scholarly journals Assessment of Storm Surge History as Recorded by Driftwood in the Mackenzie Delta and Tuktoyaktuk Coastlands, Arctic Canada

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger F. MacLeod ◽  
Scott R. Dallimore
Keyword(s):  
Storm Surge ◽  
Tide Gauge ◽  
Storm Surges ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Mackenzie Delta ◽  
Tide Gauge Records ◽  
History Of ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
A Site

The southern Beaufort coastline in Canada experiences significant storm surge events that are thought to play an important role in coastal erosion and influence permafrost dynamics. Unfortunately, many of these events have not been documented with tide gauge records. In this paper, we evaluate coastal driftwood accumulations as a proxy for estimating maximum storm surge heights and the history of these events. We use historical air photos and data derived from Unoccupied Aerial Vehicle (UAV) imagery to resurvey four coastal stranded driftwood study sites that were first appraised in 1985–86 and assess two new regional sites in the Mackenzie Delta. Maximum storm surge heights were found to be similar to observations carried out in the 1980s, however, we refine the elevations with more accuracy and reference these to a vertical datum appropriate for incorporating into sea level hazard assessments. Detailed mapping, historical air photo comparisons and the UAV acquired imagery at a site close to Tuktoyaktuk demonstrate that the highest storm surge at this site (1.98 m CGVD2013) occurred in association with a severe storm in 1970. This event shifted driftwood and floated material slightly upslope from an older event thought to occur in 1944 that reached 1.85 m (CGVD2013) elevation. The quality and accuracy of the high-resolution Digital Surface Model (DSM) and orthophoto derived from Structure from Motion (SfM) processing of the UAV photographs allowed mapping of four distinct stratigraphic units within the driftwood piles. Based on variations in anthropogenic debris composition, weathering characteristics and history of movement on aerial photographs, we conclude that no storm surge events at Tuktoyaktuk have exceeded ∼1.3 m (CGVD2013) since 1970. While there has been some speculation that ongoing climate change may lead to more frequent large magnitude storm surges along the Beaufort coast, our study and available tide gauge measurements, suggest that while moderate elevation storm surges may be more frequent in the past several decades, they have not approached the magnitude of the 1970 event.

scholarly journals The North Sea surge of 31 October–1 November 2006 during Storm Britta

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 273-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony James Kettle
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Storm Surge ◽  
North Sea ◽  
Tide Gauge ◽  
Storm Surges ◽  
Tide Gauge Records ◽  
The North ◽  
Short Period ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Sea Storm

Abstract. Offshore energy infrastructure, including the petroleum and wind energy sectors, are susceptible to damage and interruption by extreme meteorological events. In northwest Europe and especially the North Sea, these extreme meteorological events are mostly associated with severe storms in the autumn and winter seasons. In the North Sea, storm surges have an impact on the offshore energy sector mainly from the flooding of port facilities and from strong ocean currents causing extra structural loading and bottom scouring. Storm Britta on 31 October–1 November 2006 was an important North Sea storm with a high surge along the coast of the Netherlands and Germany and a significant number of high wave reports. The paper presents an analysis of the national tide gauge records of the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Germany, and Denmark to spectrally isolate and reconstruct time series components corresponding to the storm surge, semi-diurnal tide, and short period contribution. The semi-diurnal tides and storm surge during Storm Britta are tracked counter-clockwise around the North Sea from Scotland to northern Denmark. The storm surge was remarkable for its pronounced peak in the coastal area between the Netherlands and Germany with no precedent in the ∼100 year measurement record. The short period component of the tide gauge records show large oscillations during the height of the storm that may correspond with reports of unusually high waves at nearby coastal locations.

scholarly journals AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHIC WATERLINE SURVEY OF AN ESTUARY

1974 ◽  
Vol 1 (14) ◽  
pp. 148
Author(s):  
J. SIndern ◽  
G.E. Schroder
Keyword(s):  
Tide Gauge ◽  
High Water ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Northern Germany ◽  
Tide Gauge Records ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Accurate Analysis ◽  
Contour Lines ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Reference Markers

The project of a "barrage across an estuary in Northern Germany was accompanied by a programme to monitor the hydrologic and morphologic situation. This became necessary in order to avoid dangers resulting from the sensitivity of the shallow wadden area to human interference. Various methods to record the morphology were tested. The aerial photographic waterline survey proved superior as it supplies a complete and economic record and allows accurate analysis of the topography. The principle consists in taking aerial photographs at short time intervals between low water and high water, each photo showing a different waterline. The scale chosen was 1:18000, corresponding to a flight altitude of 2700 metres. Rectification of the distorted photos requires reference markers to be distributed over the survey area which measures about 140 km^. By using simultaneous tide gauge records, contour lines can be constructed from the photographed waterlines. This morphologic record is supplemented by submarine survey of the estuary. It is expected that details of sediment transport and of tidal prism changes may be revealed. Predicted and actual effects of the barrage will be compared, which might lead to a better understanding of such coasts.

