scholarly journals Genomics Armed With Diversity Leads the Way in Brassica Improvement in a Changing Global Environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Shuhadah Mohd Saad ◽  
Anita A. Severn-Ellis ◽  
Aneeta Pradhan ◽  
David Edwards ◽  
Jacqueline Batley
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Reverse Genetics ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Crop Evolution ◽  
Breeding Cycle ◽  
World Population ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
The Face ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
The Way

Meeting the needs of a growing world population in the face of imminent climate change is a challenge; breeding of vegetable and oilseed Brassica crops is part of the race in meeting these demands. Available genetic diversity constituting the foundation of breeding is essential in plant improvement. Elite varieties, land races, and crop wild species are important resources of useful variation and are available from existing genepools or genebanks. Conservation of diversity in genepools, genebanks, and even the wild is crucial in preventing the loss of variation for future breeding efforts. In addition, the identification of suitable parental lines and alleles is critical in ensuring the development of resilient Brassica crops. During the past two decades, an increasing number of high-quality nuclear and organellar Brassica genomes have been assembled. Whole-genome re-sequencing and the development of pan-genomes are overcoming the limitations of the single reference genome and provide the basis for further exploration. Genomic and complementary omic tools such as microarrays, transcriptomics, epigenetics, and reverse genetics facilitate the study of crop evolution, breeding histories, and the discovery of loci associated with highly sought-after agronomic traits. Furthermore, in genomic selection, predicted breeding values based on phenotype and genome-wide marker scores allow the preselection of promising genotypes, enhancing genetic gains and substantially quickening the breeding cycle. It is clear that genomics, armed with diversity, is set to lead the way in Brassica improvement; however, a multidisciplinary plant breeding approach that includes phenotype = genotype × environment × management interaction will ultimately ensure the selection of resilient Brassica varieties ready for climate change.

scholarly journals Forward Planning for Scottish Gardens in the Face of Climate Change

2015 ◽  
pp. 131-144
Author(s):  
Chris Smart ◽  
Alan Elliott
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
Climate Envelope ◽  
The Face ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Climate Envelope Modelling ◽  
Partial Correction ◽  
Selection Of

The impact of climate change and its effects on gardens has so far received limited academic attention. This paper offers a partial correction of this imbalance by investigating the potential impact of climate change on a selection of common Scottish garden plants. A climate envelope modelling approach was taken, whereby wild species distribution data were used to build climate ‘envelopes’ or descriptions of the native climates of selected species. The envelope models were projected onto future climate scenarios for Scotland, allowing observations to be made regarding the climatic suitability of Scotland, both currently and into the future, for each of the plants studied. The models and predictions for four species are described here along with strengths and limitations of the methodology. It is suggested that this approach, or variations of it, could become a useful tool in forward planning for gardens in assisting efforts to mitigate the effect of climate change.

scholarly journals Pre-emptive Breeding Against Karnal Bunt Infection in Common Wheat: Combining Genomic and Agronomic Information to Identify Suitable Parents

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Livinus Emebiri ◽  
Shane Hildebrand ◽  
Mui-Keng Tan ◽  
Philomin Juliana ◽  
Pawan K. Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Karnal Bunt ◽  
World Population ◽  
Gwas Study ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Ideal Genotype ◽  
Bunt Resistance

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the most widely grown cereal crop in the world and is staple food to half the world’s population. The current world population is expected to reach 9.8 billion people by 2050, but food production is not expected to keep pace with demand in developing countries. Significant opportunities exist for traditional grain exporters to produce and export greater amounts of wheat to fill the gap. Karnal bunt, however, is a major threat, due to its use as a non-tariff trade barrier by several wheat-importing countries. The cultivation of resistant varieties remains the most cost-effective approach to manage the disease, but in countries that are free of the disease, genetic improvement is difficult due to quarantine restrictions. Here we report a study on pre-emptive breeding designed to identify linked molecular markers, evaluate the prospects of genomic selection as a tool, and prioritise wheat genotypes suitable for use as parents. In a genome-wide association (GWAS) study, we identified six DArTseq markers significantly linked to Karnal bunt resistance, which explained between 7.6 and 29.5% of the observed phenotypic variation. The accuracy of genomic prediction was estimated to vary between 0.53 and 0.56, depending on whether it is based solely on the identified Quantitative trait loci (QTL) markers or the use of genome-wide markers. As genotypes used as parents would be required to possess good yield and phenology, further research was conducted to assess the agronomic value of Karnal bunt resistant germplasm from the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT). We identified an ideal genotype, ZVS13_385, which possessed similar agronomic attributes to the highly successful Australian wheat variety, Mace. It is phenotypically resistant to Karnal bunt infection (<1% infection) and carried all the favourable alleles detected for resistance in this study. The identification of a genotype combining Karnal bunt resistance with adaptive agronomic traits overcomes the concerns of breeders regarding yield penalty in the absence of the disease.

