scholarly journals Two New Diterpenoids from Biscogniauxia sp. and Their Activities

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huan Zhao ◽  
Yue Liu ◽  
Meng Zhang ◽  
Guo-dong Chen ◽  
Dan Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Chemical Shifts ◽  
Cytotoxic Activities ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Memory Enhancement ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
X Ray Crystallography ◽  
Spectroscopic Analyses

Two new diterpenoids, including a seco-isopimarane type (1) and an abietane type (2), were isolated from Biscogniauxia sp. (71-10-1-1). Their structures, including absolute configurations, were elucidated by NMR spectroscopic analyses, X-ray crystallography, 13C chemical shifts calculations, and ECD calculations. This is the first report of diterpenoids from Biscogniauxia sp. Furthermore, short-term memory enhancement against Alzheimer’s disease (AD), anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxic activities of 1–2 were also evaluated. The results showed that compound 1 exhibited short-term memory enhancement activity against AD.

scholarly journals Effect of short-term memory and working memory in diabetes with comorbidities condition

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 5367-5372
Author(s):  
Anand Vijayakumar P R ◽  
Seema A ◽  
Kokul Rajan P
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Hippocampal Sclerosis ◽  
Diabetes Patient ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Short Period

Cognitive function refers to the ability of humans to function normally which includes physical as well as mental interpretation like ability to focus, concentrate, learn, plan, determine, execute, manipulate and problem solving. Etiologic of cognitive dysfunction includes AD, depression, anxiety and vascular dementia, hippocampal sclerosis etc., Diabetes associated with cognitive decline are related to short fall of learning and memory. Cognitive impairment/dysfunction in diabetic patients has been divided into three stages, stage one, stage two and stage three. Stage one, occur in all groups of different ages and it is characterized by mild and subtle changes in cognition. Deficit in short-term memory and working memory leads to major problems like Alzheimer disease and dementia. The pathophysiology of cognitive decline associated involves microvascular injury, hyperglycaemia, insulin resistance and oxidative stress. Diabetes associated with comorbidities condition leads to decrease in short-term memory and working memory. From this review we observed short term memory retains small amount of data in cognizance which are readily available state for short period of time whereas working memory manipulates the information through visual and auditory storage and it is important in understanding and improving the memory. Conclusion of this review is that, there is a decrease in short-term memory and working memory in type 2 diabetes patient condition. But there is no evidence of which type comorbidity condition affects more in short-term memory and working memory. So, further research study to be carried out.

scholarly journals Short-Long Heart Rate Variation Increases Dispersion of Action Potential Duration in Long QT Type 2 Transgenic Rabbit Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tae Yun Kim ◽  
Paul Jeng ◽  
JungMin Hwang ◽  
Zachary Pfeiffer ◽  
Divyang Patel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia ◽  
Rate Variation ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Long Qt ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Transgenic Rabbit ◽  
Cycle Lengths

Abstract The initiation of polymorphic ventricular tachycardia in long QT syndrome type 2 (LQT2) has been associated with a characteristic ECG pattern of short-long RR intervals. We hypothesize that this characteristic pattern increases APD dispersion in LQT2, thereby promoting arrhythmia. We investigated APD dispersion and its dependence on two previous cycle lengths (CLs) in transgenic rabbit models of LQT2, LQT1, and their littermate controls (LMC) using random stimulation protocols. The results show that the short-long RR pattern was associated with a larger APD dispersion in LQT2 but not in LQT1 rabbits. The multivariate analyses of APD as a function of two previous CLs (APDn = C + α1CLn−1 + α2CLn−2) showed that α1 (APD restitution slope) is largest and heterogeneous in LQT2 but uniform in LQT1, enhancing APD dispersion under long CLn−1 in LQT2. The α2 (short-term memory) was negative in LQT2 while positive in LQT1, and the spatial pattern of α1 was inversely correlated to α2 in LQT2, which explains why a short-long combination causes a larger APD dispersion in LQT2 but not in LQT1 rabbits. In conclusion, short-long RR pattern increased APD dispersion only in LQT2 rabbits through heterogeneous APD restitution and the short-term memory, underscoring the genotype-specific triggering of arrhythmias in LQT syndrome.

An Agent-Based Model for the Role of Short-Term Memory Enhancement in the Emergence of Grammatical Agreement

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-127
Author(s):  
Javier Vera
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Language Evolution ◽  
Language Game ◽  
Memory Capacity ◽  
Language Games ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Memory Enhancement ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Grammatical Agreement ◽  
Multi Agent

What is the influence of short-term memory enhancement on the emergence of grammatical agreement systems in multi-agent language games? Agreement systems suppose that at least two words share some features with each other, such as gender, number, or case. Previous work, within the multi-agent language-game framework, has recently proposed models stressing the hypothesis that the emergence of a grammatical agreement system arises from the minimization of semantic ambiguity. On the other hand, neurobiological evidence argues for the hypothesis that language evolution has mainly related to an increasing of short-term memory capacity, which has allowed the online manipulation of words and meanings participating particularly in grammatical agreement systems. Here, the main aim is to propose a multi-agent language game for the emergence of a grammatical agreement system, under measurable long-range relations depending on the short-term memory capacity. Computer simulations, based on a parameter that measures the amount of short-term memory capacity, suggest that agreement marker systems arise in a population of agents equipped at least with a critical short-term memory capacity.

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