scholarly journals Slow-Fast Cognitive Phenotypes and Their Significance for Social Behavior: What Can We Learn From Honeybees?

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhruba Naug ◽  
Catherine Tait
Keyword(s):  
Social Evolution ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Interindividual Variation ◽  
Cognitive Differences ◽  
Fully Integrated ◽  
Behavioral Diversity ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Pace Of Life ◽  
Cognitive Traits

Cognitive variation is proposed to be the fundamental underlying factor that drives behavioral variation, yet it is still to be fully integrated with the observed variation at other phenotypic levels that has recently been unified under the common pace-of-life framework. This cognitive and the resulting behavioral diversity is especially significant in the context of a social group, the performance of which is a collective outcome of this diversity. In this review, we argue about the utility of classifying cognitive traits along a slow-fast continuum in the larger context of the pace-of-life framework. Using Tinbergen’s explanatory framework for different levels of analyses and drawing from the large body of knowledge about honeybee behavior, we discuss the observed interindividual variation in cognitive traits and slow-fast cognitive phenotypes from an adaptive, evolutionary, mechanistic and developmental perspective. We discuss the challenges in this endeavor and suggest possible next steps in terms of methodological, statistical and theoretical approaches to move the field forward for an integrative understanding of how slow-fast cognitive differences, by influencing collective behavior, impact social evolution.

Finance and Investment: The European Case

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sovereign Debt ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Policy Research ◽  
Financial System ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Contributory Factor ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Equity Financing ◽  
Body Of Knowledge

This book is the product of a two-year research programme entitled Restarting European Long-Term Investment Finance (RELTIF), organized by Assonime and the Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR) in London. The programme brought together leading researchers from across the world to consider the causes of the persistently low level of investment in Europe, to examine the extent to which the financial system was a contributory factor and to identify possible policy remedies for it. It considered the relation of finance to corporate sector investment, the lending behaviour of banks, the provision of equity financing, the role of public sector institutions, regulation, and taxation. The chapters in this volume provide one of the most comprehensive and thorough analyses of any financial system that has been undertaken to date. They reflect a large body of research using new and existing data sets, employing advanced empirical tools, and exploiting the unique insights provided by the tumultuous events of the financial and sovereign debt crises. Together they comprise an exceptional body of knowledge to advance academic thinking and guide policy formulation in the future.

The case for NLP-enhanced database tuning

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1159-1165
Author(s):  
Immanuel Trummer
Keyword(s):  
Natural Language ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Prototype System ◽  
Web Documents ◽  
Natural Language Text ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Automated Tuning ◽  
Database Tuning

A large body of knowledge on database tuning is available in the form of natural language text. We propose to leverage natural language processing (NLP) to make that knowledge accessible to automated tuning tools. We describe multiple avenues to exploit NLP for database tuning, and outline associated challenges and opportunities. As a proof of concept, we describe a simple prototype system that exploits recent NLP advances to mine tuning hints from Web documents. We show that mined tuning hints improve performance of MySQL and Postgres on TPC-H, compared to the default configuration.

The contribution of epidemiology to psychiatric aetiology

2012 ◽  
pp. 280-290
Author(s):  
Scott Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Genetic Information ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Environmental Exposures ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Body Of Knowledge

The epidemiology of psychiatric disorders has shown the extent to which these are present in all human populations. It has also provided a large body of knowledge about aetiology. Now that biological including genetic information can be added to data on environmental exposures, opportunities for further advancement carry much promise.

Understanding Project Data

2008 ◽  
pp. 303-374
Author(s):  
Emilia Mendes
Keyword(s):  
Large Body ◽  
Statistical Techniques ◽  
Effort Estimation ◽  
Estimation Techniques ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Project Data ◽  
Estimation Models

The objective of this chapter is to provide an introduction to statistical techniques and concepts that are frequently used when dealing with data for effort estimation. The concepts presented here are in no way exhaustive since statistics comprises a very large body of knowledge where entire books are devoted to specific topics. The parts that are the focus of this chapter are those that are necessary to use when building effort estimation models, and also when comparing different effort estimation techniques.

