scholarly journals Carbon Anode Materials for Rechargeable Alkali Metal Ion Batteries and in-situ Characterization Techniques

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruida Ding ◽  
Yalan Huang ◽  
Guangxing Li ◽  
Qin Liao ◽  
Tao Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Carbon Material ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Carbon Materials ◽  
Specific Capacity ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Working Mechanism ◽  
Active Materials

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), used for energy supply and storage equipment, have been widely applied in consumer electronics, electric vehicles, and energy storage systems. However, the urgent demand for high energy density batteries and the shortage of lithium resources is driving scientists to develop high-performance materials and find alternatives. Low-volume expansion carbon material is the ideal choice of anode material. However, the low specific capacity has gradually become the shortcoming for the development of LIBs and thus developing new carbon material with high specific capacity is urgently needed. In addition, developing alternatives of LIBs, such as sodium ion batteries and potassium-ion batteries, also puts forward demands for new types of carbon materials. As is well-known, the design of high-performance electrodes requires a deep understanding on the working mechanism and the structural evolution of active materials. On this issue, ex-situ techniques have been widely applied to investigate the electrode materials under special working conditions, and provide a lot of information. Unfortunately, these observed phenomena are difficult to reflect the reaction under real working conditions and some important short-lived intermediate products cannot be captured, leading to an incomplete understanding of the working mechanism. In-situ techniques can observe the changes of active materials in operando during the charge/discharge processes, providing the concrete process of solid electrolyte formation, ions intercalation mechanism, structural evolutions, etc. Herein, this review aims to provide an overview on the characters of carbon materials in alkali ion batteries and the role of in-situ techniques in developing carbon materials.

An in-situ catalytic-insoluble strategy enabled by sulfurized polyacrylonitrile-based composite cathode for potassium–sulfur batteries

2021 ◽  
pp. 2143003
Author(s):  
Xiaomin Yuan ◽  
Bo Zhu ◽  
Jinkui Feng ◽  
Chengguo Wang ◽  
Xun Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Metal Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Specific Capacity ◽  
Reversible Capacity ◽  
Composite Cathode ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Host Materials ◽  
Catalytic Kinetics ◽  
One Step

Owing to the insoluble organosulfur mechanism and stable cycling life, sulfurized polyacrylonitrile (SPAN) developed as a promising cathode material for high-energy potassium–sulfur batteries (KSBs). However, it is yet a major challenge to achieve fast catalytic kinetics and high reversible capacity in SPAN-based cathodes. Here, one-step electrospun SPAN nanofibers embedded with Fe[Formula: see text]Nb[Formula: see text]O metal oxide nanoparticles (FeNb@SPAN) have been successfully developed to construct sulfur electrodes with high electrochemical activity, high sulfur utilization, and high cycling stability. The as-prepared freestanding FeNb@SPAN composite cathode, which featuring interwoven nanofibers with Fe[Formula: see text]Nb[Formula: see text]O nanoparticles homogeneously implanted, possesses high storage space for volume expansion and suppresses polysulfide dissolution during potassiation/depotassiation. Benefiting from its unique structure and composition in electrode design, the FeNb@SPAN cathode is endowed with outstanding energy storage performances with a high initial specific capacity of 776 mAh [Formula: see text] g[Formula: see text] under 50 mA [Formula: see text] g[Formula: see text] and an excellent cycling capability of 201 mAh [Formula: see text] g[Formula: see text] after 80 charge/discharge processes. This work heralds a feasible strategy toward SPAN-based sulfur host materials in the structural design of next-generation high-performance cathode materials for KSBs and other metal–sulfur batteries.

Transmission Electron Microscopy of Epitaxial silicides grown by ultra high vacuum deposition

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 462-463
Author(s):  
D. Loretto ◽  
J. M. Gibson ◽  
S. M. Yalisove
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electron Diffraction ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Energy Electron ◽  
Ultra High Vacuum ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Transmission Electron

The silicides CoSi2 and NiSi2 are both metallic with the fee flourite structure and lattice constants which are close to silicon (1.2% and 0.6% smaller at room temperature respectively) Consequently epitaxial cobalt and nickel disilicide can be grown on silicon. If these layers are formed by ultra high vacuum (UHV) deposition (also known as molecular beam epitaxy or MBE) their thickness can be controlled to within a few monolayers. Such ultrathin metal/silicon systems have many potential applications: for example electronic devices based on ballistic transport. They also provide a model system to study the properties of heterointerfaces. In this work we will discuss results obtained using in situ and ex situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM).In situ TEM is suited to the study of MBE growth for several reasons. It offers high spatial resolution and the ability to penetrate many monolayers of material. This is in contrast to the techniques which are usually employed for in situ measurements in MBE, for example low energy electron diffraction (LEED) and reflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED), which are both sensitive to only a few monolayers at the surface.

