scholarly journals Evaluation of Heavy Metal Pollutants From Plateau Mines in Wetland Surface Deposits

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Yu ◽  
Shi Kaiyi ◽  
Yuan Jie ◽  
Kuang Qiyu
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Surface Sediments ◽  
Potential Ecological Risk ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Artificial Wetlands ◽  
Mining Areas ◽  
Pollution Levels

The Liupanshui Minghu Wetland is a typical artificial urban wetland in a plateau mining region. It is important to identify the sources and potential ecological risks of heavy metal contaminants in its surface sediments to monitor the wetland and the downstream water quality and prevent pollution. In this study, we measured the concentrations of six toxic heavy metals (Pb, Zn, Cr, Cu, Ni, and Cd) in the surface sediments collected from the Liupanshui Minghu Wetland. Further, the geological accumulation indices of heavy metals and their potential ecological risk indices, pollution levels, and associated ecological hazards were evaluated. The average levels of Pb, Zn, Cr, Cu, Ni, and Cd in the superficial sediments were 197, 222, 79.0, 59.1, 68.6, 4.67 mg/kg, respectively. With the exception of Cr, the concentrations of the remaining metals were greater than the background levels in the region. The Statistical analysis indicated a strong correlation between Pb, Zn, Cr, and Cu (p < 0.01). The pollution in the wetland by these elements can be attributed to human activities such as transportation, industrial activity, and agricultural production. Ni and Cd pollution can be attributed to human activities, such as coal mining, and natural phenomena, such as the weathering of mountains and rocks. The geological accumulation indices of Zn, Ni, and Cu indicated low levels of accumulation and minimal contamination. Cd and Pb were moderately enriched, and the levels of Cd and Pb contamination ranged from moderate to high. The potential ecological risk to the Shiyuan region (S) was the highest among the three regions in the wetland park. It was followed by the Longtoutan (L) region, and the potential ecological risk was the lowest in the Erdaoba (E) region. Among the six heavy metals, Cd was the main contributor to pollution in the Minghu Wetland. This study also strives to provide theoretical basis and data support for the prevention and control of heavy metal pollution in artificial wetlands in Alpine mining areas.

scholarly journals Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution Levels in Sediments and of Ecological Risk by Quality Indices, Applying a Case Study: The Lower Danube River, Romania

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 1801
Author(s):  
Valentina Andreea Calmuc ◽  
Madalina Calmuc ◽  
Maxim Arseni ◽  
Catalina Maria Topa ◽  
Mihaela Timofti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Metal Pollution ◽  
Heavy Metal Pollution ◽  
Surface Sediments ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Potential Ecological Risk ◽  
Danube River ◽  
Pollution Indices

It is a well–known fact that heavy metal pollution in sediments causes serious problems not only in the Danube basin, but also in the large and small adjacent river streams. A suitable method for assessing the level of heavy metals and their toxicity in sediments is the calculation of pollution indices. The present research aims to assess heavy metal pollution in the Lower Danube surface sediments collected along the Danube course (between 180 and 60 km) up to the point where the Danube River flows into the Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve (a United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization – UNESCO, protected area). In addition, this monitored area is one of the largest European hydrographic basins. Five heavy metals (Cd, Ni, Zn, Pb, Cu) were analyzed in two different seasons, i.e., the autumn of 2018 and the spring of 2019, using the Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP– MS) technique. Our assessment of heavy metal pollution revealed two correlated aspects: 1. a determination of the potential risks of heavy metals in sediments by calculating the Potential Ecological Risk Index (RI), and 2. an evaluation of the influence of anthropogenic activities on the level of heavy metal contamination in the surface sediments, using three specific pollution indices, namely, the Geo–Accumulation Index (Igeo), the Contamination Factor (CF), and the Pollution Load Index (PLI). The results of this pioneering research activity in the region highlighted the presence of moderate metal (Ni and Cd) pollution and a low potential ecological risk for the aquatic environment.

scholarly journals Historical Evolution of Sources and Pollution Levels of Heavy Metals in the Sediment of the Shuanglong Reservoir, China

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1855 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zike Zhou ◽  
Yongping Wang ◽  
Haowei Teng ◽  
Hao Yang ◽  
Aiju Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Metal Content ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Potential Ecological Risk ◽  
Heavy Metal Content ◽  
Ecological Risk Index ◽  
Potential Ecological Risk Index ◽  
Pollution Levels

In this study, the concentrations of seven heavy metals (Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Hg, and Pb) and Pb isotope in a sediment core from the Shuanglong reservoir, Southwestern China, were investigated. Based on the constant rate of supply (CRS) model, the age span of a 60 cm sediment sample was determined to range from the years 1944 to 2015. Combined with chronology and heavy metal content, the evolution of the sources and pollution levels of heavy metals showed a changing trend composed of various stages. The sources of heavy metals transitioned from natural origins in 1944–1964 to industrial origins in 1965–2004. The subsequent reduction in heavy metal content was mainly due to the vigorous implementation of environmental protection policies from 2005 to 2012. In recent years (2013–2015), the heavy metal content has increased due to frequent human activity. Principal component analysis (PCA), correlation analysis, and the coefficient of variation (CV) analysis indicated that Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, and As were derived from natural processes, Pb mainly came from automobile manufacturing, and Hg was mainly from industrial sources. The values of the geo-accumulation index (Ig), single pollution index (Pi), and single potential ecological risk index (Er) showed that the contamination of Hg and Pb was slight to moderate. Moreover, the values of the potential ecological risk index (RI), pollution load index (PLI), and Nemerow index (PN) indicated that the Shuanglong reservoir is under low ecological risk.

