scholarly journals Multi-Year Survey and Bayesian Modeling Approach for Characterizing Arsenic Pollution in Marine Clams Cultivated Along the Tidal Flats of Mid-Eastern China

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinzhi Wang ◽  
Ying Ma ◽  
Lu Chen ◽  
Wenying Zhang ◽  
Xiang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Eastern China ◽  
Dietary Exposure ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Tidal Flats ◽  
Arsenic Pollution ◽  
Chinese Adults ◽  
Spawning Period ◽  
As Species ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Production Areas

Marine clam is one of the main sources of arsenic (As), and the tidal flats of Jiangsu Province are considered major culturing areas for clams in mid-eastern China. In view of increasingly severe pollution in this region, concerns have been raised by the consumers with the safety of clams they purchased or may purchase. To address these concerns, we conducted a multi-year survey to determine the levels of As and As species in five major clam species cultivated in eight production areas of this region. Based on the above analysis data, Bayesian statistics used a Markov Chain Monte Carlo approach was applied to predict the toxic As residue distributions in clams produced in this region and their health risks to Chinese adults. It was found that the bioaccumulation ability of total As (tAs) and inorganic As (iAs) was species-specific, while Mactra veneriformis (MV) had the strongest accumulation capacity for toxic iAs (0.22–2.85 mg/kg dw). Up to 6.7% of the tested MV samples exceeding the iAs limit of China Food and Drug Administration. The content of iAs was also found to be related significantly to the harvest seasons, with clam in the spawning period (June) having the lowest iAs concentrations. The non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health risk from dietary exposure to iAs associated with MV consumption was rather high, which suggested that specific attention should be paid to the safety of clam consumption in this region.

scholarly journals Flight-call as species-specific signal in South American parrots and the effect of species relatedness in call similarity

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos B. de Araújo ◽  
Paulo A. M. Marques ◽  
Jacques M. E. Vielliard
Keyword(s):  
South American ◽  
Specific Signal ◽  
As Species ◽  
Species Specific

scholarly journals Trichothecene Genotypes of Fusarium graminearum Populations Isolated from Winter Wheat Crops in Serbia

Toxins ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vesna Krnjaja ◽  
Slavica Stanković ◽  
Ana Obradović ◽  
Tanja Petrović ◽  
Violeta Mandić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Morphological Observation ◽  
Specific Primer ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
As Species ◽  
Species Specific

Fusarium graminearum as the main causal agent of Fusarium head blight (FHB) and its ability to produce trichothecenes was investigated by molecular techniques. A total of 37 strains isolated from the wheat, harvested in Serbia in 2005, 2008 and 2015, and previously designated by morphological observation as F. graminearum, were used for trichothecene genotypes characterization. The strains were identified using the species-specific primer set FG16R/FG16F while genotypic characterization was done using specific TRI13 and TRI3 sequences of the trichothecene gene clusters. The PCR assays identified all strains as species of F. graminearum sensu stricto with the DON/15-ADON genotype. The quantification of the mycotoxin (DON) was performed using the biochemical assay. The high levels of DON (>20,000 µg kg−1) were recorded in all of the strains from 2005, four strains from 2008 and two strains from 2015. Weather data of the investigated seasons, showed that the optimal temperature, frequent rains and high relative humidity (RH) was very favourable for the development of F. graminearum, affecting the DON biosynthesis.

scholarly journals Geochemical and microstructural characterisation of two species of cool-water bivalves (<i>Fulvia tenuicostata</i> and <i>Soletellina biradiata</i>) from Western Australia

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1721-1737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liza M. Roger ◽  
Annette D. George ◽  
Jeremy Shaw ◽  
Robert D. Hart ◽  
Malcolm Roberts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Organic Matrix ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Crystallographic Structure ◽  
Marine Bivalve ◽  
Ionic Substitution ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Bivalve Shells

Abstract. The shells of two marine bivalve species (Fulvia tenuicostata and Soletellina biradiata) endemic to south Western Australia have been characterised using a combined crystallographic, spectroscopic and geochemical approach. Both species have been described previously as purely aragonitic; however, this study identified the presence of three phases, namely aragonite, calcite and Mg-calcite, using XRD analysis. Data obtained via confocal Raman spectroscopy, electron probe microanalysis and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) show correlations between Mg ∕ S and Mg ∕ P in F. tenuicostata and between Sr ∕ S and S ∕ Ba in S. biradiata. The composition of the organic macromolecules that constitute the shell organic matrix (i.e. the soluble phosphorus-dominated and/or insoluble sulfur-dominated fraction) influences the incorporation of Mg, Sr and Ba into the crystal lattice. Ionic substitution, particularly Ca2+ by Mg2+ in calcite in F. tenuicostata, appears to have been promoted by the combination of both S- and P-dominated organic macromolecules. The elemental composition of these two marine bivalve shells is species specific and influenced by many factors, such as crystallographic structure, organic macromolecule composition and environmental setting. In order to reliably use bivalve shells as proxies for paleoenvironmental reconstructions, both the organic and inorganic crystalline material need to be characterised to account for all influencing factors and accurately describe the vital effect.