scholarly journals Efficient Catalytic Conversion of Polysulfides by Biomimetic Design of “Branch-Leaf” Electrode for High-Energy Sodium–Sulfur Batteries

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenyan Du ◽  
Kangqi Shen ◽  
Yuruo Qi ◽  
Wei Gao ◽  
Mengli Tao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Active Sites ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Electrochemical Reaction ◽  
Molecular Layer ◽  
Specific Capacity ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Biomimetic Design ◽  
Co Nanoparticles ◽  
Sodium Sulfur

AbstractRechargeable room temperature sodium–sulfur (RT Na–S) batteries are seriously limited by low sulfur utilization and sluggish electrochemical reaction activity of polysulfide intermediates. Herein, a 3D “branch-leaf” biomimetic design proposed for high performance Na–S batteries, where the leaves constructed from Co nanoparticles on carbon nanofibers (CNF) are fully to expose the active sites of Co. The CNF network acts as conductive “branches” to ensure adequate electron and electrolyte supply for the Co leaves. As an effective electrocatalytic battery system, the 3D “branch-leaf” conductive network with abundant active sites and voids can effectively trap polysulfides and provide plentiful electron/ions pathways for electrochemical reaction. DFT calculation reveals that the Co nanoparticles can induce the formation of a unique Co–S–Na molecular layer on the Co surface, which can enable a fast reduction reaction of the polysulfides. Therefore, the prepared “branch-leaf” CNF-L@Co/S electrode exhibits a high initial specific capacity of 1201 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C and superior rate performance.

Vacancies-engineered MoO3 and Na+-preinserted MnO2 in-situ grown N-doped graphene nanotubes as electrode materials for high-performance asymmetric supercapacitor

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Zhao ◽  
He Cheng ◽  
Huanyu Li ◽  
Yan-Jie Wang ◽  
Qingyan Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Cooperative Effect ◽  
Electrochemical Energy Storage ◽  
Asymmetric Supercapacitor ◽  
Asymmetric Supercapacitors ◽  
Doped Graphene ◽  
Power Densities

Developing advanced negative and positive electrode materials for asymmetric supercapacitors (ASCs) as the electrochemical energy storage can enable the device to reach high energy/power densities resulting from the cooperative effect...

In situ preparation of MgCo2O4 nanosheets on Ni-foam as a binder-free electrode for high performance hybrid supercapacitors

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (19) ◽  
pp. 6722-6728 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subbukalai Vijayakumar ◽  
Sadayappan Nagamuthu ◽  
Kwang-Sun Ryu
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Specific Capacity ◽  
Ni Foam ◽  
Hybrid Supercapacitors ◽  
In Situ Preparation ◽  
Binder Free

MgCo2O4 nanosheets grown on Ni-foam exhibited a maximum specific capacity of 947 C g−1 at 2 A g−1.

Rapid in situ growth of β-Ni(OH)2 nanosheet arrays on nickel foam as an integrated electrode for supercapacitors exhibiting high energy density

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (15) ◽  
pp. 4956-4966 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingbo Li ◽  
Yu Liu ◽  
Wei Cao ◽  
Nan Chen
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Nickel Foam ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
In Situ Growth ◽  
Nanosheet Arrays

A rapid in situ method was employed to synthesize the β-Ni(OH)2@NF integrated electrode for a high performance ASC device.

scholarly journals Nitrogen-rich covalent organic frameworks with multiple carbonyls for high-performance sodium batteries

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruijuan Shi ◽  
Luojia Liu ◽  
Yong Lu ◽  
Chenchen Wang ◽  
Yixin Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Density Functional ◽  
Specific Capacity ◽  
Density Functional Theory Calculations ◽  
Rechargeable Batteries ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Covalent Organic Frameworks ◽  
Rate Performance ◽  
Practical Applications