scholarly journals Storm surges in the Western Black Sea. Operational forecasting

2000 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. MUNGOV ◽  
P. DANIEL
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Storm Surge ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Tide Gauge ◽  
Coastal Zone Management ◽  
World Ocean ◽  
Storm Surges ◽  
Statistical Characteristics ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Operational Forecasting

The frequency of the storm surges in the Black Sea is lower than that in other regions of the World Ocean but they cause significant damages as the magnitude of the sea level set-up is up to 7-8 times greater than that of other sea level variations. New methods and systems for storm surge forecasting and studying their statistical characteristics are absolutely necessary for the purposes of the coastal zone management. The operational forecasting storm surge model of Meteo-France was adopted for the Black Sea in accordance with the bilateral agreement between Meteo-France and NINMH. The model was verified using tide-gauge observations for the strongest storms observed along the Bulgarian coast over the last 10 years.

Verification of the Storm surge Forecasting System for the Korean Coastal Area

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nary La ◽  
Byoung Woong An ◽  
KiRyong Kang ◽  
Sang Myeong Oh ◽  
YoonJae Kim
Keyword(s):  
Storm Surge ◽  
Tide Gauge ◽  
Forecast Accuracy ◽  
Storm Surges ◽  
Shuttle Radar Topography Mission ◽  
Horizontal Resolution ◽  
Prediction System ◽  
Forecasting System ◽  
Reference Pressure ◽  
Height Predictions

<p><span>In recent years, coastal disasters have been frequently caused by typhoons and storm surges accompanied by high waves due to global warming and the changing marine environment. In addition, the development of coastal areas in Korea has also led to suffering great damage to society every year. </span></p><p><span>To cope with this issue, we have developed a new storm-surge prediction system based on the NEMO model for improving the predictability both the tide and the surge. This new regional tide-surge prediction system (RTSM) is constructed with a two-dimensional barotropic sigma coordinates and has a 1/12 degrees horizontal resolution. To find optimal coefficients of this model, several sensitivity experiments were conducted and verified with tide gauge measurements from the KHOA (Korea Hydrographic and Oceanographic Agency). Finally, we selected a bathymetry from SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission), Charnock coefficient as a constant value of 0.275 and the reference pressure for the inverse barometric effect as the domain mean. As the result of comparing surge-height predictions with the currently operating model (OPER-RTSM), the new system (RTSM) showed roughly 30% higher in forecast accuracy than the previous OPER-RTSM.</span></p>

scholarly journals Use of Oceanic Reanalysis to Improve Estimates of Extreme Storm Surge

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 2205-2219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Zhai ◽  
Blair Greenan ◽  
Richard Thomson ◽  
Scott Tinis
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Storm Surge ◽  
West Coast ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Tide Gauge ◽  
Steric Effects ◽  
Tide Gauge Records ◽  
The West ◽  
Sea Level Variability

AbstractA storm surge hindcast for the west coast of Canada was generated for the period 1980–2016 using a 2D nonlinear barotropic Princeton Ocean Model forced by hourly Climate Forecast System Reanalysis wind and sea level pressure. Validation of the modeled storm surges using tide gauge records has indicated that there are extensive areas of the British Columbia coast where the model does not capture the processes that determine the sea level variability on intraseasonal and interannual time scales. Some of the discrepancies are linked to large-scale fluctuations, such as those arising from major El Niño and La Niña events. By applying an adjustment to the hindcast using an ocean reanalysis product that incorporates large-scale sea level variability and steric effects, the variance of the error of the adjusted surges is significantly reduced (by up to 50%) compared to that of surges from the barotropic model. The importance of baroclinic dynamics and steric effects to accurate storm surge forecasting in this coastal region is demonstrated, as is the need to incorporate decadal-scale, basin-specific oceanic variability into the estimation of extreme coastal sea levels. The results improve long-term extreme water level estimates and allowances for the west coast of Canada in the absence of long-term tide gauge records data.