scholarly journals Entender a natureza para projetar: a Paleta Vegetal do Projeto Paisagístico do Parque Capibaribe

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 281
Author(s):  
Joelmir Marques da Silva ◽  
Ana Raquel Santos de Meneses ◽  
Maiara Costa Mota
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Urban Forest ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Lowland Forest ◽  
Environmental Recovery ◽  
The Face ◽  
Environmental Network ◽  
The City ◽  
Selection Of

Ante as demandas globais emergentes relacionadas à conservação da natureza e às mudanças climáticas, a cidade do Recife, capital do Estado de Pernambuco, Brasil, vem buscando estratégias para enfrentar tais problemáticas. Entre os projetos em desenvolvimento destaca-se o do Parque Capibaribe que visa promover uma nova forma de experienciar a cidade atrelada à recuperação ambiental e viabilizada pela criação e valorização dos espaços públicos, notadamente aqueles que englobam porções de natureza, e por sua conexão aos fragmentos florestais urbanos, públicos ou privados, formando uma grande rede ambiental. Contudo, um dos grandes desafios estava na seleção de espécies vegetais da Floresta Ombrófila Densa das Terras Baixas, característica do sítio, para compor a Paleta Vegetal do Projeto Parque Capibaribe, por existir uma lacuna referente ao seu emprego no paisagismo. Desta forma, objetiva-se com este artigo, apresentar e discutir o processo da seleção das espécies que compõem esta Paleta Vegetal. Por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica, sobre levantamentos florísticos e fitossociológicos de fragmentos florestais próximos ao Rio Capibaribe, chegou-se a um total de 523 espécies, que posteriormente foram submetidas a critérios relacionados ao uso dos espaços e manutenção, resultando em 194 espécies de diferentes estratos.  Understanding nature in order to design: the Vegetation Palette of the Capibaribe Park Landscape ProjectA B S T R A C TIn the face of emerging global demands concerning nature conservation and climate change, Recife, capital of the State of Pernambuco, Brazil, has been seeking strategies to address these issues. Among the projects under development, the Capibaribe Park Project, which aims to promote a new way of experiencing the city in conjunction with environmental recovery, stands out for its creation and enhancement of public spaces, notably those that include pockets of nature, and their connection to fragments of public or private urban forest, forming a large environmental network. However, one of the major challenges has been the selection of plant species from the Dense Ombrophilous Lowland Forest, characteristic of the locality, to compose the Capibaribe Park Vegetation Palette, since there is a knowledge gap regarding their use in landscaping. The aim of this article is thus to describe the methodological process of selecting the species that make up this vegetation palette, which, through bibliographic research on floristic and phytosociological surveys of forest fragments near the Capibaribe River, reached a total of 523 species. From these, 194 species from different strata were subsequently selected according to space use and maintenance criteria.Keywords: Environmental Recovery, Urban Parks, Urban Sustainability, Landscape, Vegetation.

scholarly journals Amphibian ranaviruses in Europe: important directions for future research

FACETS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 598-614
Author(s):  
Lewis J. Campbell ◽  
Alice H. Pawlik ◽  
Xavier A. Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Experimental Systems ◽  
The Face ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Potential Interactions ◽  
The Way

Ranaviruses are an emerging group of pathogens capable of infecting all cold-blooded vertebrates. In Europe, ranaviruses pose a particularly potent threat to wild amphibian populations. Since the 1980s research on amphibian-infecting ranaviruses in Europe has been growing. The wide distribution of amphibian populations in Europe, the ease with which many are monitored, and the tractable nature of counterpart ex situ experimental systems have provided researchers with a unique opportunity to study many aspects of host–ranavirus interactions in the wild. These characteristics of European amphibian populations will also enable researchers to lead the way as the field of host–ranavirus interactions progresses. In this review, we provide a summary of the current key knowledge regarding amphibian infecting ranaviruses throughout Europe. We then outline important areas of further research and suggest practical ways each could be pursued. We address the study of potential interactions between the amphibian microbiome and ranaviruses, how pollution may exacerbate ranaviral disease either as direct stressors of amphibians or indirect modification of the amphibian microbiome. Finally, we discuss the need for continued surveillance of ranaviral emergence in the face of climate change.

