scholarly journals Stopping Winter Flooding of Rice Fields to Control Invasive Snails Has no Effect on Waterbird Abundance at the Landscape Scale

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rubén Bernardo-Madrid ◽  
Pablo Vera ◽  
Belinda Gallardo ◽  
Montserrat Vilà
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Landscape Scale ◽  
Rice Fields ◽  
Ebro Delta ◽  
Apple Snail ◽  
Snail Control ◽  
Natural Park ◽  
Abundance Trends ◽  
Winter Flooding ◽  
Positive Effect

The invasive apple snail (Pomacea maculata) appeared in 2010 in the Ebro Delta Natural Park, an important area for rice production and waterbird conservation in the eastern Mediterranean. To control crop damage, farmers stopped flooding their rice fields in winter, an agri-environmental scheme (AES) applied for more than 20 years in some European and American regions to favor flora and fauna from wetlands, including wintering waterbirds. Thus, apple snail control is controversial because of its potential side effects on international waterbird conservation efforts. Despite the fact that 10 years have passed since the first flooding limitations, and the alarms raised by the managers of the Natural Park, the side effects of apple snail management on waterbird conservation have not been evaluated. Here we fill this gap by analyzing a 35-year time series to assess whether abundance trends of 27 waterbird species, from five functional groups, decreased in the Ebro Delta after stopping winter flooding. We considered the effects of confounding local factors by also assessing trend changes in l’Albufera, a similar nearby not invaded wetland where flooding has not been interrupted. In addition, as a control of the positive effect of winter flooding, we also assessed whether abundance trends increased in both wetlands after applying this AES winter flooding. Our results showed complex and decoupled trend changes across species and geographical areas, without statistical evidences, in general or for any particular functional group, on the positive effect of winter flooding in both wetlands neither on the negative effect of its cessation in Ebro Delta. These results suggest the safety of this apple snail control in terms of waterbird abundance at a landscape scale. In addition, these results question, at least in two important wintering areas in Europe, the attractor role associated with the flooding agri-environmental scheme applied for decades.

Evaluation of the effectiveness of skin preparation methods for the reduction of Cutibacterium acnes (formerly Propionibacterium acnes) in shoulder surgery: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
pp. 175857322110325
Author(s):  
Maria Sagkrioti ◽  
Stephen Glass ◽  
Georgios Arealis
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Shoulder Surgery ◽  
Skin Preparation ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Cutibacterium Acnes ◽  
Surgery Outcomes ◽  
Positive Effect

Background Cutibacterium acnes ( C. acnes) is the most common pathogen responsible for post-operative shoulder infections. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of skin preparation methods against C. acnes in shoulder surgery. Methods A systematic review was conducted evaluating the effectiveness of skin preparation methods in the reduction of C. acnes in patients undergoing shoulder surgery. Outcomes were assessed based on the effectiveness of the method used; side effects and cost were also analysed. Results Of the 19 included studies, 9 evaluated pre-surgical home treatments: 8 assessed benzoyl peroxide (BPO) and 6 concluded it is effective in reducing C. acnes. Nine studies assessed surgical skin preparation and concluded that Chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) was not effective; in contrast hydrogen peroxide reduced C. acnes. Finally, one study evaluated an aseptic protocol using CHG and concluded that it was not effective. Conclusions It was demonstrated that BPO as home treatment is effective in reducing C. acnes load on skin ; it rarely causes side effects and is also cost-effective. This study highlights non-effectiveness of CHG. There was some evidence that the addition of hydrogen peroxide could have a positive effect in the reduction of C. acnes skin load; however, more studies are required.

scholarly journals Responses of birds in rice fields to winter flooding

2009 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taku Maeda ◽  
Hoshiko Yoshida
Keyword(s):  
Rice Fields ◽  
Winter Flooding

A Detailed Review on Herbal Treatments for Treatment of PCOS- Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)

2021 ◽  
Vol 02 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ankita Wal ◽  
Pranay Wal ◽  
Nikita Saraswat ◽  
Simran Wadhwa
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Tinospora Cordifolia ◽  
Ocimum Sanctum ◽  
Tribulus Terrestris ◽  
Asparagus Racemosus ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Diseased Condition ◽  
Positive Effect