scholarly journals Targeting Remediation Dredging by Ecological Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Lake Sediment: A Case Study of Shitang Lake, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (24) ◽  
pp. 7251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongya Fan ◽  
Wencai Wang ◽  
Chunyan Tang ◽  
Yiping Li ◽  
Zhong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Lake Sediment ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Potential Ecological Risk ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
High Pollution ◽  
And Migration

Understanding the spatial distribution and pollution characteristics of heavy metals in lake sediment is crucial for studying deposition and migration processes, assessing lake conditions, and determining the extent of remediation dredging. The present work is a case study of heavy metal pollution in Shitang Lake in Anhui province, China. Heavy metal concentrations were determined in sediment at locations across the lake to a depth of 100 cm, and pollution levels were assessed on the basis of the Geoaccumulation Index (Igeo) and Potential Ecological Risk Index (RI). Hg and Cd were the predominant heavy metals in the sediment, and the Igeo and RI indicated high pollution levels in the northern and southern zones of the lake. These findings can be used to guide the prioritization of dredging operations.

scholarly journals Potential Ecological Risks of Heavy Metals in Agricultural Soil Alongside Highways and Their Relationship with Landscape

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 800
Author(s):  
Cong Xu ◽  
Jie Pu ◽  
Bo Wen ◽  
Min Xia
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Agricultural Soil ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Potential Ecological Risk ◽  
Ecological Risks ◽  
Ecological Risk Index

The agricultural soil alongside highways has experienced multiple potential ecological risks from human activities. In this study, 100 soil samples near the highways were collected in Lishui District, Nanjing City. Using the single-factor pollution index, the Nemerow comprehensive pollution index, and the potential ecological risk index, the study investigated the heavy metal contents and distribution in roadside agricultural soil. PCA and a multiple regression model were applied to quantitatively analyze the spatial relationships between sampling soil heavy metal accumulation and the surrounding man-made landscape. The mean contents of Cu and Pb exceeded the background, while Cd, Cr, and Zn were lower than that. The potential ecological risk index exhibited a very low ecological hazard and only Cr in soils rarely showed moderate risk. Furthermore, quantitative analysis for the sources of contamination revealed that agricultural practices were the dominant contributors to the heavy metals, including Cd, Cu, and Zn, while road and heavy industrial practices contributed to Cr and Pb. The study provides sources of heavy metal pollution from human activities in roadside agricultural land and serves as a reference for ecological restoration.

Potential Ecological Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals Contamination in Surface Sediments of Ikpoba River, Southern Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-41
Author(s):  
AA Enuneku ◽  
F Ineh
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Ecological Risk Assessment ◽  
Surface Sediments ◽  
Contamination Factor ◽  
Potential Ecological Risk ◽  
Potential Ecological Risk Assessment ◽  
Heavy Metals Contamination

The potential ecological risk assessment of heavy metals contamination in surface sediments of Ikpoba River, Edo State was estimated in this study after assessment of heavy metal concentrations in surface sediments from seven stations of the study area. Heavy metals were analyzed in the sediments using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The index of geo-accumulation for the metals (Lead (Pb); Iron (Fe); Nickel (Ni) and Copper (Cu)) studied were less than zero showing that the stations sampled were unpolluted with heavy metals. Contamination factor followed same pattern. Generally, there was a low potential ecological risk for heavy metal contamination to sediment dwelling organisms. However, station 4 (Capitol) was moderately contaminated and extremely enriched with Cu. Heavy metal values in this study were below the EPA limits for sediments except station 4 which was heavily polluted with Cu following the EPA guidelines. Regular monitoring and assessment of pollution load of Ikpoba River is recommended.

scholarly journals Distribution and Potential Ecological Risk of Heavy Metals in Water, Sediments, and Aquatic Macrophytes: A Case Study of the Junction of Four Rivers in Linyi City, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (16) ◽  
pp. 2861 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiuling Li ◽  
Henglun Shen ◽  
Yongjun Zhao ◽  
Weixing Cao ◽  
Changwei Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Metal Pollution ◽  
Heavy Metal Pollution ◽  
Aquatic Macrophyte ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Potential Ecological Risk ◽  
Metal Concentrations

