scholarly journals Zircon Genesis and Geochronology for the Zhangbaoshan Super-Large Rubidium Deposit in the Eastern Tianshan, NW China: Implication to Magmatic-Hydrothermal Evolution and Mineralization Processes

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Zhi ◽  
Ruxiong Lei ◽  
Boyang Chen ◽  
M. N. Muhtar ◽  
Zhijie Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Oscillatory Zoning ◽  
Magmatic Zircon ◽  
Type I ◽  
Early Triassic ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Eastern Tianshan ◽  
Hydrothermal Stage ◽  
Highly Evolved

The Zhangbaoshan (ZBS) super-large Rubidium deposit, located in the Eastern Tianshan, is a typical granite-type Rb deposit. The ZBS deposit is mainly hosted in the highly evolved Baishitouquan (BST) pluton enriched in F and Rb, which exhibits five lithological zones from the bottom to the top: leucogranite (zone-a), amazonite-bearing granite (zone-b), amazonite granite (zone-c), topaz-bearing amazonite granite (zone-d) and topaz albite granite (zone-e), as well as minor small lodes of amazonite pegmatite. Two types of zircon were identified from the BST pluton. Type-I zircons mainly occur in the zone–a, are characterized by obvious oscillatory zoning, high Zr contents (47.4–67.3 wt% ZrO2) and Zr/Hf ratios (21.72–58.23), low trace element concentrations, and heavy rare earth elements (HREE)–enriched patterns with prominent positive Ce anomalies (Ce/Ce* = 1.21–385) and strong negative Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu* = 0.008–0.551), indicative of early magmatic zircon. Type–II zircons mainly occur in the upper zones (zone-c to zone-e), exhibit porous and dark Cathodoluminescence images, inhomogeneous internal structure, plenty of mineral inclusions, low Zr (38.7–51.0 wt% ZrO2) and Zr/Hf ratios (3.35–11.00), high Hf (34,094–85,754 ppm), Th (718–4,980 ppm), U (3,540–32,901 ppm), Ta (86.7–398 ppm), Y (1,630–28,890 ppm) and rare earth elements (REEs) (3,910–30,165 ppm), as well as slightly HREE–enriched patterns and significant M–type tetrad patterns with t3 values (quantification factor of tetrad effect) of 1.51–1.69. It is suggested that the type–II zircons are crystallized from a deuteric F–rich fluid coexisted with the highly evolved residual magma during the transition from the magmatic to the F–rich hydrothermal stage of the BST pluton. The F–rich fluid exsolution during the magmatic–hydrothermal transition is one of the most important factors controlling the modification of highly evolved granite and related Rb enrichment and mineralization. The type–I zircon samples from zone–a yield concordant ages of 250 ± 2.5 Ma and 250.5 ± 1.7 Ma, respectively, indicating that the BST pluton was emplaced in the Early Triassic. The type–II zircons from zone–c to zone–e yield lower intercept U–Pb ages between 238 and 257 Ma, which may represent the age of F–rich fluid–melt interaction during the transition from the magmatic to the hydrothermal stage. The mineralization of the ZBS super–large Rb deposit should have occurred shortly after emplacement of the BST pluton in the Early Triassic. Combined with available data, it is suggested that the Triassic is an important period for granitic magmatism and rare metal metallogeny in the Eastern Tianshan.

Factors controlling the crystal morphology and chemistry of garnet in skarn deposits: A case study from the Cuihongshan polymetallic deposit, Lesser Xing'an Range, NE China

2019 ◽  
Vol 104 (10) ◽  
pp. 1455-1468
Author(s):  
Xianghui Fei ◽  
Zhaochong Zhang ◽  
Zhiguo Cheng ◽  
M. Santosh
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Relative Proportion ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Oscillatory Zoning ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Ne China ◽  
Skarn Deposits ◽  
Compositional Variations

