scholarly journals Commentary: Oxidative stress as a cost of reproduction: beyond the simplistic trade-off model

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Costantini
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cost Of Reproduction ◽  
Trade Off

Oxidative stress as a cost of reproduction: Beyond the simplistic trade-off model

BioEssays ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Speakman ◽  
Michael Garratt
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cost Of Reproduction ◽  
Trade Off

scholarly journals Plasma oxidative stress in reproduction of two eusocial African mole-rat species, the naked mole-rat and the Damaraland mole-rat

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Juan Jacobs ◽  
Daniel William Hart ◽  
Nigel Charles Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reproductive Investment ◽  
Redox Balance ◽  
Cost Of Reproduction ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Mole Rat ◽  
Naked Mole Rat ◽  
Total Antioxidant

AbstractOne of the most prominent life-history trade-offs involves the cost of reproduction. Oxidative stress has been proposed to be involved in this trade-off and has been associated with reduced life span. There is currently an unclear relationship between oxidative cost and the reproduction-longevity trade-off. The current study, using a non-lethal and minimally invasive (only a single blood sample and no euthanasia) method, investigated whether an oxidative cost (oxidative stress) to reproduction would be apparent in two long-lived eusocial mole-rats, the naked mole-rat (NMR), Heterocephalus glaber, and the Damaraland mole-rat (DMR), Fukomys damarensis, where breeding colony members live longer than non-breeder conspecifics. We measured the direct redox balance in plasma by measuring the oxidative stress index (OSI) based on the ratio of total oxidant status and total antioxidant activity in breeders and non-breeders of both sexes, in the two species. NMR had significantly higher OSI between breeders and non-breeders of each sex, whereas DMR showed no significant differences except for total antioxidant capacity (TAC). The mode of reproductive suppression and the degree of reproductive investment in NMR may explain to some degree the redox balance difference between breeders and non-breeders. DMR show minimal physiological changes between breeders and non-breeders except for the mode of reproduction, which may explain some variations in TAC and TOS values, but similar OSI between breeders and non-breeders.

scholarly journals Cost of reproduction in the Queensland fruit fly: Y-model versus lethal protein hypothesis

2012 ◽  
Vol 279 (1749) ◽  
pp. 4893-4900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin G. Fanson ◽  
Kerry V. Fanson ◽  
Phillip W. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Cost Of Reproduction ◽  
Limited Resources ◽  
Differential Allocation ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Protein Ingestion ◽  
Model Versus ◽  
Allocation Strategies

The trade-off between lifespan and reproduction is commonly explained by differential allocation of limited resources. Recent research has shown that the ratio of protein to carbohydrate (P : C) of a fly's diet mediates the lifespan–reproduction trade-off, with higher P : C diets increasing egg production but decreasing lifespan. To test whether this P : C effect is because of changing allocation strategies (Y-model hypothesis) or detrimental effects of protein ingestion on lifespan (lethal protein hypothesis), we measured lifespan and egg production in Queensland fruit flies varying in reproductive status (mated, virgin and sterilized females, virgin males) that were fed one of 18 diets varying in protein and carbohydrate amounts. The Y-model predicts that for sterilized females and for males, which require little protein for reproduction, there will be no effect of P : C ratio on lifespan; the lethal protein hypothesis predicts that the effect of P : C ratio should be similar in all groups. In support of the lethal protein hypothesis, and counter to the Y-model, the P : C ratio of the ingested diets had similar effects for all groups. We conclude that the trade-off between lifespan and reproduction is mediated by the detrimental side-effects of protein ingestion on lifespan.

The cost of reproduction in women: Reproductive effort and oxidative stress in premenopausal and postmenopausal American women

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. e23069 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Ziomkiewicz ◽  
Amara Frumkin ◽  
Yawei Zhang ◽  
Amelia Sancilio ◽  
Richard G. Bribiescas
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reproductive Effort ◽  
Cost Of Reproduction ◽  
American Women ◽  
The Cost ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

scholarly journals Evidence for the Cost of Reproduction in Humans: High Lifetime Reproductive Effort Is Associated with Greater Oxidative Stress in Post-Menopausal Women

PLoS ONE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. e0145753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Ziomkiewicz ◽  
Amelia Sancilio ◽  
Andrzej Galbarczyk ◽  
Magdalena Klimek ◽  
Grazyna Jasienska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reproductive Effort ◽  
Cost Of Reproduction ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Post Menopausal ◽  
The Cost

scholarly journals The Cost of Reproduction in a Cooperatively Breeding Mammal: Consequences of Seasonal Variation in Rainfall, Reproduction, and Reproductive Suppression

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Juan Jacobs ◽  
Daniel William Hart ◽  
Tobias Suess ◽  
Andries Koch Janse van Vuuren ◽  
Nigel Charles Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Cost Of Reproduction ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Breeding Period ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Reproductive Suppression ◽  
Mole Rat ◽  
Cooperatively Breeding ◽  
The Cost