Background: The review gives a brief about PCOS and the symptoms related to the disease. Around 2.2 to 26% cases of PCOS are present globally. The disorder generally occurs in the reproductive age group women. The review has a mention of few herbs which can be used to correct the diseased condition. The various herbs have positive effect on the diseased condition and can be used to cure symptoms like hypothyroidism, hyperplasia, obesity, diabetes, Menorrhagia, sleep disturbances, cardiovascular problems, hyperlipidemia, hirsutism, infertility, irregular menstrual cycle, etc. The search engines used are PubMed, various review articles, etc. Methods: The method involved in the review includes various medicinal herbs that have seen to affect women having various gynecological disorders like Poly Cystic Ovarian Syndrome, Uterine Fibroids, and Endometriosis. Materials: The herbs included in the review include Bauhinia variegata useful in hormone imbalance, Phyllanthus emblica, Terminalia bellirica, Terminalia chebula, and Commiphora wightii are used to regulate the hormones, Cinnamon cassia acts as an anti-oxidant, Tribulus terrestris improves reproductive dysfunction, Hypericum perforatum regulates depression, Commiphora myrrha prevents menorrhagia, Nigella sativa controls cholesterol, Saraca asoca has estrogenic action, Asparagus racemosus promotes folliculogenesis, Tinospora cordifolia regulates menstrual flow, Ocimum sanctum as an anti-oxidant. Conclusion:: The plants taken had positive effect on women with PCOS without causing any side-effects. The natural herbs used for the treatment of PCOS did not have any side effects and treated the diseased condition naturally. The review is to understand the natural plants available for the treatment of the disease naturally. The herbs can be used individually or can be used in combination.

COVID-19 vaccine sceptics are persuaded by pro-vaccine expert consensus messaging

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Bialek ◽  
Ethan Andrew Meyers ◽  
Patricia Arriaga ◽  
Damian Harateh ◽  
Arkadiusz Urbanek
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Vaccine Safety ◽  
Expert Consensus ◽  
Explanatory Depth ◽  
Consensus Information ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Vaccination Hesitancy ◽  
Small Positive Effect

To further understand how to combat COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy, we examined the effects of pro-vaccine expert consensus messaging on lay attitudes of vaccine safety and intention to vaccinate. We surveyed N = 729 individuals from four countries. Regardless of its content, consensus messaging had an overall small positive effect. Most critically, the direction of the effect varied depending on the baseline attitudes of participants: consensus information improved the attitude of vaccine sceptics and uncertain individuals, while having no effect on vaccine supporters. We also analysed whether the persuasiveness of expert consensus would increase after puncturing an illusion of explanatory depth in individuals. This further manipulation had no direct effect, nor interacted with the type of expert consensus. We conclude that highlighting expert consensus may be a way to increase support toward COVID-19 vaccination in those already hesitant or sceptical with little risk of side-effects.

scholarly journals Effects of winter flooding on phosphorus dynamics in rice fields

Limnology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takuya Ishida ◽  
Yoshitoshi Uehara ◽  
Tohru Ikeya ◽  
Takashi F. Haraguchi ◽  
Satoshi Asano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Fields ◽  
Phosphorus Dynamics ◽  
Winter Flooding

Autumn migration of the Common Sandpiper Actitis hypoleucos in the Ebro Delta Natural Park

Wader Study ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 126 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pere Josa ◽  
Jordi Feliu ◽  
Albert Bertolero
Keyword(s):  
Ebro Delta ◽  
Autumn Migration ◽  
Natural Park ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Sandpiper

scholarly journals Online Public Participation Geographic Information System (PPGIS) as a landscape and public use management tool: a case study from the Ebro Delta Natural Park (Spain)

2021 ◽  
Vol 93 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Amalia Vaneska Palacio Buendía ◽  
María Yolanda Pérez Albert ◽  
David Serrano Giné
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Geographic Information System ◽  
Public Participation ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Ebro Delta ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Landscape Characteristics ◽  
Natural Park

This paper presents a Public Participation Geographic Information System (PPGIS) application conducted in the Ebro Delta Natural Park, Spain. It aims to support decision-making and management activities. The application is based on an online PPGIS questionnaire using Google Maps API. Participants were asked about the spatial and temporal usage while visiting the Natural Park, about their landscape preferences, and appreciations. A set of eight pairs of bipolar adjectives related to landscape characteristics and experience, four items related to public use, and nine to leisure activities were used. In total, 204 valid answers and 3,969 georeferenced opinions were mapped by this case study. The results of this mapping give insights in the use, perception and appreciation of landscape naturalness and aesthetic beauty, accessibility, facilities, services, and signposting. Furthermore, this study discuss the outcomes of mapping the results and how they support the park management with regard to the identification of conflicts, and the need for action. Finally, this study discuss potentials and limitations of PPGIS as a tool for public participation to capture visitors' experiential knowledge in order to optimize and enhance the management of protected areas.

Oxcarbazepine – place in the treatment of epilepsy

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-101
Author(s):  
Marcin Kopka
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Line Treatment ◽  
First Line ◽  
Focal Seizures ◽  
Treatment Of Epilepsy ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
First Line Treatment

Oxcarbazepine is recommended for the first line treatment of focal seizures in monotherapy and add-on therapy in both children and adults. It is well tolerated and less frequently interacts with other drugs, possible side effects less often lead to the cessation of the therapy. An important feature of the drug is a positive effect on the sexual sphere of patients and a presumed positive effect on reducing depressive symptoms.

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