AbstractCovalent organic frameworks with designable periodic skeletons and ordered nanopores have attracted increasing attention as promising cathode materials for rechargeable batteries. However, the reported cathodes are plagued by limited capacity and unsatisfying rate performance. Here we report a honeycomb-like nitrogen-rich covalent organic framework with multiple carbonyls. The sodium storage ability of pyrazines and carbonyls and the up-to twelve sodium-ion redox chemistry mechanism for each repetitive unit have been demonstrated by in/ex-situ Fourier transform infrared spectra and density functional theory calculations. The insoluble electrode exhibits a remarkably high specific capacity of 452.0 mAh g−1, excellent cycling stability (~96% capacity retention after 1000 cycles) and high rate performance (134.3 mAh g−1 at 10.0 A g−1). Furthermore, a pouch-type battery is assembled, displaying the gravimetric and volumetric energy density of 101.1 Wh kg−1cell and 78.5 Wh L−1cell, respectively, indicating potentially practical applications of conjugated polymers in rechargeable batteries.

scholarly journals Superior Pseudocapacitive Storage of a Novel Ni3Si2/NiOOH/Graphene Nanostructure for an All-Solid-State Supercapacitor

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Ning ◽  
Maoyang Xia ◽  
Dong Wang ◽  
Xin Feng ◽  
Hong Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Specific Capacity ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Free Standing

Abstract Recent developments in the synthesis of graphene-based structures focus on continuous improvement of porous nanostructures, doping of thin films, and mechanisms for the construction of three-dimensional architectures. Herein, we synthesize creeper-like Ni3Si2/NiOOH/graphene nanostructures via low-pressure all-solid melting-reconstruction chemical vapor deposition. In a carbon-rich atmosphere, high-energy atoms bombard the Ni and Si surface, and reduce the free energy in the thermodynamic equilibrium of solid Ni–Si particles, considerably catalyzing the growth of Ni–Si nanocrystals. By controlling the carbon source content, a Ni3Si2 single crystal with high crystallinity and good homogeneity is stably synthesized. Electrochemical measurements indicate that the nanostructures exhibit an ultrahigh specific capacity of 835.3 C g−1 (1193.28 F g−1) at 1 A g−1; when integrated as an all-solid-state supercapacitor, it provides a remarkable energy density as high as 25.9 Wh kg−1 at 750 W kg−1, which can be attributed to the free-standing Ni3Si2/graphene skeleton providing a large specific area and NiOOH inhibits insulation on the electrode surface in an alkaline solution, thereby accelerating the electron exchange rate. The growth of the high-performance composite nanostructure is simple and controllable, enabling the large-scale production and application of microenergy storage devices.

Fast lithium-ion storage of Nb2O5 nanocrystals in situ grown on carbon nanotubes for high-performance asymmetric supercapacitors

RSC Advances ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (51) ◽  
pp. 41179-41185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaolei Wang ◽  
Ge Li ◽  
Ricky Tjandra ◽  
Xingye Fan ◽  
Xingcheng Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Rate Capability ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Asymmetric Supercapacitors ◽  
Ion Storage ◽  
Energy And Power Density

Nanocomposites of Nb2O5 NCs in situ grown on CNTs are successfully developed with excellent rate capability, leading to the successful fabrication of asymmetric supercapacitors with high energy and power density and long-term cycling stability.

PHASE FORMATION AND TEXTURE DEVELOPMENT IN AG-SHEATHED Bi, Pb(2223) TAPES STUDIED BY DIFFERENT IN-SITU AND EX-SITU DIFFRACTION TECHNIQUES

2000 ◽  
Vol 14 (25n27) ◽  
pp. 2688-2693 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. GIANNINI ◽  
E. BELLINGERI ◽  
F. MARTI ◽  
M. DHALLÉ ◽  
V. HONKIMÄKI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Energy ◽  
Texture Development ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scattering Geometry ◽  
Reflection Geometry ◽  
Comparison Of The Results ◽  
In Situ Neutron Diffraction

In-situ and ex-situ high energy (80÷88 keV) X-Ray diffraction from a synchrotron radiation source were performed on multifilamentary Bi, Pb(2223)/Ag tapes using a transmission scattering geometry. Several thermo-mechanical procedures were compared, focusing mainly on the texture development of both Bi, Pb(2212) and Bi, Pb(2223) phases. The effect of the periodic pressing on the texture and on the critical current is elucidated. The texture development of the Bi, Pb(2212) phase prior to its transformation into Bi, Pb(2223) was directly observed in-situ at high temperature by using a dedicated high-energy X-ray compatible furnace and a high resolution Image Plate detector. A sharp increase of the Bi, Pb(2212) grain orientation along the [00l] direction was found to occur only above 750°C. Normal state transport measurements are in full agreement with the formation mechanism and with the texture development observed. A comparison of the results with the ones provided by in-situ neutron diffraction and standard low-energy XRD in a reflection geometry is presented.

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