scholarly journals Late Jurassic Structural Deformation and Late Cenozoic Reactivation of the Southern Junggar Fold-And-Thrust Belt, NW China

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Delong Ma ◽  
Jianying Yuan ◽  
Yanpeng Sun ◽  
Hongbin Wang ◽  
Dengfa He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Jurassic ◽  
Structural Evolution ◽  
Structural Deformation ◽  
Thrust Belt ◽  
Late Cenozoic ◽  
Seismic Profiles ◽  
The North ◽  
Fold And Thrust Belt ◽  
Deformation Features ◽  
Kinematic Analyses

Because of the influence of the far field effect of the collision between Euro-Asian and India plates during the Late Cenozoic, the Tian Shan orogenic belt underwent intense reactivation, forming the Southern Junggar fold-and-thrust belt (SJ-FTB) to the north and the Kuqa fold-and-thrust belt to the south. Most previous research focuses on the deformation features and mechanisms during the Late Cenozoic. However, little research has been done on deformation features and mechanisms during the Late Jurassic. In this paper, we conducted geometric and kinematic analyses of seismic profiles and outcrop data to reveal the Late Jurassic deformation characteristics in SJ-FTB. Furthermore, we carried out sandbox modeling experiments to reproduce the regional structural evolution since the Early Jurassic. Angular unconformity between the Cretaceous and Jurassic is well preserved in the Qigu anticline belt. This unconformity also exists in the Huoerguosi–Manasi–Tugulu (HMT) anticline belt, which is the second fold belt of the SJ-FTB, indicating that the HMT anticline belt started to become active during the Late Jurassic. The Qigu anticline belt reactivated intensively during the Late Cenozoic, and the displacement was transferred to the HMT anticline belt along the Paleogene Anjihaihe Formation mudstone detachment. Therefore, the present-day SJ-FTB forms because of the two-stage compressional deformation from both the Late Jurassic and Late Cenozoic (ca. 24 Ma).

scholarly journals Thrust tectonics in the central part of the External Hellenides, the case of the Gavrovo thrust

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 540
Author(s):  
E. Kamberis ◽  
S. Sotiropoulos ◽  
F. Marnelis ◽  
N. Rigakis
Keyword(s):  
Structural Deformation ◽  
Thrust Belt ◽  
Seismic Profiles ◽  
The West ◽  
Thrust Faulting ◽  
Fold And Thrust Belt ◽  
Thrust Tectonics ◽  
Extensional Faulting ◽  
Surface Geology ◽  
Flat Geometry

Thrust faulting plays an important role in the structural deformation of Gavrovo and Ionian zones in the central part of the ‘External Hellenides’ fold-and-thrust belt. The Skolis mountain in NW Peloponnese as well as the Varassova and Klokova mountains in Etoloakarnania are representative cases of ramp anticlines associated with the Gavrovo thrust. Surface geology, stratigraphic data and interpretation of seismic profiles indicate that it is a crustal-scale thrust acted throughout the Oligocene time. It is characterized by a ramp-flat geometry and significant displacement (greater than 10 km). Out of sequence thrust segmentation is inferred in south Etoloakarnania area. Down flexure and extensional faulting in the Ionian zone facilitated the thrust propagation to the west. The thrust emplacement triggered halokenetic movement of the Triassic evaporites in the Ionian zone as well as diapirisms that were developed in a later stage in the vicinity of the Skolis mountain.

The Oligocene–Miocene tectonic evolution of the northern Outer Carpathian fold-and-thrust belt: insights from compression-and-rotation analogue modelling experiments

2013 ◽  
Vol 150 (6) ◽  
pp. 1062-1084 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARTA RAUCH
Keyword(s):  
Tectonic Evolution ◽  
Structural Evolution ◽  
Suitable Model ◽  
Accretionary Wedge ◽  
Thrust Belt ◽  
Clockwise Rotation ◽  
The North ◽  
Analogue Modelling ◽  
Fold And Thrust Belt ◽  
Outer Carpathians

AbstractThis paper presents the different analogue scenarios of the tectonic evolution of the northern Outer Carpathians (i.e. the Western and northern Eastern Outer Carpathians) which formed as an accretionary wedge in front of the East Alpine–Carpathian–Pannonian (ALCAPA) block during Oligocene–Miocene times. Currently, this fold-and-thrust belt forms an arc which is asymmetrically convex to the north and wider in its eastern part. Palaeomagnetic investigations have suggested that the rocks of the arc underwent counter-clockwise rotation along almost the whole arc, which is difficult to explain as an effect of simple indentation of the triangular indenter. In this case two branches of the arc should be rotated in the opposite directions. The structural evolution of the Western Outer Carpathians is characterized by superposition of two successive tectonic shortening events directed N–S and NE–SW. The results of the presented analogue modelling suggest that two scenarios of the geodynamic evolution of the studied belt could explain the occurrence of such differently oriented shortening events: (1) two phases of differently directed indentation (first to the N, then to the NE) and (2) indenter movement to the NE with simultaneous counter-clockwise rotation. However, the experiment in which the moving indenter is simultaneously rotated produces the most suitable model. The counter-clockwise rotation of the material is only possible in front of both sides of the convex indenter in this model. The results of the analogue modelling also prove that rotation of the ALCAPA block started after formation of the Magura nappe (the innermost nappe of the Western Outer Carpathians).