The Object-Oriented Design Knowledge

2011 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Javier Garzas ◽  
Mario Piattini
Keyword(s):  
Software Engineering ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Design Patterns ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Object Oriented ◽  
Design Knowledge ◽  
Object Oriented Design ◽  
Body Of Knowledge

In order to establish itself as a branch of engineering, a profession must understand its accumulated knowledge. In this regard, software engineering has advanced greatly in recent years, but it still suffers from the lack of a structured classification of its knowledge. In this sense, in the field of object-oriented micro-architectural design designers have accumulated a large body of knowledge and it is still have not organized or unified. Therefore, items such as design patterns are the most popular example of accumulated knowledge, but other elements of knowledge exist such as principles, heuristics, best practices, bad smells, refactorings, and so on, which are not clearly differentiated; indeed, many are synonymous and others are just vague concepts.

scholarly journals Synthesizing knowledge of the Claybelt to promote sustainable forest management

2002 ◽  
Vol 78 (5) ◽  
pp. 665-671 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Lefort ◽  
B Harvey ◽  
J Parton ◽  
G KM Smith
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Sustainable Forest Management ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Natural Disturbance ◽  
Engineering Research ◽  
Forestry Practices ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Forest Practices

A review of the scientific literature relevant to the Claybelt region was undertaken under the initiative of Lake Abitibi Model Forest (LAMF) and in collaboration with the Canadian Forest Service, the Ontario and Quebec Ministries of Natural Resources and the NSERC-UQAT-UQAM (Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council – Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue – Université du Québec à Montréal) Industrial Chair in Sustainable forest Management. The objective was to synthesize this information in order to develop better forestry practices and identify knowledge and research gaps. Forestry-related knowledge was gathered on six broad topics: i) natural disturbances, ii) forest ecosystems, iii) past and present forest practices, iv) biological diversity, v) forest management and vi) examples of current applications of natural disturbance-based forest management. The work allowed us to synthesize a large body of knowledge into one publication that will be a useful reference for foresters in both provinces. Key words: biodiversity, Claybelt, even-aged/uneven-aged forests, fire, silvicultural practices

scholarly journals Calculating Biological Module Enrichment or Depletion and Visualizing Data on Large-scale Molecular Maps with ACSNMineR and RNaviCell R packages

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Deveau ◽  
Emmanuel Barillot ◽  
Valentina Boeva ◽  
Andrei Zinovyev ◽  
Eric Bonnet
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Large Body ◽  
R Package ◽  
Biological Pathways ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Cellular Systems ◽  
Biological Databases ◽  
Data Types ◽  
Functional Relationships ◽  
Body Of Knowledge

AbstractBiological pathways or modules represent sets of interactions or functional relationships occurring at the molecular level in living cells. A large body of knowledge on pathways is organized in public databases such as the KEGG, Reactome, or in more specialized repositories, such as the Atlas of Cancer Signaling Network (ACSN). All these open biological databases facilitate analyses, improving our understanding of cellular systems. We hereby describe the R packageACSNMineRfor calculation of enrichment or depletion of lists of genes of interest in biological pathways. ACSNMineR integrates ACSN molecular pathways, but can use any molecular pathway encoded as a GMT file, for instance sets of genes available in the Molecular Signatures Database (MSigDB). We also present the R packageRNaviCell, that can be used in conjunction withACSNMineRto visualize different data types on web-based, interactive ACSN maps. We illustrate the functionalities of the two packages with biological data taken from large-scale cancer datasets.

scholarly journals Are Agatha, Dashiell, and Arthur alive? Assessing the link between hand movements and false intentions

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomás Sanches Baêna
Keyword(s):  
Truth Condition ◽  
Body Part ◽  
The Body ◽  
Airport Security ◽  
Hand Movements ◽  
Truth Telling ◽  
Cognitive Differences ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Intelligence Services ◽  
Security Checks

