scholarly journals Systemic and Extraradicular Bacterial Translocation in Apical Periodontitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
María José Bordagaray ◽  
Alejandra Fernández ◽  
Mauricio Garrido ◽  
Jessica Astorga ◽  
Anilei Hoare ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Porphyromonas Gingivalis ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Apical Periodontitis ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Blood Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Apical Lesions ◽  
Total Bacteria

Apical periodontitis is an inflammatory disease of microbial etiology. It has been suggested that endodontic bacterial DNA might translocate to distant organs via blood vessels, but no studies have been conducted. We aimed first to explore overall extraradicular infection, as well as specifically by Porphyromonas spp; and their potential to translocate from infected root canals to blood through peripheral blood mononuclear cells. In this cross-sectional study, healthy individuals with and without a diagnosis of apical periodontitis with an associated apical lesion of endodontic origin (both, symptomatic and asymptomatic) were included. Apical lesions (N=64) were collected from volunteers with an indication of tooth extraction. Intracanal samples (N=39) and respective peripheral blood mononuclear cells from apical periodontitis (n=14) individuals with an indication of endodontic treatment, as well as from healthy individuals (n=14) were collected. The detection frequencies and loads (DNA copies/mg or DNA copies/μL) of total bacteria, Porphyromonas endodontalis and Porphyromonas gingivalis were measured by qPCR. In apical lesions, the detection frequencies (%) and median bacterial loads (DNA copies/mg) respectively were 70.8% and 4521.6 for total bacteria; 21.5% and 1789.7 for Porphyromonas endodontalis; and 18.4% and 1493.9 for Porphyromonas gingivalis. In intracanal exudates, the detection frequencies and median bacterial loads respectively were 100% and 21089.2 (DNA copies/μL) for total bacteria, 41% and 8263.9 for Porphyromonas endodontalis; and 20.5%, median 12538.9 for Porphyromonas gingivalis. Finally, bacteria were detected in all samples of peripheral blood mononuclear cells including apical periodontitis and healthy groups, though total bacterial loads (median DNA copies/μL) were significantly higher in apical periodontitis (953.6) compared to controls (300.7), p<0.05. Porphyromonas endodontalis was equally detected in both groups (50%), but its bacterial load tended to be higher in apical periodontitis (262.3) than controls (158.8), p>0.05; Porphyromonas gingivalis was not detected. Bacteria and specifically Porphyromonas spp. were frequently detected in endodontic canals and apical lesions. Also, total bacteria and Porphyromonas endodontalis DNA were detected in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, supporting their plausible role in bacterial systemic translocation.

Probiotic supplement consumption alters cytokine production from peripheral blood mononuclear cells: a preliminary study using healthy individuals

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 313-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.J. Hepburn ◽  
I. Garaiova ◽  
E.A. Williams ◽  
D.R. Michael ◽  
S. Plummer
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Cytokine Production ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Probiotic Supplementation ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Blood Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Preliminary Study

The objective of this study was to examine the effect of daily probiotic supplementation upon the immune profile of healthy participants by the assessment of ex vivo cytokine production. Twenty healthy adult volunteers received a multi-strain probiotic supplement consisting of two strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus (CUL60 and CUL21), Bifidobacterium lactis (CUL34) and Bifidobacterium bifidum (CUL20) and fructooligosaccharide for 12 weeks. Blood samples were collected at baseline, 6 and 12 weeks. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated and cultured ex vivo in the presence or absence of lipopolysaccharide and cytokine production was assessed. Postintervention, a significant decrease in the production of interleukin-6 and interleukin-1β was apparent when PBMCs were incubated in the presence of lipopolysaccharide, whilst a significant increase in IL-10 and transforning growth factor-β production was seen when the cells were incubated without an additional stimulus. This preliminary study demonstrates the potential of a multi-strain probiotic supplement to alter the immune response as demonstrated by changes in ex vivo cytokine production. Such results demonstrate the potential benefit of probiotic supplementation for healthy individuals and warrants further investigation.

scholarly journals MicroRNA expression profiling of peripheral blood mononuclear cells associated with syphilis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Huang ◽  
Jun Zhang ◽  
Wujian Ke ◽  
Xiaohui Zhang ◽  
Wentao Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Treponema Pallidum ◽  
Target Sequence ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Blood Mononuclear Cells

Abstract Background Treponema pallidum ( T. pallidum ) infection evokes significant immune responses, resulting in tissue damage. The immune mechanism underlying T. pallidum infection is still unclear, although microRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to influence immune cell function and, consequently, the generation of antibody responses during other microbe infections. However, these mechanisms are unknown for T. pallidum . Methods In this study, we performed a comprehensive analysis of differentially expressed miRNAs in healthy individuals, untreated patients with syphilis, patients in the serofast state, and serologically cured patients. miRNAs were profiled from the peripheral blood of patients obtained at the time of serological diagnosis. Then, both the target sequence analysis of these different miRNAs and pathway analysis were performed to identify important immune and cell signaling pathways. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed for microRNA analysis. Results A total of 89 differentially regulated miRNAs were identified. Following RT-qPCR confirmation, three miRNAs (hsa-miR-195-5p, hsa-miR-223-3p, hsa-miR-589-3p) showed significant differences in the serofast and serologically cured states ( P <0.05). One miRNA (hsa-miR-195-5p) showed significant differences between untreated patients and healthy individuals. Conclusions This is the first study of miRNA expression differences in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in different stages of T. pallium infection. Our study suggests that the combination of three miRNAs has great potential to serve as a non-invasive biomarker of T. pallium infections, which will facilitate better diagnosis and treatment of T. pallium infections.

scholarly journals Simultaneous Detection of 15 Human Cytokines in a Single Sample of Stimulated Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells

2003 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilco de Jager ◽  
Henk te Velthuis ◽  
Berent J. Prakken ◽  
Wietse Kuis ◽  
Ger T. Rijkers
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Human Peripheral Blood ◽  
Simultaneous Detection ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Blood Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Human Cytokines

ABSTRACT Cytokines secreted by cells of the immune system can alter the behavior and properties of immune or other cells. At a site of inflammation, sets of cytokines interact with immune cells, and their combined effect is often more important than the function of one isolated component. Conventional techniques, such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, generally require large quantities of cells to characterize a complete cytokine profile of activated lymphocytes. The Bio-Plex system from Bio-Rad Laboratories combines the principle of a sandwich immunoassay with the Luminex fluorescent-bead-based technology. We developed a multiplex cytokine assay to detect different cytokines simultaneously in culture supernatant of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated with antigen and with mitogen. Fifteen human cytokines (interleukin 1α [IL-1α], IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-15, IL-17, IL-18, gamma interferon, and tumor necrosis factor alpha) were validated with a panel of healthy individuals, rheumatoid arthritis patients, and juvenile idiopathic arthritis patients. Comparing the multiplex assay with a regular enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique with this donor panel resulted in correlation coefficients for all cytokines ranging from 0.75 to 0.99. Intra-assay variance proved to be less then 10%, whereas interassay variability ranged between 10 and 22%. This multiplex system proved to be a powerful tool in the quantitation of cytokines. It will provide a more complete picture in differences between activated lymphocyte cytokine profiles from healthy individuals and those from patients with chronic inflammatory diseases.

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