scholarly journals Biomonitoring Studies in Geothermal Areas: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierfranco Lattanzi ◽  
Renato Benesperi ◽  
Guia Morelli ◽  
Valentina Rimondi ◽  
Giovanni Ruggieri
Keyword(s):  
Geothermal Energy ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Power Production ◽  
Natural Background ◽  
Geothermal Fields ◽  
Cost Benefit Ratio ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Background Prior ◽  
Energy Exploitation

Biomonitoring is a widely employed approach to track changes in the environment. Its use to assess the impact of geothermal energy exploitation for power production is comparatively minor, and largely referred to Tuscany, Italy, geothermal fields. Most examples describe impacts on vegetation, particularly lichens. Biomonitoring proved useful as a tool to reveal the distribution of specific contaminants (e.g., mercury and H2S), and as an overall indicator of the impact on ecosystems. In consideration of the comparatively low cost/benefit ratio, the use of biomonitoring should be encouraged. In particular, it could prove useful to establish the natural background prior to development of geothermal exploitation, and to document any subsequent change.

scholarly journals Cost efficient internet of things based smart farm system for rural farmers: Leveraging design thinking approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-120
Author(s):  
Segun Adebayo ◽  
Ozichi Emuoyibofarhe ◽  
Tolulope Awofolaju
Keyword(s):  
Design Thinking ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Impact Performance ◽  
Farm Productivity ◽  
Cost Benefit Ratio ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Farmers are faced with challenges of producing enough food and the use of traditional methods seems not to keep pace with the ever-growing demand of the populace thus creating increased concern in food scarcity. Although it has been identified that smart tools will enhance the production pace needed in the Agricultural sector, unfortunately, most of these tools are designed for farmers without their inputs, thus creating tools that are not meeting demands. This study focused on a farmer-centered design, development, and deployment approach to improving farm productivity. The design thinking approach was used to identify the specific need of the farmers in selected areas, ideas were created using brainstorming sessions involving experts in the field, and prototypes were developed and deployed to evaluate the impact performance. The result shows that the proposed system improved the cost-benefit ratio of crop farming from 2.14 to 2.26. This is a 12% productivity increase.

scholarly journals Impacts of Coal Railroad Transportation Project on GDP Promotion and Unemployment Reduction in Bengkulu Province, Indonesia

2013 ◽  
Vol 216 ◽  
pp. 02-24
Author(s):  
PAULUS KURNIAWAN ◽  
KEMBAR SRI BUDHI ◽  
SUYANA UTAMA ◽  
MAHAENDRA YASA
Keyword(s):  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Economic Indicator ◽  
Internal Rate Of Return ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit Ratio ◽  
Railroad System ◽  
The Unemployed ◽  
The Impact

massive, advanced and integrated railroad system for coal transportation (referred to hereafter as ?Project?) from Muara Enim, Sumatra Selatan Province to the new coal port at Pulau Baai, Bengkulu Province, Indonesia is developed by a private investor together with the local government (PEMDA) of Bengkulu Province to make the best use of abundant coal resources in the region. This paper analyzes the impact of this Project on the Bengkulu economy, which is currently considered low. The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is adopted as the economic indicator. The study combines the theories of export base and economic base, economic and regional developments, cost-benefit analysis and economic impact study with the empirical data. The results show the Project?s financial feasibility with Cost-Benefit Ratio of 1.61, Internal Rate of Return of 21.1% and Payback Period of 5 years, which will provide a significant contribution to the Bengkulu GDP growth and a decrease of 821,600 people among the unemployed.

scholarly journals Firms Political Connections and Winning Government Contracts

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saidatou Dicko
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Political Connections ◽  
Government Contracts ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Canadian Context ◽  
Cost Benefit Ratio ◽  
Corporate Actions ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

