Resting Energy Expenditure, Insulin Resistance and UCP1 Expression in Human Subcutaneous and Visceral Adipose Tissue of Patients With Obesity

Ovariectomized rodents model human menopause in that they rapidly gain weight, reduce spontaneous physical activity (SPA), and develop metabolic dysfunction, including insulin resistance. How contrasting aerobic fitness levels impacts ovariectomy (OVX)-associated metabolic dysfunction is not known. Female rats selectively bred for high and low intrinsic aerobic fitness [high-capacity runners (HCR) and low-capacity runners (LCR), respectively] were maintained under sedentary conditions for 39 wk. Midway through the observation period, OVX or sham (SHM) operations were performed providing HCR-SHM, HCR-OVX, LCR-SHM, and LCR-OVX groups. Glucose tolerance, energy expenditure, and SPA were measured before and 4 wk after surgery, while body composition via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and adipose tissue distribution, brown adipose tissue (BAT), and skeletal muscle phenotype, hepatic lipid content, insulin resistance via homeostatic assessment model of insulin resistance and AdipoIR, and blood lipids were assessed at death. Remarkably, HCR were protected from OVX-associated increases in adiposity and insulin resistance, observed only in LCR. HCR rats were ∼30% smaller, had ∼70% greater spontaneous physical activity (SPA), consumed ∼10% more relative energy, had greater skeletal muscle proliferator-activated receptor coactivator 1-alpha, and ∼40% more BAT. OVX did not increase energy intake and reduced SPA to the same extent in both HCR and LCR. LCR were particularly affected by an OVX-associated reduction in resting energy expenditure and experienced a reduction in relative BAT; resting energy expenditure correlated positively with BAT across all animals ( r = 0.6; P < 0.001). In conclusion, despite reduced SPA following OVX, high intrinsic aerobic fitness protects against OVX-associated increases in adiposity and insulin resistance. The mechanism may involve preservation of resting energy expenditure.

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Association of Upper Trunk and Visceral Adipose Tissue Volume With Insulin Resistance in Control and HIV-Infected Subjects in the FRAM Study

JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes ◽

10.1097/qai.0b013e31814b94e2 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 46 (3) ◽

pp. 283-290 ◽

Cited By ~ 73

Author(s):

Carl Grunfeld ◽

David Rimland ◽

Cynthia L Gibert ◽

William G Powderly ◽

Stephen Sidney ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽

Tissue Volume ◽

Adipose Tissue Volume ◽

Visceral Adipose

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Elevated serum uric acid is a facilitating mechanism for insulin resistance mediated accumulation of visceral adipose tissue

10.1101/2020.09.20.20198499 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Luisa Fernández-Chirino ◽

Neftali Eduardo Antonio-Villa ◽

Arsenio Vargas-Vázquez ◽

Paloma Almeda-Valdés ◽

Donají Gómez-Velasco ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Uric Acid ◽

Serum Uric Acid ◽

Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽

Visceral Obesity ◽

Causal Mechanism ◽

Mediation Analyses ◽

Bidirectional Relationship ◽

Visceral Adipose

BACKGROUND: Serum uric acid (SUA) has a relationship with cardiometabolic conditions such as insulin resistance (IR) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) accumulation. Here, we aimed to clarify the nature of this relationship and the underlying causality mechanism. METHODS: We conducted a population-based cross-sectional study comprising 8,504 subjects joining both NHANES 2003-2004 and 2011-2012 cycles and ENSANUT Medio Camino 2016. We performed mixed effects linear regression models using HOMA2-IR, adipoIR, and METS-VF as indicators of IR and VAT accumulation. Furthermore, we performed mediation analyses to assess a potential causal mechanism and ROC curves to establish cut-off points for identification of IR and visceral obesity using SUA. Finally, with an additional dataset comprised of 226 subjects with both euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp (EHC) and dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) measurements for IR and VAT accumulation, we performed a network of confirmatory mediation analyses. RESULTS:We found that SUA has a mediating role inside the bidirectional relationship between IR and visceral obesity, and it is part of an underlying causality mechanism which includes adiponectin. The proportion of the mechanism mediated by SUA is greater when stated that IR (in either peripheral or adipose tissue) leads to VAT accumulation (14.90%[13.20%-17.00%] and 15.54%[13.61% - 18.00%] to 4.88%[3.06%-7.00%] and 8.13%[5.91% - 10.00%]) instead of the opposite direction. This result was confirmed by mediation analyses using gold-standard measurements. CONCLUSIONS:Elevated SUA acts as mediator inside the bidirectional relationship between IR andVAT accumulation. Its role appears to be larger when considering adipose tissue IR as the promoter for VAT accumulation.