Abstract The grossular-andradite solid solutions in garnet from skarn deposits in relation to hydrothermal processes and physicochemical conditions of ore formation remain controversial. Here we investigate garnet occurring in association with calcic and magnesian skarn rocks in the Cuihongshan polymetallic skarn deposit of NE China. The calcic skarn rocks contain three types of garnets. (1) Prograde type I Al-rich anisotropic garnets display polysynthetic twinning and a compositional range of Grs18–80Adr10–75. This type of garnet shows markedly low rare earth element (REE) contents (3.27–78.26 ppm) and is strongly depleted in light rare earth elements (LREE, 0.57–44.65 ppm) relative to heavy rare earth elements (HREE, 2.31–59.19 ppm). They also display a significantly negative Eu anomaly (Eu/Eu* of 0.03–0.90). (2) Fe-rich retrograde type II garnets are anisotropic with oscillatory zoning and own wide compositional variations (Grs1–47Adr30–95) with flat REE (13.73–377.08 ppm) patterns. (3) Fe-rich retrograde type III isotropic garnets display oscillatory zoning and morphological transition from planar dodecahedral {110} crystal faces to {211} crystal faces in the margin. Types III garnets exhibit relatively narrow compositional variations of Grs0.1–12Adr85–97 with LREE-enrichment (0.80–51.87 ppm), flat HREE patterns (0.15–2.46 ppm) and strong positive Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu* of 0.93–27.07 with almost all >1). The magnesian skarn rocks contain euhedral isotropic type IV Mn-rich garnet veins with a composition of Grs10–23Sps48–62Alm14–29. All calcic garnets contain considerable Sn and W contents. Type II garnet containing intermediate compositions of andradite and grossular shows the highest Sn contents (64.36–2778.92 ppm), albeit the lowest W range (1.11–468.44 ppm). Birefringence of garnet is probably caused by strain from lattice mismatch at a twinning boundary or ion substitution near intermediate compositions of grossular-andradite. The fine-scale, sharp, and straight garnet zones are probably caused by self-organization, but the compositional variations of zones from core to rim are probably caused by external factors. The zoning is likely driven by external factors such as composition of the hydrothermal fluid. REE concentrations are probably influenced by the relative proportion and temperature of the system. Moreover, the LREE-HREE fractionation of garnet can be attributed to relative compositions of grossular-andradite system. The W and Sn concentrations in garnet can be used as indicators for the exploration of W-Sn skarn deposits.

scholarly journals Trace and Rare Earth Elements, and Sr Isotopic Compositions of Fluorite from the Shihuiyao Rare Metal Deposit, Inner Mongolia: Implication for Its Origin

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 882
Author(s):  
Zhen-Peng Duan ◽  
Shao-Yong Jiang ◽  
Hui-Min Su ◽  
Xin-You Zhu ◽  
Tao Zou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Rare Metal ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Hydrothermal Stage ◽  
Magmatic Stage

Abundant fluorites occur in the Shihuiyao rare metal (Nb-Ta-Rb) deposit in Inner Mongolia of NE China, and they can be classified by their occurrence into three types. Type I occurs disseminated in greisen pockets of albitized granite. Type II occurs in the skarn zone between granite and carbonate host rocks, and it can be subdivided into different subtypes according to color, namely dark purple (II-D), magenta (II-M), green (II-G), light purple (II-P), and white (II-W). Type III are the fluorite-bearing veins in the silty mudstones. On the basis of petrography of the fluorites and their high contents of HFSEs (high field strength elements) and LILEs (large ion lithophile elements), strong negative Eu anomalies, and tetrad effects, we suggest that Type I fluorites crystallized in a late-magmatic stage with all the components derived from the granite. The high Y/Ho ratios suggest that the Type II fluorites crystallized in the early- or late-hydrothermal stage. The rare earth elements (REEs) characterized by various Eu anomalies of the Type II fluorites indicate a mixed origin for ore-forming metals from granite-related fluids and limestones, and the oxygen fugacity increased during fluid migration and cooling. Compared to the Type II fluorites, the similar trace element contents of the Type III suggest a similar origin, and remarkable positive Eu anomalies represent a more oxidizing environment. The Sr isotopic composition (87Sr/86Sr)i = 0.710861) of the Type I fluorites may represent that of the granite-derived fluids, whereas the (87Sr/86Sr)i ratios of the Type II (0.710168–0.710380) and Type III (0.709018) fluorites are lower than that of the Type I fluorites but higher than those of the Late Permian-Early Triassic seawater, suggesting a binary mixed Sr source, i.e., granite-derived fluids and marine limestones. Nevertheless, the proportion of limestone-derived Sr in the mixture forming the Type III fluorites is much higher than that of Type II. The rare metal Nb and Ta get into the granite-derived F-rich fluids by complexing with F and precipitate in the form of columbite-group minerals after the Type I fluorites crystallize. Most of Nb and Ta may have deposited as columbite-group minerals during the magmatic stage, resulting in no Nb-Ta mineralization in the hydrothermal stage when the Type II and III fluorites formed. Hence, the Type I fluorites in the Shihuiyao mining area can be used as an important exploration tool for the Nb-Ta mineralization.