<p>This study investigates the impact of political connections on the awarding of government contracts to Canadian companies.<strong> </strong>Two-stage least squares (2SLS) analyses were performed on a sample of S&amp;P/TSX companies from 2010 to 2014 inclusively.<strong> </strong>The results show that political connections are positively and significantly associated with the winning of government contracts. Politically connected firms obtain more government contracts and higher contract values than non-connected firms. Political connections thus appear to be directly associated with securing government contracts in the Canadian context. Firms can view political connections as a non-market, long-term strategy to help them gain competitive advantages and improve their performance. Accordingly, they tend to appoint directors and managers taking these connections and the advantages that can be gained into account. However, they must seriously consider the cost-benefit ratio of this strategy. For example, the costs incurred could be ethical in nature and firms could find themselves in a position of conflict of interest that could lead to extensive negative media exposure.<strong> </strong>These results alert regulatory and governmental organizations to the need for them to remain vigilant and to strengthen corporate governance regulations to prevent the excesses and abuses that could arise from firms’ political actions.<strong> </strong>Our study is the first to demonstrate a direct relationship between corporate political connections and government contracts in the Canadian context. The results confirm the growing interdependence between politics and business, particularly the increase in the number of corporate actions intended to influence government decisions.</p>

scholarly journals Determination of suitable species combination for good aquaculture practice based carp fattening in ponds under drought prone barind area of Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-122
Author(s):  
Md. Akhtar Hossain ◽  
Md. Anwar Hossain ◽  
Md. Ayenuddin Haque ◽  
Md. Mostafizur Rahman Mondol ◽  
Md. Harun Ur Rashid
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Fish Yield ◽  
Benefit Ratio ◽  
Safe Production ◽  
Water Layers ◽  
Cost Benefit Ratio ◽  
Species Combination

Increased temperature, decreased water level and reduced culture period of the ponds with lack of guidelines in selecting appropriate stocking size, density and combination of species are major constraints for safe production of fattening based carps in drought prone barind area of Bangladesh. In order to address these problems, an experiment was conducted during July-December, 2018 to determine the suitable species combination for fattening ponds of overwintered carps in Tanore upazila (sub district) of Rajshahi district, Bangladesh. Three different combinations of surface (G. catla and H. molitrix), column (L. rohita) and bottom (C. cirrhosus and C. carpio var. specularis) feeding carp species were tested under 3 treatments (T1, T2 and T3), each with 3 replications: T1 (Surface-30%, column-40%, and bottom-30%), T2 (Surface-40%, column-30%, and bottom-30%) and T3 (Surface-35%, column-35%, and bottom-30%). Application of good aquaculture practices in the studied ponds was found to improve the environmental conditions of pond. Significantly (P< 0.05) highest fish yield was obtained from treatment T2 which was 21.47% and 11.89% higher than T1 and T3, respectively.  Significantly (P<0.05) highest cost benefit ratio was recorded with treatment T2 (0.42±0.02) followed by T3 (0.31±0.01) and T1 (0.21±0.01), respectively. Inclusion of appropriate number of fishes at different water layers of pond favoured the yield and economics of carp fattening. The study also suggests focusing on optimal stocking density together with the formulation of low cost feed for carp fattening in ponds under barind area of Bangladesh.

Carp polyculture in ponds in greater Mymensingh, Bangladesh.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke Colavito
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Training Programme ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Internal Rate Of Return ◽  
Extensive Training ◽  
Cost Benefit Ratio ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Aquaculture Production

Abstract The greater Mymensingh area comprises seven districts and a population of over 17 million people (2002). This area was the location of DANIDA's Mymensingh Aquaculture Extension Project (MAEP) implemented jointly with the Government of Bangladesh (GOB) to assess the potential of aquaculture to alleviate poverty. The MAEP (1989-2003) promoted carp polyculture through the development of hatcheries, nurseries, micro-credit, and an extensive training programme targeted at the poorest households. The MAEP played a key role in initiating improved aquaculture practice in Bangladesh. Winrock International was engaged by DANIDA to document the impact of the MAEP. In the Mymensingh area, over 1.4 million households have adopted carp polyculture. Annual income per household from carp polyculture is US$ 145 (2002). Unit yields increased from 1 to 3.3 t ha-1 from 1989 to 2002. Total production has increased from 85,000 to 351,000 t resulting in an annual increase in revenue of US$ 204 million. Over 40% of Bangladesh's aquaculture production now comes from greater Mymensingh, which has less than 10% of the nation's population. The Internal Rate of Return (IRR) for the MAEP investment is 224% and the cost benefit ratio is 1:27. The MAEP has had a profound impact in improving the lives of the rural poor.