Late Quaternary history of the Mackenzie–Beaufort region, Arctic Canada, from modelling of permafrost temperatures. 2. The Mackenzie Delta–Tuktoyaktuk Coastlands

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan E. Taylor ◽  
Scott R. Dallimore ◽  
Alan S. Judge
Keyword(s):  
Late Quaternary ◽  
Mackenzie Delta ◽  
Delta Front ◽  
The Holocene ◽  
Ground Temperatures ◽  
Delta Plain ◽  
Hydrocarbon Fields ◽  
History Of ◽  
Lake Drainage ◽  
A Site

In the Mackenzie–Beaufort region, maximum permafrost thickness is 750 m in the Pleistocene Tuktoyaktuk Coastlands, less than 100 m in the Holocene Mackenzie Delta, and 500 m and anomalously warm in the Big Lake Delta Plain between the two areas. Numerical modelling has been used to derive surface temperature histories that fit ground temperatures and permafrost conditions at 12 wells in the Unipkat, Kumak, and Taglu hydrocarbon fields. The models indicate that the present Holocene Mackenzie Delta was built by fluvial processes into a submarine trough. The delta front passed a site presently some 20 km from the coast about 4.5 ka, and subsequently 58 m of ice-bonded permafrost has aggraded. In contrast, the Big Lake Delta Plain was a subaerial platform for much of the Wisconsinan. It experienced several thousand years of inundation in the Holocene, probably due to widespread development of thermokarst lakes. At sites 8–12 km from the coast, the present subaerial conditions were established 0.5–1.5 ka through lake drainage and fluvial–deltaic deposition.

REVIEW OF TIDE GAUGE RECORDS IN THE INDIAN OCEAN

2009 ◽  
Vol 03 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
HIROYUKI MATSUMOTO ◽  
YUICHIRO TANIOKA ◽  
YUICHI NISHIMURA ◽  
YOSHINOBU TSUJI ◽  
YUICHI NAMEGAYA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Tide Gauge ◽  
Indian Ocean Tsunami ◽  
Tide Gauges ◽  
Tide Gauge Records ◽  
Historical Tsunami ◽  
Tide Level ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
Systematic Collection

According to the NOAA earthquake database, at least 31 events have been found in the Indian Ocean in terms of tsunami event since 1900, most of which occurred along the Sunda Trench. In this study, we review the history of tide level measurements and their datasets archives in Thailand, Indonesia, India, and Australia. We collected tide gauge paper charts recording historical tsunamis including the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami in those countries. As a result, systematic collection of historical tsunami records by tide gauges in the Indian Ocean has been difficult, because few tsunamigenic earthquakes occurred in the Indian Ocean during the instrumentally observed period.

scholarly journals Automating Tide Gauge Quality Control

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne Williams ◽  
Andrew Matthews
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Tide Gauge ◽  
Storm Surges ◽  
Tide Gauge Records ◽  
Tide Gauge Record ◽  
The Public ◽  
Manual Intervention ◽  
Manual Inspection ◽  
Vital Component

<p>Tide gauges provide a vital component in coastal flooding alert systems, and as a record of past events. They are used to record short duration extremes such as tsunamis, storm surges lasting a few hours, regular tides, and long term changes in relative sea-level. Globally, there is far more tide gauge data in existence than is available in the public domain for research. A significant factor obstructing the release of data is that quality control of tide-gauge records is still carried out with a great deal of manual inspection, and is therefore labour-intensive. Automated systems must carefully distinguish between spikes due to instrumental error and genuine rare extreme events; and between damaged instruments and still water. The National Oceanography Centre automatic quality control software aims to enable analysis of any high-frequency tide-gauge record around the world with minimal manual intervention or parameter selection. We demonstrate the implementation in Matlab and discuss the successes and challenges of the software.</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Mean Sea Surface Model over the Sea of Japan Determined from Multi-Satellite Altimeter Data and Tide Gauge Records

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 4168
Author(s):  
Jiajia Yuan ◽  
Jinyun Guo ◽  
Yupeng Niu ◽  
Chengcheng Zhu ◽  
Zhen Li
Keyword(s):  
Sea Of Japan ◽  
Tide Gauge ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Altimeter Data ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
The Sea Of Japan ◽  
Tide Gauge Records ◽  
Satellite Altimeter ◽  
Mean Sea Surface ◽  
Satellite Altimeter Data

Mean sea surface (MSS) is an important datum for the study of sea-level changes and charting data, and its accuracy in coastal waters has always been the focus of marine geophysics and oceanography. A new MSS model with a grid of 1′ × 1′ over the Sea of Japan and its adjacent ocean (named SJAO2020) (25° N~50° N, 125° E~150° E) was established. It ingested 12 different satellites altimeter data (including TOPEX/Poseidon, Jason-1/2/3, ERS-1/2, Envisat, GFO, HaiYang-2A, SRL/Altika, Sentinel-3A, Cryosat-2) and 24 tide gauge stations’ records and joint GNSS data. The latter were used to correct the sea surface height within 10 km from the coastline by using the Gaussian inverse distance weighting method in SJAO2020. The differences among SJAO2020, CLS15, and DTU18, as well as the differences between them and the altimeter data of HY-2A, Jason-3, and Sentinel-3A were introduced. By comparing with tide gauge records, satellite altimeter data, and other models (DTU18, DTU15, CLS15, CLS11 and WHU13), it was demonstrated that SJAO2020 produces the smallest errors, and its coastal accuracy is relatively reliable.

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