p-Type II–VI compounds doped by rare-earth elements

2000 ◽  
Vol 214-215 ◽  
pp. 516-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.N Georgobiani ◽  
M.B Kotljarevsky ◽  
V.V Kidalov ◽  
I.V Rogozin ◽  
U.A Aminov
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
P Type

scholarly journals Compositional Variability of Monazite–Cheralite–Huttonite Solid Solutions, Xenotime, and Uraninite in Geochemically Distinct Granites with Special Emphasis to the Strongly Fractionated Peraluminous Li–F–P-Rich Podlesí Granite System (Erzgebirge/Krušné Hory Mts., Central Europe)

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 127
Author(s):  
Karel Breiter ◽  
Hans-Jürgen Förster
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Solid Solutions ◽  
Heavy Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Compositional Variability ◽  
Variscan Granites ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Ree Pattern ◽  
Highly Evolved ◽  
Comprehensive Study

A comprehensive study of monazite–cheralite–huttonite solid solutions (s.s.) and xenotime from the highly evolved, strongly peraluminous P–F–Li-rich Podlesí granite stock in the Krušné Hory Mts., Czech Republic, indicates that, with the increasing degree of magmatic and high-T early post-magmatic evolution, the content of the cheralite component in monazite increases and the relative dominance of middle rare earth elements (MREE) in xenotime becomes larger. Considering the overall compositional signatures of these two accessory minerals in the late Variscan granites of the Erzgebirge/Krušné Hory Mts., three types of granites can be distinguished: (i) chemically less evolved F-poor S(I)- and A-type granites contain monazite with a smooth, mostly symmetric chondrite-normalized (CN) rare-earth elements (REE) pattern gradually declining from La to Gd; associated xenotime is Y-rich (˃0.8 apfu Y) with a flat MREE–HREE (heavy rare earth elements) pattern; (ii) fractionated A-type granites typically contain La-depleted monazite with Th accommodated as the huttonite component, combined with usually Y-poor (0.4–0.6 apfu Y) xenotime characterized by a smoothly inclining, Yb–Lu-dominant CN-REE pattern; (iii) fractionated peraluminous Li-mica granites host monazite with a flat, asymmetric (kinked at La and Nd) CN-LREE pattern, with associated xenotime distinctly MREE (Gd–Tb–Dy)-dominant. Monazite and xenotime account for the bulk of the REE budgets in all types of granite. In peraluminous S(I)-type granites, which do not bear thorite, almost all Th is accommodated in monazite–cheralite s.s. In contrast, Th budgets in A-type granites are accounted for by monazite–huttonite s.s. together with thorite. The largest portion of U is accommodated in uraninite, if present.

scholarly journals Geochronology, trace elements and Hf isotopic geochemistry of zircons from Swat orthogneisses, Northern Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 148-162
Author(s):  
Lawangin Sheikh ◽  
Wasiq Lutfi ◽  
Zhidan Zhao ◽  
Muhammad Awais
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Oscillatory Zoning ◽  
Indian Plate ◽  
Northern Pakistan ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Heavy Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Arc Setting ◽  
Paleozoic Rocks