scholarly journals The impact of spectral resolution on satellite retrieval accuracy of CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub>

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 10399-10441
Author(s):  
A. Galli ◽  
S. Guerlet ◽  
A. Butz ◽  
I. Aben ◽  
H. Suto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Resolution ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Model Errors ◽  
Water Abundance ◽  
Retrieval Accuracy ◽  
Selective Degradation ◽  
Cost Benefit Ratio ◽  
The Fourier Transform ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. The Fourier-transform spectrometer on board the Japanese GOSAT satellite offers an excellent opportunity to study the impact of instrument resolution on retrieval accuracy of CO2 and CH4. This is relevant to further improve retrieval accuracy and to optimize the cost-benefit ratio of future satellite missions for the remote sensing of greenhouse gases. To address this question, we degrade GOSAT measurements with a spectral resolution of &amp;approx; 0.24 cm−1 step-by-step to a resolution of 1.5 cm−1. We examine the results by comparing relative differences at various resolutions, by referring the results to reference values from the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON), and by calculating and inverting synthetic spectra for which the true CO2 and CH4 columns are known. The main impacts of degrading the spectral resolution turn out to be consistent for the first two approaches; pure forward model errors identified with simulated measurements are much smaller. For GOSAT spectra, the most notable effect on CO2 retrieval accuracy is the increase of the standard deviation of retrieval errors from 0.7% to 1.0% when the spectral resolution is reduced by a factor of six. The retrieval biases against atmospheric water abundance and airmass become stronger with decreasing resolution. The error scatter increase for CH4 columns is less pronounced. The selective degradation of single spectral windows demonstrates that the retrieval accuracy of CO2 and CH4 is dominated by the spectral range where the absorption lines of the target molecule are located. For both GOSAT and synthetic measurements, retrieval accuracy decreases with lower spectral resolution, suggesting increasing interference errors.

scholarly journals The Role of the Clinical Pharmacist in an Irish University Teaching Hospital: A Mixed-Methods Study

Pharmacy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Sarah Ronan ◽  
Nicola Shannon ◽  
Katie Cooke ◽  
Trish McKeon ◽  
Elaine K. Walsh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Mixed Methods Study ◽  
Drug Event ◽  
Benefit Ratio ◽  
Cost Avoidance ◽  
Cost Benefit Ratio ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Medication review (MR) is a vital part of the pharmacist’s role in hospital. However, in the South Infirmary Victoria University Hospital (SIVUH), Cork, Ireland, this has not been fully implemented due to resource issues. In addition, the cost of providing this service has not been evaluated. Moreover, it is not clear how other members of the multidisciplinary team e.g., Nurses, value any interventions made as a result of the MR. This mixed methods study assessed the impact of MR in terms of (i) potential clinical harm, (ii) cost avoidance and (iii) the views of nursing staff on the role of the pharmacist. The setting is a 192-bed, voluntary, acute hospital, in the Munster region of Ireland. Study I: The pharmacist provided MR to patients conventionally once a week. Any interventions were then assessed for potential clinical harm and to calculate cost avoidance. Study II: Semi-structured interviews, guided by a topic guide were completed with 12 nurses (11 female). Thematic analysis was used to code the main themes. Main outcome measure: To estimate the cost, cost avoidance, and the net cost benefit ratio of MR provided by pharmacists. Study I: Of 128 patients who received the MR, 113 interventions were made. The estimated cost of providing the MR was €2559 (senior pharmacist). Using €1084 as the cost of an adverse drug event (ADE), the cost avoidance was calculated at €42,330. This led to a net cost benefit of €39,771 (senior pharmacist) which equated to a net cost benefit ratio of 16.5:1. Study II: The main themes were (i) perceptions of pharmacy services, (ii) the role of the pharmacist—past, present and future, and (iii) teamwork and communication. Nurses expressed a desire to have more pharmacists present on the wards.