scholarly journals Uneven distribution of cryptic diversity among higher taxa of parasitic worms

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Poulin
Keyword(s):  
Cryptic Species ◽  
Zoonotic Diseases ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Morphological Markers ◽  
Molecular Tools ◽  
Invasive Pathogens ◽  
Higher Taxa ◽  
As Species ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Parasitic Worms

Cryptic species cause problems for estimates of biodiversity. In the case of parasites, cryptic species also plague efforts to detect potential zoonotic diseases or invasive pathogens. It is crucial to determine whether the likelihood of finding cryptic species differs among higher parasite taxa, to better calibrate estimates of diversity and monitor diseases. Using published reports of cryptic species of helminth parasites identified using molecular tools, I show that the number of species found is strongly related to the number of parasite individuals sequenced, weakly influenced by the number of host species from which parasites were obtained, and unaffected by the genetic markers used. After correction for these factors, more cryptic species of trematodes are found than in other helminth taxa. Although several features distinguish trematodes from other helminths, it is probable that our inability to discriminate among sibling species of trematodes results from their lack of structures serving as species-specific morphological markers. The available data suggest that current estimates of helminth diversity may need to be doubled (tripled for trematodes) to better reflect extant diversity.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection and variables associated with seropositivity in donkeys in eastern China

Parasite ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing-Feng Meng ◽  
Dan Li ◽  
Gui-Zhe Yao ◽  
Yang Zou ◽  
Wei Cong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Shandong Province ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Equus Asinus ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii Infection ◽  
Production Areas ◽  
And Control

Donkeys (Equus asinus) are widely distributed throughout China; they are used for their meat, as food, and certain donkey-derived items are also important for traditional Chinese medicinal purposes. However, only limited information is available on Toxoplasma gondii infection in donkeys in China, especially the eastern region, which is one of the largest production areas. Thus, the present study was conducted to detect specific anti-T. gondii antibodies using a commercially available indirect hemagglutination test (IHA) kit and to evaluate the risk factors that are associated with seroprevalence in the Shandong province of eastern China. A total of 213/1278 (17%) donkeys tested from Shandong province were positive for T. gondii antibodies. Statistical analysis revealed that gender and feeding habits of the animal are associated with T. gondii infection. These results provide information for the prevention and control of toxoplasmosis in donkeys, other animals, and humans in this region and elsewhere.

scholarly journals Restoration Scaling Approaches to Addressing Ecological Injury: The Habitat-Based Resource Equivalency Method

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Baker ◽  
Adam Domanski ◽  
Terill Hollweg ◽  
Jason Murray ◽  
Diana Lane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resource ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
Habitat Equivalency Analysis ◽  
Natural Resource Damage Assessment ◽  
As Species ◽  
Ecological Habitat ◽  
Multiple Species ◽  
Species Specific

AbstractNatural resource trustee agencies must determine how much, and what type of environmental restoration will compensate for injuries to natural resources that result from releases of hazardous substances or oil spills. To fulfill this need, trustees, and other natural resource damage assessment (NRDA) practitioners have relied on a variety of approaches, including habitat equivalency analysis (HEA) and resource equivalency analysis (REA). The purpose of this paper is to introduce the Habitat-Based Resource Equivalency Method (HaBREM), which integrates REA’s reproducible injury metrics and population modeling with HEA’s comprehensive habitat approach to restoration. HaBREM is intended to evaluate injury and restoration using organisms that use the habitat to represent ecological habitat functions. This paper seeks to expand and refine the use of organism-based metrics (biomass-based REA), providing an opportunity to integrate sublethal injuries to multiple species, as well as the potential to include error rates for injury and restoration parameters. Applied by NRDA practitioners in the appropriate context, this methodology can establish the relationship between benefits of compensatory restoration projects and injuries to plant or animal species within an affected habitat. HaBREM may be most effective where there are appropriate data supporting the linkage between habitat and species gains (particularly regionally specific habitat information), as well as species-specific monitoring data and predictions on the growth, density, productivity (i.e., rate of generation of biomass or individuals), and age distributions of indicator species.

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