Spatio-temporal structural evolution of the Kohat fold and thrust belt of Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 145 ◽  
pp. 104310
Author(s):  
Humaad Ghani ◽  
Edward R. Sobel ◽  
Gerold Zeilinger ◽  
Johannes Glodny ◽  
Irum Irum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Evolution ◽  
Thrust Belt ◽  
Fold And Thrust Belt ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Early Sevier orogenic deformation exerted principal control on changes in depositional environment recorded by the Cretaceous Newark Canyon Formation

2020 ◽  
Vol 90 (9) ◽  
pp. 1175-1197
Author(s):  
Anne C. Fetrow ◽  
Kathryn E. Snell ◽  
Russell V. Di Fiori ◽  
Sean P. Long ◽  
Joshua W. Bonde
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Sedimentary Basins ◽  
River System ◽  
Structural Deformation ◽  
Braided River ◽  
Thrust Belt ◽  
North American Cordillera ◽  
The North

ABSTRACT Terrestrial sedimentary archives record critical information about environment and climate of the past, as well as provide insights into the style, timing, and magnitude of structural deformation in a region. The Cretaceous Newark Canyon Formation, located in central Nevada, USA, was deposited in the hinterland of the Sevier fold–thrust belt during the North American Cordilleran orogeny. While previous research has focused on the coarser-grained, fluvial components of the Newark Canyon Formation, the carbonate and finer-grained facies of this formation remain comparatively understudied. A more complete understanding of the Newark Canyon Formation provides insights into Cretaceous syndeformational deposition in the Central Nevada thrust belt, serves as a useful case study for deconvolving the influence of tectonic and climatic forces on sedimentation in both the North American Cordillera and other contractional orogens, and will provide a critical foundation upon which to build future paleoclimate and paleoaltimetry studies. We combine facies descriptions, stratigraphic measurements, and optical and cathodoluminescence petrography to develop a comprehensive depositional model for the Newark Canyon Formation. We identify six distinct facies that show that the Newark Canyon Formation evolved through four stages of deposition: 1) an anastomosing river system with palustrine interchannel areas, 2) a braided river system, 3) a balance-filled, carbonate-bearing lacustrine system, and 4) a second braided river system. Although climate undoubtedly played a role, we suggest that the deposition and coeval deformation of the synorogenic Newark Canyon Formation was in direct response to the construction of east-vergent contractional structures proximal to the type section. Comparison to other contemporary terrestrial sedimentary basins deposited in a variety of tectonic settings provides helpful insights into the influences of regional tectonics, regional and global climate, catchment characteristics, underlying lithologies, and subcrop geology in the preserved sedimentary record.

scholarly journals Possible Quaternary growth of a hidden anticline at the front of the Jura fold-and-thrust belt: geomorphological constraints from the Forêt de Chaux area, France

2011 ◽  
Vol 182 (4) ◽  
pp. 337-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stéphane Molliex ◽  
Olivier Fabbri ◽  
Vincent Bichet ◽  
Herfried Madritsch
Keyword(s):  
Focal Depth ◽  
Fault Reactivation ◽  
Thrust Belt ◽  
Alluvial Deposits ◽  
The North ◽  
Basement Faults ◽  
Fold And Thrust Belt ◽  
Median Position ◽  
Differential Uplift ◽  
River Migration

Abstract This study presents new constraints for Plio-Quaternary (post-2.4 Ma to present-day) anticline growth along the frontal zone of the Jura fold-and-thrust belt, in the Forêt de Chaux area, located 30 km SW of Besançon. The Forêt de Chaux area consists of a N080°E-elongated depression bordered by the Doubs and Loue rivers to the north and south respectively, and filled with Sundgau-type Pliocene alluvial deposits. The upper surface of the Pliocene deposits between the Loue and Doubs rivers is marked by a N065°E-trending ridge crossing the depression in a median position. A differential uplift along this ridge, post-dating the deposition of the gravels (2.4 Ma), is suggested by several geomorphological observations such as the opposite river migration on each side of the ridge as well as variations of drainage geometry and incision intensity. Geological and geophysical subsurface data indicate that the ridge roughly coincides with the axis of an anticline hidden beneath the Pliocene deposits. The observed uplift is presumably related to a post-2.4 Ma anticline growth. The fact that the azimuth of the hidden anticline axis is parallel to the strike of deep-seated Late Paleozoic basement faults and not to the local strike of the thin-skinned Jura structures indicates that the inferred post-Pliocene deformation could possibly be an expression of a recent thick-skinned deformation of the basement of the northern Alpine foreland. The focal depth (15 km) of the February 24th, 2004, Besançon earthquake supports the hypothesis of a basement fault reactivation.

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