scholarly journals Impact of improved technology on chickpea production through cluster front line demonstration on farmers field

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
B. L. Jat ◽  
A. S. Jat ◽  
H. R. Choudhary ◽  
Nidhi . ◽  
Bhawana Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Front Line ◽  
Benefit Ratio ◽  
Net Return ◽  
Cent Increase ◽  
Cost Benefit Ratio ◽  
Improved Technology ◽  
The Impact

The study was conducted on farmers field in Nagaur district during 2018 to 2019 to know the impact of improved technologies on chickpea production through Cluster Front Line Demonstration. The demonstrated technologies increase the chickpea seed production 14.24 and 19.31 q/ha during 2018 and 2019 with the per cent increase in of 16.2 and 26.7 respectively. The net return in demonstration technology was 38474 during 2018 and the same 58829 was in 2019. The ultimate cost benefit ratio was also higher 2.6 and 3.11 in demonstration technology during both the years as compared to local check 2.2 and 2.61 respectively.

scholarly journals Water use efficiency of coriander produced in a low-cost hydroponic system

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 1152-1158 ◽  
Author(s):  
José A. Santos Júnior ◽  
Hans R. Gheyi ◽  
Antônio R. Cavalcante ◽  
Salomão de S. Medeiros ◽  
Nildo da S. Dias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Hydroponic System ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design ◽  
Cost Benefit Ratio ◽  
Use Efficiency

ABSTRACT The increase of water use efficiency in crop production is a clear need in areas with restricted access to this resource and, in these cases, the adoption of forms of cultivation contextualized to local conditions are essential. Thus, the implications of the variation in the amount of seeds per cell (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 g) and spacing between cells (7.0, 10.0 and 15.0 cm) on variables related to consumption and water use efficiency for the production of coriander (cv. Tabocas) in a low-cost hydroponic system, an alternative for semiarid regions, were evaluated. A completely randomized experimental design, analysed in 4 x 3 factorial scheme with three replicates, was adopted, and the data were subjected to analysis of variance at 0.05 probability level. It was found that the reduction in the spacing between cells has a better cost-benefit ratio with respect to water consumption, biomass produced and cost of seeds. Therefore, it is recommended the adoption of a spacing of 7.0 cm between cells and the use of 1.0 g seeds per cell; this configuration promoted efficiency of 81.59 g L-1 in shoot green mass production and total mass of 62.4 g coriander bunches.

scholarly journals Effect of Instructor-Personalized Multimedia in the Online Classroom

2009 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Jean Mandernach
Keyword(s):  
Student Engagement ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Online Course ◽  
College Level ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
University Policy ◽  
Conflicting Evidence ◽  
Cost Benefit Ratio ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

There is considerable evidence that well-designed multimedia resources can enhance learning outcomes, yet there is little information on the role of multimedia in influencing essential motivational variables, such as student engagement. The current study examines the impact of instructor-personalized multimedia supplements on student engagement in an introductory, college-level online course. A comparison of student engagement between courses that feature increasing numbers of instructor-personalized multimedia components reveals conflicting evidence. While qualitative student feedback indicates enhanced engagement as a function of instructor-generated multimedia supplements, quantitative data reports no significant differences in engagement or learning between the various levels of multimedia inclusion. Findings highlight the complexity surrounding the appropriate use of multimedia within an online course. University policy-makers and instructors are cautioned to examine carefully the cost-benefit ratio of multimedia inclusion for online learning environments.

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