Biological investments, such as reproduction, are influenced by both biotic and abiotic factors and their interactions. The trade-off between reproduction and survival has been well established. Seasonally breeding species, therefore, may exhibit variations in these trade-offs, but there is a dearth of knowledge concerning this. This study investigated the physiological cost of reproduction (measured through oxidative stress) across seasons in the cooperatively breeding highveld mole-rat (Cryptomys hottentotus pretoriae), one of the few seasonal breeding mole-rats. Oxidative stress indicates elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, which can overwhelm antioxidant defences resulting in damaged proteins, lipids and DNA, which overall can reduce longevity and compromise reproduction. Oxidative markers such as total oxidant status (TOS-measure of total peroxides present), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), oxidative stress index (OSI), and malondialdehyde (MDA) are utilised to measure oxidative stress. In this study, breeding and non-breeding male (NBM) and female mole-rats were captured during the dry season (breeding period) and wet season (non-breeding period). There was an apparent cost of reproduction in the highveld mole-rat; however, the seasonality pattern to the cost of reproduction varied between the sexes. Breeding females (BFs) had significantly higher MDA during the breeding period/dry season in comparison to the non-breeding period/wet season; this is possibly a consequence of bearing and nursing offspring. Contrastingly, breeding males (BMs) showed increased oxidative damage in the non-breeding/wet season compared to the breeding/dry season, possibly due to increased activities of protecting their mating rights for the next breeding/dry season, but this was not significant. Interestingly, during the non-breeding period/wet season, non-breeding females (NBFs) are released from their reproductive suppression, which resulted in increases in TOS and OSI, which again indicated that just the mere ability to be able to breed results in a cost (oxidative stress). Therefore we can speculate that highveld mole-rats exhibited seasonal variation in redox balance brought about by variation in abiotic variables (e.g., rainfall), physiology and behaviour. We conclude that physiological changes associated with reproduction are sufficient to induce significant acute oxidative stress in the plasma of female highveld mole-rats, which become alleviated following transition to the non-breeding season/wet period suggesting a possible hormetic effect.

scholarly journals Reproductive activation in honeybee ( Apis mellifera ) workers protects against abiotic and biotic stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 376 (1823) ◽  
pp. 20190737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anissa Kennedy ◽  
Jacob Herman ◽  
Olav Rueppell
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Social Insect ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Cost Of Reproduction ◽  
Physiological Level ◽  
Exceptional Longevity ◽  
Somatic Maintenance ◽  
Whole Transcriptome Analysis ◽  
Experimental Treatments ◽  
Whole Transcriptome

Social insect reproductives exhibit exceptional longevity instead of the classic trade-off between somatic maintenance and reproduction. Even normally sterile workers experience a significant increase in life expectancy when they assume a reproductive role. The mechanisms that enable the positive relation between the antagonistic demands of reproduction and somatic maintenance are unclear. To isolate the effect of reproductive activation, honeybee workers were induced to activate their ovaries. These reproductively activated workers were compared to controls for survival and gene expression patterns after exposure to Israeli Acute Paralysis Virus or the oxidative stressor paraquat. Reproductive activation increased survival, indicating better immunity and oxidative stress resistance. After qPCR analysis confirmed our experimental treatments at the physiological level, whole transcriptome analysis revealed that paraquat treatment significantly changed the expression of 1277 genes in the control workers but only two genes in reproductively activated workers, indicating that reproductive activation preemptively protects against oxidative stress. Significant overlap between genes that were upregulated by reproductive activation and in response to paraquat included prominent members of signalling pathways and anti-oxidants known to affect ageing. Thus, while our results confirm a central role of vitellogenin, they also point to other mechanisms to explain the molecular basis of the lack of a cost of reproduction and the exceptional longevity of social insect reproductives. Thus, socially induced reproductive activation preemptively protects honeybee workers against stressors, explaining their longevity. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Ageing and sociality: why, when and how does sociality change ageing patterns?'

scholarly journals Twofold cost of reproduction: an increase in parental effort leads to higher malarial parasitaemia and to a decrease in resistance to oxidative stress

2011 ◽  
Vol 279 (1731) ◽  
pp. 1142-1149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Christe ◽  
Olivier Glaizot ◽  
Nicole Strepparava ◽  
Godefroy Devevey ◽  
Luca Fumagalli
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Brood Size ◽  
Parus Major ◽  
Cost Of Reproduction ◽  
Cell Resistance ◽  
Parental Effort ◽  
Brood Size Manipulation ◽  
Measured Resistance

Parental effort is usually associated with high metabolism that could lead to an increase in the production of reactive oxidative species giving rise to oxidative stress. Since many antioxidants involved in the resistance to oxidative stress can also enhance immune function, an increase in parental effort may diminish the level of antioxidants otherwise involved in parasite resistance. In the present study, we performed brood size manipulation in a population of great tits ( Parus major ) to create different levels of parental effort. We measured resistance to oxidative stress and used a newly developed quantitative PCR assay to quantify malarial parasitaemia. We found that males with an enlarged brood had significantly higher level of malarial parasites and lower red blood cell resistance to free radicals than males rearing control and reduced broods. Brood size manipulation did not affect female parasitaemia, although females with an enlarged brood had lower red blood cell resistance than females with control and reduced broods. However, for both sexes, there was no relationship between the level of parasitaemia and resistance to oxidative stress, suggesting a twofold cost of reproduction. Our results thus suggest the presence of two proximate and independent mechanisms for the well-documented trade-off between current reproductive effort and parental survival.

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