AbstractIn this study, zircon grains are applied for U–Pb dating, Hf isotopes and trace elements to reveal the origin of magmatism and tectonic evolution of Late Paleozoic rocks of the Indian plate, Northern Pakistan. Most of the zircons are characterized by oscillatory zoning, depletion of light rare earth elements (LREE) and enrichment of heavy rare earth elements (HREE) with Ce and Eu anomalies. The yielded ages for these rocks are 256 ± 1.9 Ma and are plotted in the zones defined for the continental setting with few deviated toward the mid-oceanic ridge and the oceanic arc setting. Deviated zircons are recognized as inherited zircons by displaying a high concentration of normalized primitive La and Pr values, while others are plotted in the continental zones. Rare earth elements (REE) and trace elements including Th, Hf, U, Nb, Sc and Ti discriminate Swat orthogneisses into the within plate setting and the inherited zircons are plotted in the orogenic or the arc-related setting. The LREE discriminated these zircons into a magmatic zone with inherited zircons deviated toward the hydrothermal zone. The temperature calculated for these rocks based on the Ti content in zircon ranges from 679 to 942°C. The εHf(t) ranging from −11.1 to +1.4 reveals that the origin is the continental crust with the minute input of the juvenile mantle.

Neogene Metasomatism in the Subcontinental Lithosphere beneath SE Asia—Evidence from Modal and Cryptic Phosphorus Enrichment in Peridotites and Pyroxenites from Southern Laos

2019 ◽  
Vol 60 (12) ◽  
pp. 2413-2448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jürgen Konzett ◽  
Christoph Hauzenberger ◽  
Kurt Krenn ◽  
Bastian Joachim-Mrosko ◽  
Roland Stalder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oscillatory Zoning ◽  
Type I ◽  
Carbonate Apatite ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Secular Evolution ◽  
Rock Types ◽  
South Central ◽  
Calcic Amphibole ◽  
Component Type ◽  
Basaltic Melts

Abstract Metasomatism is the prime process to create compositional heterogeneity of the upper mantle. Mineralogical and mineral chemical changes of the mantle triggered by metasomatism can be used to deduce the nature of the metasomatic agent(s) and to constrain the timing of metasomatism. This information is vital for an understanding of the secular evolution of a given mantle segment and the magmatic processes occurring therein. For this study spinel-lherzolites and -websterites were collected from ∼16 Myr old alkali-basaltic lava flows that were extruded on the Bolaven Plateau in south–central Laos. These xenoliths are fragments of the shallow continental lithosphere of the SE Asian peninsula and originate from a mantle segment that acted as source for Cenozoic basaltic volcanism in the wake of the India–Asia collision. In both rock types modal metasomatism formed apatite ± whitlockite ± phlogopite ± calcic amphibole ± calcite ± orthopyroxene. The principal metasomatic phase is apatite, which appears in three varieties. Type-I apatite is ±inclusion-free and associated with phlogopite, calcic amphibole, calcite and lamellar orthopyroxene. It is high in Na and low in P and shows low analytical totals indicating a type-B carbonate–apatite component. Type-I apatite presumably precipitated from a P-alkali-rich mixed H2O–CO2 fluid with low large ion lithophile element (LILE)–light rare earth element (LREE) contents. Type-II apatite shows a spongy texture and has lower Na and higher P contents with higher analytical totals. Crosscutting discontinuous zones of type-II characteristics within type-I apatites indicate type-II formation through an exchange Na+ + CO32– = PO43– + Ca2+ by a later fluid with lower aCO2. REE-rich type-III apatite is the youngest type and formed by infiltration of basaltic melts as part of spongy rims around clinopyroxene. One lherzolite contains whitlockite in addition to apatite. Whitlockite formation is ascribed to a short-lived metasomatic event involving a fluid with extremely low aH2O. Disequilibrium between whitlockite and the bulk assemblage is indicated by hydrous silicates in the immediate vicinity of whitlockite and by substantial H2O contents of 250–370 µg g–1 in clinopyroxenes and 170–190 µg g–1 in orthopyroxenes. High-density (1·15–≥1·17 g m–3) CO2–fluid inclusions in the whitlockite-bearing sample provide evidence for the presence of low-aH2O fluids at mantle depths. The spinel-herzolites may also show cryptic metasomatism evidenced by P zoning in olivine, which is characterized by P-poor (<20–130 µg g–1) cores and P-rich (170–507 µg g–1) rims, the latter in part with oscillatory zoning on a µm scale. Element correlations indicate [4]Si4+ + [6](Mg, Fe)2+ = [4]P5+ + [6]Li+, 2 [4]Si4+ + 4 [6](Mg, Fe)2+ = 2 [4]P5+ + 3 [6](Mg, Fe)2+ + [6]vac and/or 5 [4]Si4+ = 4 [4]P5+ + [4]vac as major P incorporation mechanisms. High P–T experiments conducted at 2 GPa and 950–1050 °C yield apatite-saturated P contents of olivine in the range ∼360–470 µg g–1. Most P concentrations in olivines from the xenoliths including those in the P-rich rims, however, are significantly lower than the apatite-saturated values, which indicates disequilibrium uptake of P during growth of the P-rich rims by dissolution–reprecipitation. Diffusion modeling indicates that the P zoning must have formed within decades prior to the eruption of the host basalts. This is consistent with the preservation of Li disequilibrium partitioning between olivine and pyroxenes in some of the xenoliths. All metasomatic phenomena were assigned to two metasomatic events, both of which were in close temporal relation with the eruption of the xenolith host basalts: an older event-1 formed type-I apatite, hydrous silicates, calcite and orthopyroxene and caused the modification of type-I apatite composition towards that of type-II. It is also likely to be responsible for whitlockite formation and P zoning in olivine. A younger event-2 comprises all paragenetic, textural and compositional modifications of the xenolith assemblages associated with the infiltration of basaltic melts.

