1β and IL6) and lower expression of cellular antioxidant enzymes (SOD1, 2 and 3). Plasma concentrations of LPS and TNF-α were also higher in Lantang pigs than in lean pigs. Among adipose tissues of Lantang pigs, the subcutaneous tissue had the most abundant expression of inflammation related genes (TLR4, CD14, TNFα and IL6) and the lowest level of cellular antioxidant genes (SOD 1 and 2), while the perirenal adipose tissue had opposite profile. Significant activation of p38 MAPK pathway was indicated by increased phosphorylation of p38 in the subcutaneous adipose tissue of Lantang pigs. Collectively, the bacteria-derived LPS induced inflammation-associated oxidative stress indeed exists in adipose tissues of Lantang pig, and the differential expressions of inflammatory and antioxidant genes, to some extent, account for the uneven development of the adipose tissue within bodies.

In vivo human lipolytic activity in preperitoneal and subdivisions of subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue

2001 ◽  
Vol 281 (5) ◽  
pp. E1110-E1114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lotte H. Enevoldsen ◽  
Lene Simonsen ◽  
Bente Stallknecht ◽  
Henrik Galbo ◽  
Jens Bülow
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Abdominal Wall ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Lipolytic Activity ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Round Ligament ◽  
Epinephrine Infusion ◽  
Adipose Tissues ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

We studied eight normal-weight male subjects to examine whether the lipolytic rate of deep subcutaneous and preperitoneal adipose tissues differs from that of superficial abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue. The lipolytic rates in the superficial anterior and deep posterior subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissues and in the preperitoneal adipose tissue in the round ligament were measured by microdialysis and 133Xe washout under basal, postabsorptive conditions and during intravenous epinephrine infusion (0.15 nmol · kg−1 · min−1). Both in the basal state and during epinephrine stimulation, the superficial subcutaneous adipose tissue had higher interstitial glycerol concentrations than the two other depots. Similarly, the calculated glycerol outputs from the superficial depot were significantly higher than those from the deep subcutaneous and the preperitoneal depots. Thus, it is concluded that the lipolytic rate of the superficial subcutaneous adipose tissue on the anterior abdominal wall is higher than that of the deep subcutaneous adipose tissue on the posterior abdominal wall and that of the preperitoneal adipose tissue in the round ligament.

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