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Protocatechuic acids protects against high glucose- induced insulin resistance in human visceral adipose tissue

Problems of Endocrinology ◽

10.14341/probl201662545-46 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 62 (5) ◽

pp. 45-46

Author(s):

Paulina Ormazabal ◽

Beatrice Scazzocchio ◽

Rosaria Varì ◽

Annunziata Iacovelli ◽

Roberta Masella

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽

High Glucose ◽

Protective Role ◽

Insulin Sensitizer ◽

20 Nm ◽

Visceral Adipose

Adipocytes exposed to high glucose concentrations exhibit impaired insulin signaling. Binding of insulin to its membrane receptor activates insulin metabolic pathway leading to IRS-1 and AKT phosphorylations. The accumulation of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) correlates with insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. Anthocyanins (ACN) are bioactive food compounds of great nutritional interest. We have shown that protocatechuic acid (PCA), a major metabolite of ACN, might exert insulin-sensitizer activities in human visceral adipose tissue. The aim of this work was to define the protective role of PCA against insulin-resistance induced by high glucose in VAT.Methodology: VAT obtained from control subject (BMI≤25) were separated in four experimental groups: i) PCA: samples treated for 24 h with 100 μM PCA, ii) GLU: VAT treated with 30 mM glucose for 24 h, iii) PCA+GLU: 1 hour incubation with 100 μM PCA before adding glucose (30 mM, 24 h), iv) CTR: vehicle. After treatment, VAT groups were (or not) acutely stimulated with insulin (20 nM, 20 min). Tyr-IRS-1 and Ser-Akt phosphorylations were assessed by Western blotting (WB) in basal or insulin stimulated tissues in all experimental groups. Samples were assessed for IRS-1, IR, Akt and GLUT4 protein content by WB. Results: No differences in protein contents between experimental groups were found. GLU tissues showed a lower increment in insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of IRS-1 and Akt compared to CTR and PCA samples. This impaired activation was completely reversed by the pretreatment with PCA.Conclusion: An in-vitro insulin-resistance condition induced by high glucose was established in biopsies of VAT. PCA restores the ability of GLU-tissues to fully respond to insulin by increasing IRS-1 and Akt phosphorylations. These results confirm the insulin-sensitizer effect of PCA on VAT previously reported by our group. An anthocyanin rich diet might help to protect against insulin-resistance in VAT.

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Abdominal Subcutaneous and Visceral Adipose Tissue and Insulin Resistance in the Framingham Heart Study

Obesity ◽

10.1038/oby.2010.59 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 18 (11) ◽

pp. 2191-2198 ◽

Cited By ~ 214

Author(s):

Sarah R. Preis ◽

Joseph M. Massaro ◽

Sander J. Robins ◽

Udo Hoffmann ◽

Ramachandran S. Vasan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽

Framingham Heart Study ◽

Heart Study ◽

Visceral Adipose

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Visceral Adipose Tissue Loss and Insulin Resistance 6 Months after Laparoscopic Gastric Banding Surgery: A Preliminary Study

Obesity Surgery ◽

10.1007/s11695-008-9642-4 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 47-55 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Joan F. Carroll ◽

Susan F. Franks ◽

Adam B. Smith ◽

David R. Phelps

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Gastric Banding ◽

Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽

Laparoscopic Gastric Banding ◽

Tissue Loss ◽

Gastric Banding Surgery ◽

Preliminary Study ◽

Visceral Adipose

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Abstract P232: Worse Cardiometabolic Health in African Immigrants than African-Americans: Reconsideration of the Healthy Immigrant Effect

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.129.suppl_1.p232 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Anne E Sumner ◽

Michelle Y O'Connor ◽

Caroline K Thoreson ◽

Madia Ricks ◽

Amber B Courville ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

African Americans ◽

Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽

African Immigrants ◽

Cardiometabolic Health ◽

Sensitivity Index ◽

Healthy Immigrant Effect ◽

Immigrant Effect ◽

Visceral Adipose

In decades past, African immigrants were considered to have better cardiometabolic health than African Americans. Whether this health advantage continues to exist in the 21st century is unknown. To explore differences in markers of cardiometabolic health, oral glucose tolerance tests, blood pressure (BP), visceral adipose tissue (VAT) volume and the waist circumference (WC) which predicts insulin resistance were compared in 210 men (134 African immigrants, 76 African Americans, mean age 36±9y (mean±SD), range 20-64y) who self-identified as healthy. Insulin resistance was defined by the lowest quartile of the insulin sensitivity index (SI≤2•28mU/L-1.min-1). Receiver operating characteristic curves and the Youden Index were used to identify the WC which optimally predicts insulin resistance. BMI was lower in African immigrants than African Americans (27.4±3.9 vs. 29.3±5.5kg/m2, P<0.01). Adjusting for BMI, WC did not differ between groups (93±5 vs. 94±5cm, P=0.55); but African immigrants had more visceral adipose tissue (VAT) (P<0.001) higher BP (P≤0.01), higher fasting glucose (P≤0.001) and 2h glucose (P<0.001) as well as a higher prevalence of previously undiagnosed diabetes (7% (9 of 134) vs. 0% (0 of 76), P<0.01) and pre-diabetes (35% (47 of 134) vs. 22% (17 of 76), P<0.01). Degree of insulin resistance did not differ in African immigrants and African Americans (4.17±2.88 vs. 4.24±2.61 (mU/L)-1 .min-1, P=0.88). Yet, the WC which optimally predicted insulin resistance was lower in African immigrants than African Americans, specifically 92 cm and 102 cm, respectively. As African immigrants had higher VAT, BP and glucose levels than African Americans, the healthy immigrant effect may no longer be a valid concept. As insulin resistance occurred at a lower WC in African immigrants than African Americans, lower BMI in African immigrants does not appear to provide protection from cardiometabolic risk.

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