The Yi River, the second longest river in Shandong Province, China, flows through Linyi City and is fed by three tributary rivers, Beng River, Liuqing River, and Su River in the northeastern part of the city. In this study, we determined the concentrations of five heavy metals (Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb) in water, sediment, and aquatic macrophyte samples collected from the junction of the four rivers and evaluated the potential ecological risk of heavy metal pollution. Most of the heavy metals in water were in low concentrations with the water quality index (WQI) below 1, suggesting low metal pollution. The sediments showed low heavy metal concentrations, suggesting a low ecological risk based on the potential ecological risk index (RI) and the geo-accumulation index (Igeo). The aquatic plant species Potamogeton crispus accumulated considerable amounts of heavy metals, which were closely related to the metal concentrations of the sediment. The plant species Salvinia natans also showed an excellent metal accumulation capability. Based on our results, the junction of the four rivers is only slightly polluted in terms of heavy metals, and the plant species P. crispus is a suitable bioindicator for sediment heavy metal pollution.

scholarly journals Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution and Potential Ecological Risk in Sewage Sludge from Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant Located in the Most Industrialized Region in Poland—Case Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (13) ◽  
pp. 2430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malwina Tytła
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Potential Ecological Risk ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Chemical Forms

This study aimed to assess the pollution and potential ecological risk of seven heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in the sewage sludge collected from a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), located in the most industrialized region of Poland (Silesian Voivodeship). The concentrations of heavy metals were determined using inductively coupled plasma optical spectrometry (ICP-OES) and cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry (CVAAS). The chemical forms (chemical speciation) of heavy metals were determined using the three-step chemical sequential extraction procedure, developed by the Community Bureau of Reference (BCR). To assess the pollution level and potential ecological risk, the following indices were used: Geoaccumulation Index (Igeo), Potential Ecological Risk Factor (ER), Individual Contamination Factor (ICF), Risk Assessment Code (RAC), and Ecological Risk Factor (ERF)—the author’s index. Sludge samples were collected at successive stages of processing. The results revealed that the activated sludge process and sludge thickening have a significant impact on heavy metal distribution, while anaerobic digestion and dehydration decrease their mobility. The most dominant metals in the sludge samples were Zn and Cu. However, the content of heavy metals in sewage sludge did not exceed the permissible standards for agricultural purposes. The concentrations of heavy metals bound to the immobile fractions exhibited higher concentrations, compared to those bound to mobile fractions (except Zn). The values of the total indices indicated that sludge samples were moderately to highly contaminated with Zn, Hg, Cd, Cu, and Pb, of which only Hg, Cd, and Cu posed a potential ecological risk, while according to the speciation indices, sludge samples were moderately to very highly polluted with Zn, Cu, Cd, Cr, and Ni, of which Zn, Ni, and Cd were environmentally hazardous. The obtained results proved that assessment of the pollution level and potential ecological risk of heavy metals in sewage sludge requires knowledge on both their total concentrations and their chemical forms. Such an approach will help prevent secondary pollution of soils with heavy metals, which may influence the reduction of health risks associated with the consumption of plants characterized by a high metal content.

Distribution Characteristics and Potential Ecological Risk Assessments and Heavy Metals in Surface Sediments and Water Body of the Yalu River Estuary China

2014 ◽  
Vol 522-524 ◽  
pp. 88-91
Author(s):  
Yao Qing Wu ◽  
Li Li
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Water Body ◽  
Surface Sediments ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Potential Ecological Risk ◽  
Yalu River ◽  
Total Hg ◽  
Ecological Risk Assessments

Surface sediments and water body of the Yalu River estuary were monitored to evaluate the spatial distribution and the enrichment condition of heavy metals: As, Cu, Cd, Cr, Hg, Pb and Zn. Surface sediment samples and water samples were collected from 5 stations, at seven month intervals from May 2012 to November 2012. The correlation of the heavy metals in the surface sediments and the water body was analyzed by using Pearson method. And the method of potential ecological risk index presented by Hakanson was used to evaluate the potential ecological risk of heavy metal pollution in the Yalu River estuary. The results showed that, the order of heavy metals spatial fluctuation degree was Zn > Cr > Pb > Cu > total As > Cd > total Hg, the fluctuation degree of total contents of heavy metals was A1 > A3 > A2 ≈ A4 > A5. The evaluation of potential ecological risk showed that, total Hg reflected considerate ecological risk, total As and Cd reflected moderate ecological risk, and the rest of the heavy metals posed a low ecological risk.

Application of Principal Component Analysis for the Estimation of Source of Heavy Metal Contamination in Sugarcane Soil

2014 ◽  
Vol 651-653 ◽  
pp. 1402-1409
Author(s):  
Gui Ping Xu ◽  
Xiao Fei Wang ◽  
Li Jun Chen
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Metal Contamination ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Potential Ecological Risk

Concentrations of heavy metals in sugarcane soil of Guangxi were determined and the potential ecological risk index was used simultaneously to evaluate the extent of heavy metals enrichment contamination. Results showed that the pollution extent of heavy metals in sugarcane soil by potential ecological risk followed the order: Cd>Pb>Cu>Zn, Cu and Zn were slightly polluted, with small potential ecological harm, while Pb and Cd were above moderately polluted, with heavy potential ecological harm. Principal component analysis was applied to estimate the sources of heavy metals contamination, the results indicated that the first two components accounted for 61.016% and 26.920% of the total variance respectively, 4 kinds of heavy metal elements had similar sources, tailing dam lead-zinc concentrator upstream along the coast was the main sources of heavy metal contamination.

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