Discrete Zr and REE mineralization of the Baerzhe rare-metal deposit, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 104 (10) ◽  
pp. 1487-1502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kunfeng Qiu ◽  
Haocheng Yu ◽  
Mingqian Wu ◽  
Jianzhen Geng ◽  
Xiangkun Ge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compositional Data ◽  
Oscillatory Zoning ◽  
Magmatic Zircon ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Magmatic Differentiation ◽  
Alkaline Granite ◽  
Ree Mineralization ◽  
Type Ia ◽  
Magmatic Stage ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Although REE (lanthanides + Sc + Y) mineralization in alkaline silicate systems is commonly accompanied with Zr mineralization worldwide, our understanding of the relationship between Zr and REE mineralization is still incomplete. The Baerzhe deposit in Northeastern China is a reservoir of REE, Nb, Zr, and Be linked to the formation of an Early Cretaceous, silica-saturated, alkaline intrusive complex. In this study, we use in situ laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) analyses of zircon and monazite crystals to constrain the relationship between Zr and REE mineralization at Baerzhe. Three groups of zircon are identified and are differentiated based upon textural observations and compositional characteristics. Type Ia zircons display well-developed oscillatory zoning. Type Ib zircons are darker in cathodoluminescence images and have more irregular zoning and resorption features than type Ia zircons. In addition, type Ib zircons can locally occur as overgrowths on type Ia zircons. Type II zircons contain irregular but translucent cores and rims with oscillatory zoning that are murky brown in color and occur in aggregates. Textural features and compositional data suggest that types Ia and Ib zircon crystallized at the magmatic stage, with type Ia being least-altered and type Ib being strongly altered. Type II zircons, on the other hand, precipitated during the magmatic to magmatichydrothermal transition. Whereas the magnitude of the Eu anomaly is moderate in the barren alkaline granite, both magmatic and deuteric zircon exhibit pronounced negative anomalies. Such features are difficult to explain exclusively by feldspar fractionation and could indicate the presence of fluid induced modification of the rocks. Monazite crystals occur mostly through replacement of zircon and sodic amphibole; monazite clusters are also present. Textural and compositional evidence suggests that monazite at Baerzhe is hydrothermal. Types Ia and Ib magmatic zircon yield 207Pb-corrected 206Pb/238U ages of 127.2 ± 1.3 and 125.4 ± 0.7 Ma, respectively. Type II deuteric zircon precipitated at 124.9 ± 0.6 Ma. The chronological data suggest that the magmatic stage of the highly evolved Baerzhe alkaline granite lasted less than two million years. Hydrothermal monazite records a REE mineralization event at 122.8 ± 0.6 Ma, approximately 1 or 2 million years after Zr mineralization. We therefore propose a model in which parental magmas of the Baerzhe pluton underwent extensive magmatic differentiation while residual melts interacted with aqueous hydrothermal fluids. Deuteric zircon precipitated from a hydrosilicate liquid, and subsequent REE mineralization, exemplified by hydrothermal monazite, correlates with hydrothermal metasomatic alteration that postdated the hydrosilicate liquid event. Such interplay between magmatic and hydrothermal processes resulted in the formation of discrete Zr and REE mineralization at Baerzhe.

