A cost of reproduction: oxidative stress susceptibility is associated with increased egg production in Drosophila melanogaster

Abstract Background Fluoride may induce oxidative stress and apoptosis. It may also lead to neurobehavioural defects including neuromuscular damage. The present study aimed to explore the effects of sub lethal concentrations of sodium fluoride (NaF) on the lifespan and climbing ability of Drosophila melanogaster. In total, 0.6 mg/L and 0.8 mg/L of NaF were selected as sublethal concentrations of NaF for the study. Lifespan was measured and climbing activity assay was performed. Results The study showed significant decrease in lifespan of flies treated with fluoride. With increasing age, significant reduction in climbing activity was observed in flies treated with sodium fluoride as compared to normal (control) flies. Flies treated with tulsi (Ocimum sanctum) and NaF showed increase in lifespan and climbing activity as compared to those treated with NaF only. Lipid peroxidation assay showed significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) values in the flies treated with NaF as compared to control. The MDA values decreased significantly in flies treated with tulsi mixed with NaF. Conclusions The results indicate that exposure to sub lethal concentration of NaF may cause oxidative stress and affect the lifespan and climbing activity of D. melanogaster. Tulsi extract may help in reducing the impact of oxidative stress and toxicity caused by NaF.

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Oxidative stress and decreased dopamine levels induced by imidacloprid exposure cause behavioral changes in a neurodevelopmental disorder model in Drosophila melanogaster

NeuroToxicology ◽

10.1016/j.neuro.2021.05.006 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Dieniffer Espinosa Janner ◽

Nathalie Savedra Gomes ◽

Márcia Rósula Poetini ◽

Kétnne Hanna Poleto ◽

Elize Aparecida Santos Musachio ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Drosophila Melanogaster ◽

Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽

Behavioral Changes

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Radical Response: Effects of Heat Stress-Induced Oxidative Stress on Lipid Metabolism in the Avian Liver

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox10010035 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 35

Author(s):

Nima K. Emami ◽

Usuk Jung ◽

Brynn Voy ◽

Sami Dridi

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Heat Stress ◽

Lipid Metabolism ◽

Egg Production ◽

Well Being ◽

Enzymatic Reactions ◽

Poultry Production ◽

Hepatic Lipid Metabolism ◽

Hepatic Lipid ◽

The Impact

Lipid metabolism in avian species places unique demands on the liver in comparison to most mammals. The avian liver synthesizes the vast majority of fatty acids that provide energy and support cell membrane synthesis throughout the bird. Egg production intensifies demands to the liver as hepatic lipids are needed to create the yolk. The enzymatic reactions that underlie de novo lipogenesis are energetically demanding and require a precise balance of vitamins and cofactors to proceed efficiently. External stressors such as overnutrition or nutrient deficiency can disrupt this balance and compromise the liver’s ability to support metabolic needs. Heat stress is an increasingly prevalent environmental factor that impairs lipid metabolism in the avian liver. The effects of heat stress-induced oxidative stress on hepatic lipid metabolism are of particular concern in modern commercial chickens due to the threat to global poultry production. Chickens are highly vulnerable to heat stress because of their limited capacity to dissipate heat, high metabolic activity, high internal body temperature, and narrow zone of thermal tolerance. Modern lines of both broiler (meat-type) and layer (egg-type) chickens are especially sensitive to heat stress because of the high rates of mitochondrial metabolism. While this oxidative metabolism supports growth and egg production, it also yields oxidative stress that can damage mitochondria, cellular membranes and proteins, making the birds more vulnerable to other stressors in the environment. Studies to date indicate that oxidative and heat stress interact to disrupt hepatic lipid metabolism and compromise performance and well-being in both broilers and layers. The purpose of this review is to summarize the impact of heat stress-induced oxidative stress on lipid metabolism in the avian liver. Recent advances that shed light on molecular mechanisms and potential nutritional/managerial strategies to counteract the negative effects of heat stress-induced oxidative stress to the avian liver are also integrated.

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A NOTE ON KIDWELL'S CHROMOSOMAL ANALYSIS OF EGG PRODUCTION AND CHAETA NUMBER IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

Canadian Journal of Genetics and Cytology ◽

10.1139/g70-052 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 356-358 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

P. Glaser ◽

J. F. Kldwell

Keyword(s):

Drosophila Melanogaster ◽

Egg Production ◽

Genetic Variance ◽

Chromosomal Analysis ◽

Epistatic Variance

An earlier paper (Kidwell, J.F., 1969, Can. J. Genet. Cytol 11: 547-557) has described partitioning of the genetic variance of egg production and chaeta number in Drosophila melanogaster, assuming equal frequencies of all chromosomes. Kidwell's data were analyzed again, and the new analyses were based on several panmictic populations with varying frequencies for each genotype. The importances of the several portions of the genetic variance were estimated for each population; several cases are presented. In most cases the ranges were substantial, especially those of the dominance and four-factor epistatic variances. The results of the present study generally support Kidwell's previous conclusions and suggest that epistatic variance should not routinely be assumed negligible.

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Lead (Pb) induced Oxidative Stress as a Mechanism to Cause Neurotoxicity in Drosophila melanogaster

Toxicology ◽

10.1016/j.tox.2021.152959 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 152959

Author(s):

Olakkaran Shilpa ◽

Kizhakke Purayil Anupama ◽

Anet Antony ◽

Hunasanahally Puttaswamygowda Gurushankara

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Drosophila Melanogaster

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Cost of reproduction in the Queensland fruit fly: Y-model versus lethal protein hypothesis

Proceedings of The Royal Society B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1098/rspb.2012.2033 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 279 (1749) ◽

pp. 4893-4900 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Benjamin G. Fanson ◽

Kerry V. Fanson ◽

Phillip W. Taylor

Keyword(s):

Side Effects ◽

Egg Production ◽

Fruit Fly ◽

Cost Of Reproduction ◽

Limited Resources ◽

Differential Allocation ◽

Trade Off ◽

Protein Ingestion ◽

Model Versus ◽

Allocation Strategies

The trade-off between lifespan and reproduction is commonly explained by differential allocation of limited resources. Recent research has shown that the ratio of protein to carbohydrate (P : C) of a fly's diet mediates the lifespan–reproduction trade-off, with higher P : C diets increasing egg production but decreasing lifespan. To test whether this P : C effect is because of changing allocation strategies (Y-model hypothesis) or detrimental effects of protein ingestion on lifespan (lethal protein hypothesis), we measured lifespan and egg production in Queensland fruit flies varying in reproductive status (mated, virgin and sterilized females, virgin males) that were fed one of 18 diets varying in protein and carbohydrate amounts. The Y-model predicts that for sterilized females and for males, which require little protein for reproduction, there will be no effect of P : C ratio on lifespan; the lethal protein hypothesis predicts that the effect of P : C ratio should be similar in all groups. In support of the lethal protein hypothesis, and counter to the Y-model, the P : C ratio of the ingested diets had similar effects for all groups. We conclude that the trade-off between lifespan and reproduction is mediated by the detrimental side-effects of protein ingestion on lifespan.

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