Background: With the ever-increasing political, ideological and social tension which followed 9/11, crime prevention stands as an issue of major relevance. The development of the ability to accurately detect statements of false intent is of great societal and legal value. It could aid intelligence services in preventing crimes (e.g., terrorist threats) and security services in reinforcing their protocols (e.g., airport security checks, parole hearings, and border control).Goals: To examine the associations between hand movements and false intentions in adults.Methods: Using a laboratory-based variation of the ‘Portsmouth design’, 23 students completed a questionnaire about their intentions to travel in the near future. Participants with a planned trip were placed in the truth tellers’ condition (n = 12). Those who did not have a planned trip were placed in the liars’ condition (n = 11). Based on the main theoretical approaches, three hypotheses were proposed. Hypothesis 1 advocated a decrease in the three categories of illustrators (movements interconnected to speech that serve to illustrate what is being verbally said) in liars, as compared to the truth tellers. Hypothesis 2 also suggested a decrease in the category of subtle hand and finger movements in the lying condition, comparatively with the truth condition. Finally, hypothesis 3 proposed a lack of significant differences between liars and truth-tellers in the five categories of self-adaptors (movements in which one part of the body does something to another body part, such as scratching the ear or squeezing the hands).Results: Hypothesis 1 was partially supported. The general and the unilateral categories of illustrators decreased in the case of the liars, as compared to the truth tellers; however, the bilateral category of illustrators slightly increased in the lying condition, in comparison with truth telling. Hypotheses 2 and 3 were fully supported. Discussion: Apart from the slight increase of bilateral illustrators in the case of the liars, all the results are in accordance with the empirical findings on deception research about past events. This similarity is noteworthy, considering the cognitive differences between lies about past events and lies about future events.

Leucotomy in the Periodic Psychoses

1949 ◽  
Vol 95 (398) ◽  
pp. 101-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. N. Jones ◽  
P. K. McCowan
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Small Contribution ◽  
Animal Kingdom ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Human Economy ◽  
Similar Report ◽  
Made In

Periodicity as a phenomenon in nature has been known and studied from time immemorial, Astronomy and other sciences have built up a large body of knowledge which goes a long way towards explaining periodicity in the spheres with which they concern themselves. As it appears in the animal kingdom, however, the mechanisms underlying the phenomenon are still largely unrevealed. Of late years the hypothesis has been advanced that many of the periodic happenings in the human economy are subserved by the hypothalamus. Thus menstrual periodicity is held to be due to the hypothalamus acting in conjunction with the endocrine system. This paper is a small contribution to this hypothesis, maintaining as it does that the periodicity observed in certain psychoses is due to the influence of the hypothalamus on the prefrontal cortex. So far no similar report has been made in the large literature dealing with leucotomy and it therefore seemed worth while to give our results in some detail.

scholarly journals New Insights into HIV/AIDS-Associated Cryptococcosis

ISRN AIDS ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Spinello Antinori
Keyword(s):  
Cryptococcal Meningitis ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Inflammatory Syndrome ◽  
Therapy Programme

Cryptococcal meningitis is a life-threatening opportunistic fungal infection in both HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected patients. According to the most recent taxonomy, the responsible fungus is classified into a complex that contains two species (Cryptococcus neoformans and C. gattii), with eight major molecular types. HIV infection is recognized worldwide as the main underlying disease responsible for the development of cryptococcal meningitis (accounting for 80–90% of cases). In several areas of sub-Saharan Africa with the highest HIV prevalence despite the recent expansion of antiretroviral (ARV) therapy programme, cryptococcal meningitis is the leading cause of community-acquired meningitis with a high mortality burden. Although cryptococcal meningitis should be considered a neglected disease, a large body of knowledge has been developed by several studies performed in recent years. This paper will focus especially on new clinical aspects such as immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome, advances on management, and strategies for the prevention of clinical disease.

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