Gender, Politics, and Water in Australia and Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
pp. 165-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Alston
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Water Insecurity ◽  
Critical Feature ◽  
Water Policies ◽  
The Face ◽  
Farming Families ◽  
Climate Events ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Way

In the wake of climate change, environmental degradation, and increasing global populations, food and water security are under threat throughout the world. This chapter focuses on the impacts of climate change on water security in Australia and Bangladesh, noting in particular the gendered implications and the way policies influence and shape gendered responses. In Bangladesh, for example, following disasters, access to safe, uncontaminated water may involve women walking significant distances. Australian research has examined the impact of water policies on gendered livelihood strategies as farming families readjust to their reduced access to irrigation water. A critical feature of this chapter is an examination of the way water has become “commodified” and reconfigured around new forms of market value. The chapter poses questions about the ongoing impact of water insecurity in the face of predicted and extreme climate events.

scholarly journals Climate-Smart Silviculture in Mountain Regions

2021 ◽  
pp. 263-315
Author(s):  
Maciej Pach ◽  
Kamil Bielak ◽  
Andrej Bončina ◽  
Lluís Coll ◽  
Maria Höhn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Mountain Forests ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Forest Stability ◽  
Management Alternatives ◽  
Silvicultural Prescriptions ◽  
Inherent Part ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractMountain forests in Europe have to face recently speeding-up phenomena related to climate change, reflected not only by the increases in the mean global temperature but also by frequent extreme events, that can cause a lot of various damages threatening forest stability. The crucial task of management is to adapt forests to environmental uncertainties using various strategies that should be undertaken to enhance forest resistance and resilience, as well as to maintain forest biodiversity and provision of ecosystem services at requested levels. Forests can play an important role in the mitigation of climate change. The stand features that increase forest climate smartness could be improved by applying appropriate silvicultural measures, which are powerful tools to modify forests. The chapter provides information on the importance of selected stand features in the face of climate change and silvicultural prescriptions on stand level focusing to achieve the required level of climate smartness. The selection of silvicultural prescriptions should be also supported by the application of simulation models. The sets of the various treatments and management alternatives should be an inherent part of adaptive forest management that is a leading approach in changing environmental conditions.

Climate change: making decisions in the face of deep uncertainty

Nature ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 580 (7804) ◽  
pp. 456-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judy Lawrence ◽  
Marjolijn Haasnoot ◽  
Robert Lempert
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Deep Uncertainty ◽  
The Face

Restoring whitebark pine ecosystems in the face of climate change

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Keane ◽  
Lisa M. Holsinger ◽  
Mary F. Mahalovich ◽  
Diana F. Tomback
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Whitebark Pine ◽  
The Face

Tanks in the Spa Town. The New Book about the Events of the Year 1968 in Czechoslovakia

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 278-282
Author(s):  
Kirill A. Popov
Keyword(s):  
Fiftieth Anniversary ◽  
Warsaw Pact ◽  
Scientific Event ◽  
The Social ◽  
Prague Spring ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Scientific Terms ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Regional Perspective ◽  
The Way

This review is devoted to the monograph by Jan Nedvěd “We do not decline our heads. The events of the year 1968 in Karlovy Vary”. The Karlovy Vary municipal museum coincided its publishing with the fiftieth anniversary of the Prague spring which, considering the way of the presentation, turned the book not only to scientific event but also to the social one. The book describes sociopolitical trends in the region before the year 1968, the development of the reformist movement, the invasion and advance of the armies of the Warsaw Pact countries, and finally the decline of the reformist mood and the beginning of the normalization. Working on his writing, the author deeply studied the materials of the local archive and gathered the unique selection of the photographs depicting the passage of the soviet army through the spa town and the protest actions of its inhabitants. In the meantime, Nedvěd takes undue freedom with scientific terms, and his selection of historiography raises questions. The author bases his research on the Czech papers and scarcely uses the books of Russian origin. He also did not study the subject of the participating of the GDR’s army in the operation Danube, although these troops were concentrated on the borders of Karlovy Vary region as well. Because of this decision, there are no materials from German archives or historiography in the monograph. In general, the work lacks the width of studying its subject, but it definitively accomplishes the task of depicting the Prague spring from the regional perspective.

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