scholarly journals Distribution of rare earth elements in Ruska Poliana granites and accessory fluorites

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Ponomarenko ◽  
O. Zaiats ◽  
A. Samchuk ◽  
I. Shvaika ◽  
L. Proskurka
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Ukrainian Shield ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Type I ◽  
Southeastern Part ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Gray Medium ◽  
Lanthanide Content

Fluorite is one of the main concentrators of rare earth elements (REE) in the granites of the Ruska Polіana massif of the Korsun-Novomyrhorod pluton of the Ukrainian Shield. Despite its distribution in the granites of the massif, the geochemical features of the fluorites have not yet been investigated. The aim of this work was to determine the content of REE in the fluorites, the granites and to study the distribution of REE in the fluorites and granites containing this mineral. The content of REE in 4 samples of the granites and 4 monofraction the fluorites from these granites (well № 8568) was determined by the ICP MS method on the Element-2 device at M. P. Semenenko Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Ore Formation of the NAS of Ukraine (Kyiv). The well № 8568 was drilled in the southeastern part of the Ruska Polіana granite massif of the Korsun-Novomyrhorod pluton of the Ukrainian Shield (Ruska Polіana Village). In this part, the researchers revealed granites with rare metal mineralization. The investigated granites of well are represented by 3 types: the gray-pink fine-medium-grained granites (type I) (156,1–158,0 m), the gray-pink porphyriform granites (type II) (174,6–176,5 m), the gray medium-coarse-grained granites (type III) (225,0–227,0 m) and the pink-gray medium- coarse granites (type III) (239,6–242,0 m). According to the results of the ICP MS analysis, the highest content of lanthanides (26933 ppm) and yttrium (11 705 ppm) was observed in fluorites from the gray-pink fine-medium granites of the upper part of the well. But the gray-pink fine-medium granites have the lowest total lanthanide content (218 ppm). The lowest levels of lanthanides (692 ppm) and yttrium (831 ppm) were determined in the fluorites of the pink-gray medium-coarse grained granites of the deepest part of the well. The pink-gray medium-coarse granites are characterized by high lanthanide content (797 ppm). The fluorites from Ruska Poliana of the gray-pink fine-medium grained granites can be compared with the fluorite from Perga granite by the total content of lanthanides. Among the rock-bearing minerals in biotites from the Ruska Poliana granites of different depths of the well, there is a high content of REE, almost at the level of the granites themselves. Such a high level indicates the presence of inclusions of accessory minerals enriched with REE in the biotites, especially fluorites.

Heat-Etching with a Bullivant Type II Simple Freeze-Cleave Device

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 106-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald S. Weinstein ◽  
N. Scott McNutt
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Massachusetts General Hospital ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Collaborative Effort ◽  
Temperature And Pressure ◽  
The University

The Type I simple cold block device was described by Bullivant and Ames in 1966 and represented the product of the first successful effort to simplify the equipment required to do sophisticated freeze-cleave techniques. Bullivant, Weinstein and Someda described the Type II device which is a modification of the Type I device and was developed as a collaborative effort at the Massachusetts General Hospital and the University of Auckland, New Zealand. The modifications reduced specimen contamination and provided controlled specimen warming for heat-etching of fracture faces. We have now tested the Mass. General Hospital version of the Type II device (called the “Type II-MGH device”) on a wide variety of biological specimens and have established temperature and pressure curves for routine heat-etching with the device.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document